Wen Tianxiang, the champion of the Southern Song Dynasty, 1236, was born into a landlord family in Futian Village, Chunhua Township, Luling County, Jiangxi Province. His father loves reading, attaches great importance to children's learning, and tries to hire famous teachers to teach. Wen Tianxiang and his younger brother will read and write in a study full of aphorisms and talk about the past and the present.
18 years old, Wen Tianxiang won the first place in Luling Township School Examination. At the age of 20, he entered Bailuzhou Academy in Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi). In the same year, he chose Gong in Jizhou and went to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou) with his father to take the exam.
In the imperial examination, he pertinently put forward the "imperial examination strategy", put forward the reform plan and expressed his political ambition. He was praised by the examiner as "loyal to the monarch and patriotic as a stone", and was personally rated as the top scholar in 60 1 Jinshi by Emperor Li Zong. Four days later, his father died unfortunately, and Wen Tianxiang went home to mourn for three years.
Floating and sinking in the official ocean
Later, the Mongolian army attacked the Song Dynasty in two ways, and Meng Ge led the west road into Sichuan to attack Chengdu. Kublai Khan led the East Route Army, crossed the Yangtze River, and encircled Ezhou (now Wuchang) with another Mongolian army from Tanzhou (now Changsha) in northern Yunnan. Nanjing was shocked by the ruling and opposition parties. The eunuch Dong told him to avoid soldiers and move the capital to Siming (now Ningbo) so as to escape to the sea at any time. To this. As a scholar, Wen Tianxiang boldly wrote: "Your Majesty is the Lord of China, so you should protect China;" If you are the parents of the people, you should defend them. "Please cut dong to caress the people. Later, due to the death of Mongo, Kublai Khan wanted to go back to the north to compete for the position of Khan, and only let Jia Sidao, the right prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, secretly surrender to pay tribute and then withdraw his troops.
Jia Sidao turned to lie to the imperial court: "All sides won a great victory" and was named as defending the country and monopolizing power. Then acceded to the throne, indulge in debauchery, Jia Sidao deceives his superiors and deludes his subordinates, which is beneficial to the country. Wen Tianxiang played hydrophobic ignored, only was sent to a sinecure.
After more than ten years, Wen Tianxiang intermittently served as the director of Ruizhou, Jiangxi and Shangshu Zuo Silang, or more than half a year. Later, he was dismissed for mocking Jia Sidao.
Seeing the minister's loyalty in the face of national disaster
After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he changed his title to Yuan, and in A.D. 1274, he sent 200,000 troops to Lin 'an by land and water. The regime of the Southern Song Dynasty was in chaos and perished. The 4-year-old acceded to the throne as Emperor Gong. Queen Xie came to the DPRK and asked all localities to recruit soldiers to serve the king.
The following year, Wen Tianxiang, who was appointed as the magistrate of Ganzhou (now Ganzhou, Jiangxi), devoted all his resources to recruiting troops and organized 30,000 rebels within a few months, saying, "Justice is in me and I can do anything; With the confidence and courage to win by number, he began his military career. When the rebels arrived in Jizhou, Wen Tianxiang was appointed assistant minister of the Ministry of War and was ordered to stand by and stay in Longxing (now Nanchang, Jiangxi). After many twists and turns, he was admitted to Wei 'an. Soon he became the magistrate of Pingjiang (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and was ordered to help Changzhou. In Changzhou, the rebels fought hard, but the generals led by General Zhang Quan of Huai watched the fire from the other side first, and then ran away, resulting in the heroic sacrifice of all 500 rebel soldiers except four. In the winter of this year, Wen Tianxiang was ordered to rush to reinforce the chief customs of Lin 'an portal. Three days after leaving Pingjiang, he collapsed in Pingjiang. Before reaching the destination, Guan has fallen. I hurried back to Lin 'an, ready to fight to the death, only to see the civil and military officials of the Qing Dynasty abandon their posts and flee, leaving only six officials of the Wen class.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/276, Queen Xie insisted on surrendering. Yuan was appointed as the Prime Minister to go out of the city to discuss, and the Prime Minister Chen fled overnight. Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the right Prime Minister and Tang Dynasty envoy to make peace. In the negotiations, Wen Tianxiang was not afraid of the force of the Yuan Army, and publicly accused Bo Yan. He generously said that he wanted to resist Japan to the end, so he was detained and went to the north by boat. Wen Tianxiang went on a hunger strike at first, and then escaped from danger in Zhenjiang. Because the Yuan Army played a trick on me, it lied that Wen Tianxiang had fallen to the capital and returned to the south to earn cities and land for the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang was repeatedly suspected and displaced. He died for two months and went to Wenzhou. At this time, the court had surrendered, Emperor Gong was taken to Dadu (now Beijing), and seven people, including Lu Xiufu, acceded to the throne in the 30th year of Fu. Wen Tianxiang was called to Fuzhou as an envoy of the Tang Dynasty. At the same time, he commanded various armies, set up a government office in Nanjian Prefecture (now Nanping, Fujian Province), sent people to various places to recruit soldiers and raise salaries, and called on all places to arise and kill the enemy. In autumn, the Yuan army invaded Fujian, and Duanzong was forced to flee to the sea and drift in Guangdong by boat.
From 65438 to 0277, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Longyan and Meizhou (Meixian, Guangdong) and advanced into Jiangxi. Defeated the Yuan Army in Du Fu (now in the south of Jiangxi), captured Xingguo, and recovered Ganzhou 10 and Jizhou 4 counties. People's hearts were greatly boosted, and all parts of Jiangxi responded in succession. The national anti-Yuan struggle resumed, and Wen Tianxiang's order reached the Jianghuai area, which was the most favorable situation since he insisted on anti-Yuan. The main force of the Yuan Army began to attack Xingguo State-owned enterprises in Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was outnumbered and led the army to withdraw from the north. He was defeated by Luling and Hezhou (now Changting, Fujian), and suffered heavy losses. His wife and children were also taken away by the Yuan Army.
Be defeated and captured
1278 In the late spring, Duanzong died of illness. Lu Xiufu and others established a 6-year-old emperor, and the court moved to a tiny place on the sea more than 50 miles away from Xinhui County, Guangdong Province, and sealed Wen Tianxiang's letter. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, hoping to recruit soldiers and find new opportunities by relying on the risks of mountains and seas. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.
At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North. He was defeated and captured, and immediately committed suicide with borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who surrendered to Yuan, was rebuffed. Wen Tianxiang once wrote "Crossing the Ocean" and made it very clear: "Once hard work comes, the stars will fall in all directions. The mountains and rivers are broken and the wind is floating, and life experiences are ups and downs. The beach of fear says fear, and there is a sigh in the ocean. Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a glowing heart. "
Wen Tianxiang was forced to witness Lu Xiufu throw himself into the sea, and Zhang Shijie was swallowed up by the bad waves of the typhoon. The surviving small court of the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan, the general of the Yuan Dynasty, toasted Wen Tianxiang at the celebration banquet, saying, "The Song Dynasty is dead, and your loyalty and filial piety are over. If the prime minister can do things for the Yuan Dynasty, won't you become the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty? " Wen Tianxiang said; "The death of the country cannot be saved, and the death of the minister deserves it. Can you still be afraid of death and betray the motherland? "
Who can blame for this hatred?
On April 22nd, Wen Tianxiang was taken to Dadu, where he was "weathered the storm and lost his life". When passing by his hometown in Wen Tianxiang, he was afraid that some folks would rob the boat, so he locked his neck and feet in the boat. Wen Tianxiang fasted for eight days, because he heard that the ship was going to dock at Jiankang, which aroused the hope of escape and restored his diet. In terms of health, Wen Tianxiang, who was strictly isolated and imprisoned, wrote: "Chun Qing, a bronze sparrow, shed tears in autumn. Who can blame for this snow? " ? Open firm but gentle, bullfighting empty recognition Qi Jie ".
/kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, he was transferred to Wanli and sent to Dadu by Wen Tianxiang. He was taken to the "Huitong Pavilion" to receive the surrenders and placed in a noble room with delicious food and wine. The first person to surrender was Liu, who, together with Wen Tianxiang, was the top scholar and prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty. When Lin 'an was in danger, he abandoned his official position and fled. After being relegated to the Yuan Dynasty, he became the minister of rites in the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang sharply reprimanded Liu as soon as he saw him, so Liu had to step down awkwardly. Then, Zhao Ji, the 9-year-old monarch of the Southern Song Dynasty, came again. Wen Tianxiang kept silent after repeatedly saying "Please go back to Shengjia".
Later, Ahema, the overbearing prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, came and asked Wen Tianxiang, "Why didn't you kneel when you saw the prime minister?" Wen Tianxiang said, "Why did the Prime Minister of the Southern Dynasty kneel when he saw the Prime Minister of the Northern Dynasty?" When Ahema saw that Wen Tianxiang was mighty and unyielding, he sarcastically said, "Then why are you here?" Wen Tianxiang replied sternly: "If the Southern Dynasties had used me as prime minister earlier, northerners would not have reached the South, and South Renye Fang would not have come to the North." . Ama was speechless, looked around with a bully is always coward, and said; This man's life or death is up to me. Wen Tianxiang immediately interrupted him and roared, "People who have perished want to punish them. Not what you can say! " .
Occasionally, I have no conscience.
A month later, Wen Tianxiang was taken to the Privy Council, where he met Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang stood poised, and immediately an official shouted, "Get down on your knees!" Wen Tianxiang refused to kneel down, and Ba Luoling sent his officers to kneel down according to Wen Tianxiang. Despite the combination of a group of pawns, Wen Tianxiang sat down on the ground in despair after being dragged, and never gave in. The translator sent a message: "What do you have to say?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "I am loyal to the Song Dynasty, so I am today. Please deal with it quickly! " Kyle Poirot added, "You have lost the king (Evonne). Two kings were established successively. What is a loyal minister? " Wen Tianxiang replied: "The country is important and the monarch is light." Kyle Poirot asked again, "What have you achieved?" Wen Tianxiang replied: "Do your duty as a courtier for a day and reward your merits!" He said, "Now only one person has died, so please stop talking!" Kyle Poirot shouted, "If you die, I won't let you die. I want to lock you up! " Wen Tianxiang replied in awe: "I am not afraid to die for my country, but I am also afraid of being detained!"
The ruler of the Yuan Dynasty put him in an evil prison and tortured him for three years, which made him read the letters of his captured wife and daughter who worked as a maid in the Yuan Palace and made his demoted brother visit him in the prison. However, driven by all kinds of torture, inducements and affection, Wen Tianxiang was totally unmoved. He wrote the Song of Benevolence and Righteousness with awe, praising the immortal achievements of historical figures, and expressing his ambition of "being heavy and corrupt, being heavy and immortal, and being a theory of life and death".
One day, Kublai Khan personally persuaded him to surrender, saying, "If you can treat me like you did in the Song Dynasty, I will make you Prime Minister at once." Although Wen Tianxiang was injured in the kneecap by the guards with a golden hoop, he stood upright as cool as a cucumber and replied, "There is no other way but to die." The next day, Wen Tianxiang was killed at the age of 47.