On the surface, paleontological fossils are just stones, but if we look closely, they contain many natural information codes created by nature, which contain scientific and artistic connotations. Therefore, fossils have artistic ornamental effect, aesthetic appreciation and enjoyment effect, scientific connotation and cultural connotation, which can make people trace back the course of life and the pace of natural history and broaden the space and spiritual world of modern people. Not only that, the fossils in western Liaoning can also show us a picture of biological history in prehistoric times, giving people knowledge and enjoying nature.
People in China like to collect stones. Mainly fossils and mineral spar. China people appreciate and collect stones, mainly texture stones and modeling stones. West Renye Fang likes and collects stones. It is a science for westerners to appreciate and collect stones. But with the development of the times, these two hobbies for stones are merging with each other. Since 1990s, fossils and mineral spar have been favored by more and more people in China. At the same time, attracted by the international market and interests, a large number of fakes have appeared in mineral spar and paleontological fossils. Those colorful crystals faded soon after they were bought back, and some even disintegrated. Especially vertebrate fossils, the international market price is optimistic, and a large number of fakes appear. In order to prevent lovers from being deceived, this paper introduces some methods of forging paleontological fossils and matters needing attention in identification. Dinosaur eggs, but the dinosaur eggs in the world are very popular because of their rarity. It has been unearthed in Henan, Sichuan, Guangdong and many other places in China. The number and variety of dinosaur eggs unearthed in China are second to none in the world. Dinosaur eggs are the most, and all kinds of fake dinosaur eggs on the market are very expensive. Fake dinosaur eggs mainly include: fake paleontological fossils. First, pebbles in the river bed. When a large number of dinosaur eggs are unearthed, people don't want those dinosaur egg skins that have fallen off. Generally, they will choose a sleek size and then stick some broken dinosaur egg skins on it. In the early 1990s, Xixia County, Henan Province. As long as the dinosaur eggs are large and complete, these dinosaur egg skins were later picked up by some people with ulterior motives or bought at a low price. The width of the broken lines between the fake dinosaur eggs and the broken egg skins is discontinuous, and the changes of the lines are unnatural. There is obvious inconsistency between the local and internal pebbles of the egg skin, and most of them have "warping" phenomenon. The joints between broken eggshells are usually filled with red soil. After temporary placement, some egg skins will automatically fall off, and the pebbles inside can be clearly seen. Second, pieced together incomplete dinosaur eggs. The bonding place is covered with broken dinosaur egg skin, such as two similar half dinosaur eggs spliced into a complete egg fossil. Finally, the gaps are smeared with red soil. Many families in Xixia County, Henan Province have this kind of patchwork dinosaur eggs, each of which is no less than that of 200 yuan. It is often seen that this kind of egg fossil is broken as a whole, and the egg lines outside are incoherent. Thirdly, calcareous nodules containing calcium carbonate are often seen in the stratum. Sediment particles are attached to the surface, and these nodules often fall into rivers. When the river dries up, these round nodules with sand appear, and black or red halo can be seen between the broken nodules, which people mistakenly think is the trace left by egg yolk. The difference from real dinosaur eggs is that the skin of real eggs is smooth and even cracked. This kind of stone egg gives people the feeling that it is a dinosaur egg with only the egg core. Fourth, use real dinosaur eggs as molds. Then it is equipped with a real stone base, and then it is made of gypsum and cement. Simulation results are often good. This kind of egg has more than a dozen nests, such as more than a dozen eggs, which may be fake. The identification method is that the skin of an egg is different, and the skin crack in fake egg is unnatural. The unique damaged pattern of the egg skin on the real dinosaur egg can't be made in the process of turning over, and only the concave and convex parts on the egg skin can be exposed. Cracks in the broken egg skin can be found in real eggs. The contact part between the fake egg and the base is usually bonded with gypsum and cement, and cracks or extruded adhesives can often be found. Wipe gently with a wet cloth to remove the color of the bonded parts. Guizhou dragon fossil Guizhou dragon is a kind of marine reptile. Unlike dinosaurs, they lived in the Triassic period more than 200 million years ago. Produced in Guizhou Province. Guizhou dragon is a fossil preserved from bones. Generally, the real Guizhou dragon fossil specimen is used as a mold, and when it is forged. The material is gypsum or epoxy resin, and then models of different materials are made by molds. This model is very realistic. Finally, the model is glued to the real slate, and some slates are slotted and inlaid according to the shape of the model, so the simulation effect is better. Some also combine different models. These can be considered as fakes, creating patterns such as mating, dragon wall and symmetry. How to identify a specimen of a fake Guizhou dragon? There are no real fossils. First, all the designs mentioned above are wonderful and complete. Second, fake fossils stand out on the slate. Because it was formed by petrochemical and extrusion processes at the same time as slate, it should be kept on a horizontal plane. Real fossils are embedded in slate. Thirdly, there are often traces of loess covering on the edge where pseudofossils contact slate. Loess is used to cover up cracks and can be identified by wiping with water. Real fossils have no gaps. 4. The color of Guizhou dragon fossils tends to be black. The authenticity of fresh color fossils is worth considering. It is the same color as black shale or limestone. Five, the number of dragon necks in Guizhou is 20, and the number of vertebrae is also 20. 6. There are not many dragons in Guizhou. It's decreasing. There are fewer big ones. The average of Guizhou dragon fossils is about 1000 yuan. Be careful who is willing to pay a low price. Wolf fin fish fossil Wolf fin fish is a kind of hard-boned freshwater fish. Body length is 5~ 12 cm. Almost opposite to the position of the anal fin, with big eyes and a pig's back. The tail is orthomorphic and lived in the late Jurassic. The main producing areas are Liaoning and Hebei. Many of them are mass-produced in groups. As a common fish fossil, it is sold in large quantities in the market. A few dollars in Liaoning can buy a wolf fin fish, while the Beijing antique market costs tens or hundreds of dollars. There are many fish fossils found, and the price is relatively low. At the same time, it is difficult to fake fish fossils, and the technology of cartilage and fin simulation is very difficult. Therefore, it is rare to see completely fake fish fossils smeared with incomplete fish fossils. The method is to prepare a rusty red solution similar to the color of fish fossil bones. Generally, the most common thing is to draw the shape of fish bones and the outline of fish with a pen to supplement the missing parts in fossils. It looks complete, but in fact, many bones are painted with pen and ink. The way to tell the truth is to observe the color of the whole fossil or observe it carefully. But there are no traces of bones, and the colors in the paintings are particularly prominent. It looks like an airplane without any protrusion or bone feeling. For some especially intact or large-sized wolffin fish, in order to sell at a high price, the existing fins or fishbones are sometimes soaked in the solution and pasted without them. Fossil aquatic lizard The aquatic lizard is an aquatic reptile. Adult individuals are much bigger than Guizhou dragon, a bit like Guizhou dragon. The elderly can reach 1 meter or more. This kind of aquatic lizard was discovered only a few years ago. The shape is very realistic. Later, this kind of fake fossil increased from time to time, and the price suddenly fell. 1999 When a fake aquatic lizard appears, few people in the market can recognize it. It is more complicated to make people understand that it is false. After removing the silicone rubber model, select the specimen and make the model with silicone rubber film. Cut off the fossil bones with scissors to make holes in the fossilized parts. Crushed bone fossils are ground, and then a slate similar to marl is selected, covered with a silicone rubber model, coated with adhesive along the cavity, and the ground bone powder is screened off by a sieve, and the silicone rubber film is torn off after the bone powder adheres to the slate. The identification method is that although it is exactly the same as the original fossil, it lacks the bone luster that the bone should have, and there is no fine shape such as the joint part of the bone, and the color of the bone on it is exactly the same. /kloc-ancient bird fossils since the discovery of 7 species of bird ancestor specimens in Germany in the 0/9th century. Bird fossils from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous have appeared on the land in Liaoning, China, and few have appeared. At the end of the 20th century. The estimated number exceeds 1000 yuan. Because bird fossils are very valuable. He mistakenly thought it was a fossil of an ancient bird in Liaoning, and the fake was the Eight Immortals who crossed the ocean to show their magical power. Two years ago, an American paleontologist spent $80,000 to buy a fossil smuggled into the United States from Liaoning, China. He published an article in National Geographic magazine, which caused an uproar in academic circles all over the world and was later discovered by China scholars. This bird fossil specimen is an "artificial fossil" made up of Confucius bird fossils and red dragon (see photo). The method used by counterfeiters is to piece together some broken bird fossils into a complete specimen, which looks like all bone fossils, but it has no scientific research, collection and appreciation value. In addition, the method of counterfeiting is to defat and color the bones of rare birds such as chickens, pigeons and sparrows after processing. Experts can easily see the difference and insist that the original slate has been slotted. Modern birds are far more advanced than ancient birds in morphological development and evolution. For laymen, you can wipe the surface of black bone with cotton balls dipped in alcohol to see if it changes color. For example, decoloration can further look at the color of bones. Modern bones are pale in color and very dense in structure. Fossil rhinoceros rhinoceros is a kind of Chiroptera among mammals. Most of them are extinct. Fossil specimens of rhinoceros are sometimes seen in antique markets, which first appeared in Tertiary. The shape is so thick that laymen are easily fooled. Early forgers used modern cow heads for strong weathering. And make a "horn" or install a horn with white cement at the nasal bone, just like unearthed. It looks like the head of a rhinoceros. This kind of fake is obviously different from rhinoceros in form, and rhinoceros horn is also different in structure. The rhinoceros horn is filled with some hair cement, which is similar to solid, and its lower part has prominent rough scars. But the angle is hollow and there is no scar structure at the lower part. There is also a counterfeiter who turns the bone powder of rhinoceros fossil color into a model of rhinoceros skull or a rhinoceros skull of Labiatae. The teeth are all glazed with enamel, and then modern cow teeth are installed on the gums of the upper and lower jaws. Like a real rhinoceros skull. However, if you pay attention, you will find that this is a bone made of bone powder. There are no bone lines on it, which is particularly stiff and lacks the luster of bones. Beijing Panjiayuan Antique Market is available for sale, and several hundred yuan can buy other types of fakes: invertebrate sea lily fossils. Amber. Counterfeiters use rosin oil to pour modern flies, mosquitoes and other insects, especially the insects contained in insects, which are even more popular among collectors. There are many bubbles in amber.
Good luck and good luck!