Introduction to the scenic spots of Zhong Xiangming Tomb:
Ming Xianling Mausoleum is a national key cultural relics protection unit, located in Songlin Mountain in the eastern suburb of Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province. This is the mausoleum of Emperor Gong Hexian and Empress Zhang Sheng, the father of Emperor Jiajing of Shizong of Ming Dynasty, and it is the most distinctive royal mausoleum in China for thousands of years.
The Xianling Mausoleum was built in the 14th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (15 19) and completed in the 45th year of Jiajing (1566), which lasted for 47 years, with an enclosure area of 183. 13 hectares. The whole cemetery is feudal in two cities, and the outer Luocheng is more than 3600 meters long. Magnificent and magnificent, it is the most complete relic of the city wall among the tombs of emperors in China. The cemetery consists of more than 30 large buildings, such as Inner and Outer Luocheng, Qianbei Baocheng, Fangcheng Minglou, Lingsi Temple, Lingenmen, Shenchu, Linghu, Hu Jun, Jingu Palace Supervisor, Gongde Monument, New Hong Men, Old Hong Men, Inner and Outer Tang Ming, Jiuqu Yu He and Longshendao.
The uniqueness of the mausoleum is mainly due to the unique situation of one mausoleum and two mausoleums, which was formed by changing the mausoleum into the mausoleum, which is precious. The owner of the tomb _, Xing was king before his death and was buried in the mountain after his death. Since the death of Ming Dynasty in 16, Empress Dowager Cixi and Yang Tinghe, the master of records, followed the instructions of their brothers and sisters and ordered the promotion of Zhu Hou _, the eldest son of Wang, as emperor. The year number is Jiajing, and the post-Zhu Hou _ is self-reliant. The three-year-long imperial examination dispute was resolved by force. During this period, 17 people were killed by court aides, and 1 15 officials were imprisoned, paid, exiled and dismissed, thus completing their own Zhao Mu system. This important event is called great etiquette in history. Later, Jiajing Emperor Zhu Hou _ honored his father as the emperor of the last dynasty, changed the tomb of the king into a mausoleum, and began a large-scale reconstruction and expansion project until Jiajing died.
Xianling Mausoleum is the product of great etiquette in the early years of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty. It has unique planning layout and architectural technology, and plays a connecting role in the regulation of Ming Mausoleum. The golden vase-shaped Wailuocheng, Jiuqu River Royal River, Longlin Shinto, Qionghua Shuanglong glass screen, and the inner and outer Tang Dynasty are all isolated cases in the Ming Tombs. In particular, the mausoleum structure of one mausoleum and two mausoleums is unique among emperors' mausoleums in past dynasties. The two dumbbell-shaped underground Xuan palaces connected by Yao and Tai are unpredictable and have always amazed the world.
The planned area of Xianling Mausoleum is 1.83 hectares, of which the mausoleum covers 52 hectares. In this vast area, all the mountains, water systems and forest vegetation are uniformly laid out and arranged as the constituent elements of the mausoleum. The natural hills behind the mausoleum area are Zushan Mountain, which is the support of the mausoleum. The mountains on both sides are used for environmental protection. The buildings in the middle platform are arranged and the Jiuqu River winds. The hills in front are Pingshan Mountain, which constitutes the Feng Shui pattern of Qianzu Zhaku, HouXuanwu, Zuoqinglong and Youbaihu, and embodies the principle that the mausoleum system is commensurate with the landscape. At the southernmost tip of the mausoleum, there is a pavilion on Chunde Mountain with a square plane. This pavilion has been destroyed, and it has been used as a white marble monument. It is 3.59 meters high and 1. 15 meters wide, and it is written in three big characters: Chundeshan. The base, body, inscription and inscription are well preserved. In Tianzigang, east of Chunde, there is a pavilion with tortoise shells, commonly known as the mountain pavilion, which records the scope and management of the mausoleum.
There is a 6-meter-high, 1.6-meter-thick and 4,730-meter-long Wailuocheng, which looks like a golden vase. Due to the influence of the pond in front of Wailuocheng and the southeast sand mountain, a new red gate with a width of 18.5 m and a depth of 8 m was built at the top of Xieshan Mountain, with three holes in the gate body. There are two dismount monuments in front of the door, where all the officials who wrote letters dismounted. On the right side of Xinhongmen, an outer Ming pond is built according to the original natural pond, and there is a Sanyu Bridge behind it. Crossing the Royal Bridge is Zhenghongmen, with red walls and yellow tiles, resting on the top of the mountain, with a width of18m and a depth of 7.8m.. There are three holes in the ticket gate. In the middle of the entrance of Zhenghongmen, stands a tall Gong Rui Shengde Monument Pavilion, with a square layout, a width of 18.3 meters and an area of 334 square meters. It is a white marble pedestal, with a stone Sumi Mountain below, double eaves at the top and coupon doors on both sides, and is located in the center of Gongrui Shengde Monument (the first turtle of the dragon). There are three royal bridges 63 meters behind the exhibition hall.
Crossing the bridge is the most important tomb decoration building in the mausoleum area. In contrast, it is a white marble watchtower with a height of12m. Below it is a square sumeru with hexagonal columns. On the second floor, a corset cloud disk holds a cylindrical watchtower with a cloud pattern on it. Behind the watchtower is a group of stone statues, including lions, minks, sleeping camels, sleeping elephants, unicorns, horses and sleeping horses. There are two pairs of military commanders, a pair of civil servants and a pair of respected ministers, with vivid shapes and orderly arrangement. Followed by the Dragon Wind Gate, as a support for stone students, the Dragon Wind Gate is exquisitely designed. It is an arched building with six columns, three doors and four floors. A cloud disk is hung on the square column, and a lotus platform is covered on it. Each lotus pedestal is carved with a burning sphere and a stone pier. The square body is wood-like, with a forehead, a flower board, a supporting frame, and a doornail on the forehead.
From Longfengmen to Yuqiao, there is a 290-meter-long Shinto, which violates the principle of symmetry and straightness, and becomes a dragon-shaped Shinto. Solitaire Shinto is the last three bridges of the empire. Jiuqu River winds from northeast to southwest, with masonry structure. There are nine dams in the river according to the height difference. The last royal bridge across the Jiuqu River is Neimingchi, which is round, 33 meters in diameter and surrounded by bluestone revetment. On both sides of the pond, there is a pavilion, namely Chundeshan Pavilion and Wen Rui Pavilion. Behind the Inner Tang Ming is the _ En Gate, which is three rooms wide and two rooms deep. There is a platform, the first three clouds and the last three clouds, and there are glass screens on both sides of the door. The front of the screen wall is a flat branch pattern of green glass, and the back is a double dragon prancing, which means that the hidden dragon protects the life. _ On the east side outside Enmen, there are a god kitchen, a god library and a sacrificial pavilion.
On the west side, there are the imperial palace supervisor, the ritual and music straight room, etc. _ Behind Enmen, there is an annex hall on the left and right, five questions wide and two rooms deep, and a front porch. Then there is the Lingen Hall, which is a palace-style building with five rooms wide and four rooms deep. Before leaving the platform, there are Sumitomo's pedestal stone carvings, dragons and wind pillars. _ Behind the temple is the mausoleum gate, which is three rooms wide and has a brick glazed tile structure. Behind the tomb door is a two-column door. Now there are only stone pillars and dragon drums, and there is no wood structure. Behind the two pillars are five stone offerings, including the existing case offerings and some stone carvings. There is a tablet pavilion on each side of the case, namely "Imperial Sacrifice Tablet Pavilion" and "Imperial posthumous title Tablet Pavilion". After the confession, Fangcheng Minglou is located. The width and depth of Fangcheng are 22.2 meters. There is a ticket door with an imperial seal in front. There are royal steps on the left and right behind the door for going up and down. There is Amin Building on Fangcheng, which is17m wide and17m deep. It is located at the top of the mountain, with double eaves, stone base and four gates. Inside, the monument to the emperor's mausoleum, 4.69 meters high, was provided by Ming Zongrui.
Fangcheng is around, and the front and back treasure cities are connected. Qianbaocheng is oval, with a width of 1 12m from east to west and a length of 125m from north to south. Baoding is located in Baocheng, and Gong Xuan was built under Baoding in 15 19 (the 15th year of Zhengde). There is a crescent city between Baocheng and Fangcheng, which has a glass screen wall. The front and back Baocheng are connected by Yaotai. Yaotai is rectangular, with a width of 1 1.5m and a depth of 40.5m Houbao City is circular, with a diameter of1/0m. Inside is Baoding, and under Baoding is the underground Xuan Palace built in 1539 (the 18th year of Jiajing). In the Xuan Palace, there are coffins to congratulate the emperor and queen. There is a crescent city between Houbao City and Yaotai, with a glass screen inside. There are 16 water hyacinths hanging outward on the two treasure cities, with exquisite design and unique drainage system. There are Xianlingwei, Dongguoyuan, Xicaiyuan, Gengpu and Xunshanpu around the mausoleum area along Zushan, Dongxishan and Hanshan.
The original architecture and environmental features of Ming Xian Mausoleum are well preserved, with large scale, unique mausoleum structure and rich cultural connotation, which makes it a bright pearl in China Mausoleum.
With its unique environmental features, ingenious layout, magnificent building scale, rich underground treasures and its precious historical value, Xianling has been highly valued by national cultural relics experts. 1988, the State Council was declared as a national key cultural relic protection unit. 1999, in March, National Cultural Heritage Administration declared it as the only Ming Dynasty mausoleum to the United Nations World Heritage Committee. The World Cultural Heritage Committee of UNESCO recently voted to include Ming Xianling Mausoleum in Zhongxiang County, Hubei Province, China in the World Cultural Heritage Project.
Mr. Jean-Louis Lu Sen, an expert from the United Nations, was very surprised after visiting the apparition tomb. He called the Xianling Mausoleum the magical Ming Dynasty Mausoleum, and felt incredible about the Wailuocheng, which had been intact for 1 15 years. At the same time, the protection and maintenance of faeries are fully affirmed.