Who are the eight guardians who defend Sun Yat-sen?

Sun Yat-sen organized the League in 1905 and began the armed struggle against the Qing Dynasty. At this time, Sun Yat-sen did not equip himself with "guards", but he did have fellow villagers as bodyguards for him. For example, Zhuo Zhen, a native of Sanxiang, Xiangshan County, 1897 joined the Hui people in Zhong Xing. Because of his good health, kung fu, familiarity with Britain and France, he can drive a boat and become Sun Yat-sen's bodyguard. Since then, he has been attached. For example, Chen Xinghan, a native of Cuiheng Village, 1905 joined the League. When Sun Yat-sen organized an armed uprising, he was a bodyguard and a right-hand man. 19 12 was hired as the secretary of the interim president. After several failed uprisings in Guangdong, Sun Yat-sen had to flee overseas. At this time, the Qing court watched him and often sent assassins. Therefore, when Sun Yat-sen advocated revolution in Japan, Southeast Asia and the United States, he should really pay attention to his own safety. Inspired by Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary spirit and great personality, some overseas Chinese youths took the initiative to undertake Sun Yat-sen's escort work. Just to name two fellow villagers in Xiangshan: Liu Hanhua, a native of Xiangshan Shaxi, an American overseas Chinese, 19 10 joined the league in San Francisco and followed Sun Yat-sen ... When Sun Yat-sen gave a speech in the United States, Liu Ying followed the left and right protection and cared about Sun Yat-sen from his life. 19 15 returned to China to participate in the dragon drive uprising, and later served as Sun Yat-sen's guardian and lieutenant general of the National Government. Liu Jinhua, a native of Xiangshan Shaxi, is a Chinese American. 19 1 1 Join the League in San Francisco, USA. When Sun Yat-sen gave a speech in America, he often followed around with a gun for protection. Guardian of the interim president 1965438+2002 1 month, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took office as the interim president in Nanjing. At that time, Huang Xing was appointed as the Army Chief of Staff and Chief of Staff. He instructed Mr. Hong Chengdian to choose the guards of the presidential palace, and a * * * chose 40. Captain Wei is Guo, a native of Anhui and County. After abandonment, he joined Hong Men Society on 1895 and Zhong Xing Society on 1902 to carry out revolutionary activities. /kloc-joined the league in 0/908, 19 1 1 year participated in the battle to recover Shanghai and served as the captain of the death squad. On February 25th, 65438, Sun Yat-sen returned to China, and Guo was in charge of his security work. The following year 1 month, he was officially appointed as the captain of the retinue team of the temporary presidential palace. The heralds of the Presidential Palace are Xu Dekuan, Xu Dehui, Jiang and Tang Da. Lei Changduan from Shandong is the youngest of 40 guards. Because he is small and flexible, Sun Yat-sen likes him very much and renamed him "Lei Biao". Later, Lei Biao was transferred to Sun Yat-sen's personal bodyguard and followed him to 1922. Sun Yat-sen is approachable, virtuous and has no official position. He is a "civilian president". For a time, Sun Yat-sen was busy with state affairs and was in poor health. Lei Biao specially cooked some ginseng chicken soup for him. But Sun Yat-sen didn't answer. Instead, he said to him, "As soon as you come back from delivering the documents, have a drink to replenish your body first." This ginseng chicken soup left an unforgettable impression on Lei Biao. On April 1 day of the same year, Guo, the attendant, accompanied Sun Yat-sen and Secretary-General Hu, who had left their jobs, to hunt in Zijinshan, the eastern suburb of Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen praised the purple mountain for its good terrain, and Hu shared the same feeling: "Yes, there are photos in front, and the feng shui is good, which can be called a good cemetery." Dr. Sun Yat-sen nodded and smiled frequently: "When I die one day, I will be satisfied by begging the people for this cup of soil to put my body." Guo witnessed this wish of Sun Yat-sen before his death. Defender of the military government Sun Yat-sen During the movement to protect the country and protect the law, many young people took the initiative to follow Sun Yat-sen, and some became his defenders. 19 15 In the winter, Sun Yat-sen called on overseas Chinese to return to China to join the crusade against Yuan Shikai. Ruan Hansan, a native of Shaxi, Xiangshan County, was born in 1888. In his early years, he joined the Zhong Xing Association and the League Association, and in 19 1 1 he joined the Huanghuagang Uprising in Guangzhou. 19 15 returned from Honolulu to ask for Yuan, and followed Sun Yat-sen to the south to protect the law. 19 17 When the military government was established, Ruan Hansan was transferred to the military government guard to protect Sun Yat-sen. During this period, young overseas Chinese of Xiangshan nationality were Zhang Huichang and Fang Riying. In the future, they will all become lieutenant generals. Huang Huilong, a Taishan youth living in Canada, and Ma Xiang, a Taishan youth living in the United States, responded and returned to China to join the death squad against Yuan. After Yuan Shikai's death, Huang Huilong and Ma Xiang, who were skilled in martial arts, served as Sun Yat-sen's personal bodyguards and were called "left dragons and right horses". Later, he was awarded the rank of lieutenant general in the national government. At that time, dozens of Sun Yat-sen's guards were almost all Zhongshan people and Taishan people who came back from the United States and Canada. Of course, there are exceptions: Wei is a native of Hefei, Anhui Province, and participated in the Guangdong Army in his early years. 19 17. Sun Yat-sen established the military government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou, and Wei was recommended by the Guangdong Army to be a guard at Sun Yat-sen's base camp. On one occasion, on the way to escort Dr. Sun Yat-sen home, Wei's army horse suddenly ran off his horse, and Mr. Sun Yat-sen advised him to go back to his hometown for illness. Wei returned to Guangzhou after his recovery, and Sun Yat-sen sent him to the army so that he could develop better. Wei later became a second-class army general and an anti-Japanese star of the Kuomintang. 192 1 year, Sun Yat-sen took office as the non-permanent president of the government of the Republic of China in Guangzhou, and then raised the banner of protecting the law and organized a base camp to prepare for the Northern Expedition. There are more guards in the base camp, and it is inevitable that young people from Xiangshan will join us. Bom Yao was born in Zhangjiabian, Xiangshan County. Born in California, USA. Graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point. Join the league at an early age. Sun Yat-sen personally served as the captain of the guard. Li Qiu, a great philistine in Xiangshan, 192 1 went to Guangzhou to join the revolutionary army, and soon transferred to the presidential palace as a guard to work beside Sun Yat-sen ... Besides Xiangshan people, there are many people from other cities and counties guarding. For example, Qiu Kan, a native of Yangshan, Guangdong Province, became the personal bodyguard of President Sun Yat-sen on 1920. His active and responsible work won the appreciation of Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling, and he was appointed as the squadron leader of the guards. Lu Zhiyun, a native of Xinyi, Guangdong Province, served as the head of the secret service of the Presidential Palace (equivalent to the head of the security guard) 192 1 year. Lin Shuwei, a native of Xinyi, Guangdong, joined the army in the Presidential Palace 192 1. Accompanied by Sun Yat-sen are Tan Huiquan from Dongguan, Guangdong Province and Li Dongying from Dianbai, Guangdong Province ... The most brilliant achievement of the Grand Marshal Guard is to protect Sun Yat-sen and his wife from danger. On June 1922, Chen Jiongming defected and shelled the presidential palace. At that time, Sun Yat-sen and Soong Ching Ling were in an extremely dangerous situation. Lin Shuwei, Lu Zhiyun and Lin Zhiming, the secretary of the presidential office, urged Sun Yat-sen to leave, but Sun Yat-sen refused to leave first. Later, Lin Shuwei and others forced Sun Yat-sen to dress up. Even if the situation was extremely critical, Sun Yat-sen personally handed over 100 yuan to the guardian Leibiao for him to arrange. After leaving the presidential palace, Sun Yat-sen met the rebels many times. Fortunately, they passed safely and successfully boarded the Yongfeng ship. Under the command of Huang Huilong, Ma Xiang, Bom Yao and Qiu Kan, 62 guards fought against the rebels. When the guards rushed out from the back door with Mrs. Sun on their backs, Li Qiu opened the way ahead, was wounded in the left abdomen by bullets in the battle, and fell unconscious. Bom Yao was shot in the left foot. Li Dongying was also seriously injured. The guards fought bravely. Finally, Huang Huilong and Ma Xiang escorted Soong Ching Ling out of danger safely. After the incident, Qiu Kan recommended his brothers Qiu Shifa, Qiu Xixuan, Qiu You and others to Sun Yat-sen as Sun Yat-sen's personal guards, plus the previous handling right Qiu, a * * * seven presidential guards, which is probably unique in China and even the world! In addition, Liang Fan, a native of Sanshui, Guangdong Province, joined the Sun Yat-sen Guard. Guardian of Biyun Temple in Xishan 1925 March 12, Sun Yat-sen died in Beijing. Sun Yat-sen's body was temporarily placed in Biyun Temple in Xishan. Sun Yat-sen's guards are responsible for guarding the coffin. Tan Huiquan is the captain of the guard. 1928, Feng warlord Zhang Zongchang was defeated and wanted to destroy Sun Yat-sen's coffin. The awake Tan Huiquan was furious. In order to stop the barbaric acts of warlords, Tan Huiquan had to personally call on the young marshal Zhang Xueliang. Zhang Xueliang has always worshipped Sun Yat-sen and has a close relationship with Sun Ke. Zhang Shaoshuai condemned Zhang Zongchang to his face and stopped his behavior. Half a year later, Zhang was killed in Huanggutun on his way back to Beijing, and Sun Yat-sen's coffin finally escaped. 1929, the "Feng 'an Grand Ceremony" was held in Nanjing. Sun Yat-sen's body was placed in Nanjing, and Biyun Temple in Xiangshan became Sun Yat-sen's cenotaph. A large number of people left Biyun Temple at the wake, and some went to Nanjing. But the cenotaph is also inseparable from people, and Tan Huiquan and several guards resolutely stayed. 1July 7, 937, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out in an all-round way, and soon, Beijing fell. The national government is beyond its reach, and the money allocated to the left-behind personnel on schedule has stopped. Without economic resources, Tan Huiquan and other left-behind people fell into great poverty. Finally, Tan Huiquan is chivalrous and fearless, and his infatuation will not change. He and his family live silently in this desolate mountain, guarding the loneliness of the residual lamp alone. On one occasion, Okamura Ningji, the highest Japanese official in North China, came to Biyun Temple. At the door, facing the bright bayonets of Japanese soldiers, Tan Huiquan didn't step back. He argued that the Japanese no longer pestered the monument. 1956165438+10/2. On the 90th anniversary of Sun Yat-sen's birth, Premier Zhou came to Sun Yat-sen's tomb in Biyun Temple, Xiangshan, where Tan Huiquan had a wake for 36 years. Premier Zhou praised his loyalty to the liver and bravery, which won him better treatment. 196 1 year, the old man Tan Huiquan died in the post of guarding the cenotaph. Guardian of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum 1926, the construction of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing began. Sun Yat-sen's guards Huang Huilong, Ma Xiang and Liang Fan were appointed as supervisors. 1June, 929, Sun Yat-sen was buried in Nanjing Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Soong Ching Ling and his family, Chiang Kai-shek and all the important officials of the Kuomintang government attended the Feng 'an ceremony. After the ceremony, accompanied by bursts of military music, Liang Fan and seven other guards slowly approached the coffin, lifted the copper rings on both sides of the coffin and slowly entered the coffin bed. Then, they hung the coffin into the circular tomb with rope, walked to the bottom of the tomb through the copper ladder, and then moved the coffin away. After the burial of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, a guard consisting of 80 people guarded Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Huang Huilong and Ma Xiang successively served as guards of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. Liang Fan, Li Dongying and other guards stayed at Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. 1937, the Japanese invaders broke through two lines of defense in Shanghai and Suzhou; Chiang Kai-shek wanted to transport Sun Yat-sen's body to Chongqing. At that time, the engineer who designed the mausoleum thought that the mausoleum was relatively strong. If the coffin was moved again, it was afraid of damaging the coffin and the remains, and the coffin was not moved as expected. Later, considering that Japan was afraid of the pressure of world public opinion, the National Government did not dare to make a move on Sun Yat-sen's mausoleum. History has proved that this analysis is correct. On the eve of the Kuomintang's withdrawal from Nanjing, Lin Sen, chairman of the National Government, went to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and said to the guards, "The body of the Prime Minister cannot be moved. You should protect the tomb of the Prime Minister. " All 80 guards signed the oath of "sharing life and death with Ling". 1in the autumn of 937, Nanjing was in an emergency, and all the non-combat troops left Nanjing, leaving only 12 people to continue guarding the mausoleum, and the rest were incorporated into the troops of Tang Shengzhi, the commander of Nanjing city defense. Liang Fan and Li Dongying also moved to Chongqing five days before the Japanese occupation of Nanjing (165438+10.5), and returned to Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum in June 1946 after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. 1948 Ma Xiang left Hong Kong because he was dissatisfied with the Kuomintang authorities. 1949 On the eve of Nanjing liberation, Liang Fan, the director of the vault of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, received instructions from Chen Yi, commander of the People's Liberation Army, asking them to stand by and wait for the handover of the PLA troops. After the PLA crossed the river, it sent a company to Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, led by Guo Hao, deputy chief of staff and operational staff. At that time, the Gong Wei team headed by Liang Fan had not surrendered. Lao Guo recalled that the deputy chief of staff thought the light was too dark that day and wanted to open the window. Liang Fan immediately yelled at him and even pulled out his gun. Guo Hao sighed, "Liang Fan was just a man, a general who would surrender. Just because he felt that the deputy chief of staff had no respect for his husband, he planned to give his life. This loyalty and love for Dr. Sun Yat-sen is touching. " Later, Liang Fan, Li Dongying and other Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum guards, together with Guo Hao's People's Liberation Army Company, became Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum guards in the new China period. Conclusion Although many of Sun Yat-sen's guardians are from Xiangshan, most of them are people from all over the world who admire and follow Sun Yat-sen. From the aspect of "guardians", we can feel the charm of Sun Yat-sen's personality and the greatness of his spirit.