Many countries have built a large number of cities and palaces. Palaces are all stepped buildings.
Taking the stepped tamping platform as the core
Build wooden houses layer by layer against the platform.
With the help of an earthen platform
Single-storey houses gathered together form an appearance similar to that of multi-storey buildings.
To meet the extravagant demands and defense requirements of the rulers. Since then, more cities and palaces have appeared in the Warring States period. Generally, the capitals of the Warring States period have two cities, big and small.
Dacheng is also called Guo.
This is a residential area.
It is a closed alley and a concentrated city; This town is Miyagi.
There are a lot of pavilions. At this point, the roof has been covered with thick blue tiles.
Ceramic railings and drainage pipes began to appear in the later period.
Ceramic drainage pipe unearthed in Yanxiadu, Hebei Province
From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period
China has the concept of integrated management of the built environment. Zhou Li's planning system of wilderness, capital, custom, township, city, city, mountain and temple.
Although it may not all be realized.
But at least it shows that there was a large-scale regional planning concept of systematic planning at that time. "pipe? An advocate of riding a horse.
"All the founding capital.
Not at the foot of the mountain
Must be above Guang Chuan. "
It shows that environmental relations must be considered in urban site selection.
Warring States architecture can be represented by Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Pingshan, Hebei. Although it is an unfinished mausoleum, the original planning intention can still be known from the copper plate trillion map unearthed from the tomb, that is, the cemetery planning map of this mausoleum. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum has a paddock, and at the same time, there is a big hall on the paddock. According to the giant map and ruins, the original shape of the restoration is surrounded by two circles of horizontal rectangular walls, inside which is a horizontal rectangular soil sealing platform. The center of Tainan Station is slightly prominent, with the east-west length of 3 10/0m and the height of about 5m. There are five square halls on the stage, dedicated to the king, two queens and two ladies respectively. The seating planes of the three middle seats, namely the king and the two queens, are 52×52 (meters) each; The left and right lovers' halls are slightly smaller, 4 1×4 1 (m), and the position is also slightly behind. The five enjoyment halls are all high-rise buildings with three layers of rammed earth platforms, and there is a platform with a height exceeding 1 m below the middle one, which is the most respected system, with a total height of more than 20 meters from the ground. There are four small yards behind the fence. The whole building is grand and symmetrical in scale, with Tang Wang, which is the highest on the central axis, as the composition center, and the back hall and lady's hall are lowered in turn, which makes the center stand out and the primary and secondary are more distinct. The group combination of architecture in our country mostly adopts courtyard-style inward layout, but some have strong extroverted personality. Although there is a wall in the tomb of Zhongshan, the tall buildings in the wall are towering above it, extending in all directions, and the extroversion character is very obvious. The earth sealing platform raised the height of the whole building, which can be seen from a distance. It is very suitable for the wilderness environment and has a strong memorial. It is an excellent architectural and environmental art design.
It is worth mentioning that the giant map unearthed in the tomb is the earliest known engineering map drawn by orthographic method in China (2300 years ago).
The earliest orthographic map in the world is the plan of the Egyptian pyramids 5000 years ago. Contrary to modern maps, the directions marked on the map are up, south and north. The characters on the map are Warring States characters, and all the linear symbols and text notes on the map are arranged in a symmetrical relationship, with strict layout. The dimensions in the figure are expressed in feet and steps, and the scale is about 1 to 500. This picture not only shows the drawing level at that time, but also tells people that the building at that time was built after the plane drawing was completed.
Architecture in Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period