Arowana-Origin History
Turning to the origin history of arowana, its origin history is much earlier than the dragon in our ideas. As early as 345 million years ago, the families of these slave families Osteoglo-ssidae were already active in Gondwana waters! Later, with the crustal movement on the earth, Gondwana ancient continent was torn into several large pieces! Formed today's "new continent" such as America, Africa and Australia. , and bone tongue fish naturally scattered things. The reason why arowana is labeled with adjectives such as ancient or living fossils is not entirely because of its age. In fact, arowana belongs to the most evolved true bone net. Chondroid fish are mostly primitive in classification, which is ancient because it has many anatomical features that only primitive fish have, the most obvious of which is the structure of its mouth.
Gold Arowana
Gold Arowana
The discovery of this fish began at 1829, in the Amazon basin of South America, and was named by American ichthyologist Dr. Vandell. 1933, a French ichthyologist, Dr. Belugalan, discovered red arowana in Saigon, Vietnam. 1966, French ichthyologists Bran and Doberton discovered another kind of arowana in Phnom Penh. Later, experts and scholars from some countries discovered other arowana species in Vietnam, Malaysia Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka Island, Borneo and Thailand, so they divided arowana into arowana, orange arowana, arowana, white arowana, arowana, arowana and black dragon fish. The real introduction of aquarium as ornamental fish began in the United States in the late 1950s, and it was not until the 1980s that it gradually became popular all over the world. Because of its two beards, shiny scales and ancient life experiences, people naturally associate it with the mysterious dragon and call it "arowana". Arowana is regarded as a sacred fish in Southeast Asia, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and places where overseas Chinese are concentrated. It can be raised as a feng shui fish in Wang Jiazhen, especially arowana, which was listed as a class A protected animal by the Washington Wildlife Protection Treaty in 1980. In Hongkong, Macau and Taiwan Province, the price of one-stop fish is more than one million yuan, which is regarded as a symbol of family wealth and status.
Arowana-native species
Arowana is found in Asia, South America, Australia and Africa. Its main varieties are Red Dragon, Orange Red Dragon, Bai Jinlong, Red-tailed Golden Dragon and Blue Dragon. Produced in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand in Southeast Asia, Silver Dragon, Black Dragon, Walrus and Star Dragon in Africa, South America and Australia. Generally speaking, Australopithecus, also known as Australopithecus, is 40 to 50 centimeters long. Strong adaptability to water quality, easy to raise, and low price, but the breeder does not.
Gold Arowana
Red-tailed arowana
More; Qinglong, also known as Qingjinlong, has a body length of 60 cm and a strong physique, and does not require high water quality; The length of silver dragon 1 m is cheap and easy to maintain. The black dragon is about 1 meter long, which is expensive and difficult to raise. Jinlong, also known as Yellow-tailed Jinlong, is about 60 cm long and has high ornamental value and price. The red-tailed golden dragon is about 69 cm long and has a high price. The price of young fish only 10 cm to 12 cm long is more than RMB 1000 per fish. Red dragon, listed as the first-class protected animal in the world, is about 60 cm long. Like the giant panda in China, it is the most expensive freshwater ornamental fish. It is understood that arowana and arowana are popular in China, among which red dragon and golden dragon with back are rare species.
Arowana-morphological characteristics
The main feature of this family of arowana is that its swim bladder is reticulate and often has suprabranchial organs Arowana's whole body glows with blue light, and the round scales glow pink after being irradiated by light, and each fin also presents various colors. Different arowana have different colors. For example, the young red dragon fish in Southeast Asia has small red scales and white in the red. In adulthood, the edge of gill cover and gill tongue are crimson, and the scales are shining. Fish scales, snouts, gill covers, fins and tails are all red in different degrees. It is subdivided into orange, pink, crimson and blood red. The scales of Huang Jinlong, Bai Jinlong and Qinglong are golden yellow, white gold and cyan respectively, and the ones with purple spots are the most precious. As the name implies, a golden dragon with a back can cover its whole body on its back. Handsome figure, wide scales, blue background and bright golden frame show the invincible British style of the golden warrior, and the pure gold on its gill cover reveals a gorgeous and rich atmosphere. It is difficult to distinguish the appearance of adult fish between black dragon fish and silver dragon fish. The scale of the silver dragon is huge, pink and semi-circular, and the color of the fish is golden yellow.
Gold Arowana
Gold Arowana
Blue, blue, cyan, sparkling; The black dragon is similar in size to the silver dragon, and the adult fish is slightly silver, but when it is slightly older, it tends to be black with purple and cyan and gold stripes. The black dragon scales are a little darker. The difference is that in adolescence, the body is slightly black and there is a yellow line passing through it. When the fish is an adult, the black gradually fades, the scales gradually turn silver, and the fins turn dark blue, almost the same shape as the silver dragon. After becoming a fish, the whole fish looks silver, but when it grows up, it tends to be black with purple-blue and gold stripes. The fish has obvious black body lines in the juvenile stage, and the yolk sac hangs under the pectoral fin, so Hong Kong people call it black dragon spit pearl. Young and adult red dragon fish are slightly different. The scales of young fish are small, white and reddish, but those of adult fish are different. The gill cover has a crimson edge, a red tongue and shiny scales. The edge color of Huang Jinlong scales is golden; Platinum-like platinum Long Lin; The scales of Qinglong are blue, and some of them are the most precious purple patches. Its size is shorter than other kinds of arowana, and its lateral line is particularly exposed. Scales and scales are thick and can be propagated by artificial propagation. There are two kinds of arowana in Australia and New Guinea: spotted arowana and spotted arowana. They are small in size, sharp in mouth, golden in color with silver in the middle, with half-moon scales and a little Phnom Penh on their cheeks. Green arowana, also known as Singapore arowana, has a round head and a not too sharp mouth. The gill cover of the mature green dragon is bright silver, its lateral scales are transparent with blue spots, the scale frame is not obviously pale pink, and the three fins on its back are brown with gray blue. The scales on the 4th and 5th lines emit elegant light blue light. The best quality dragon has a light purple tone in the center of the scale.
Arowana culture
Arowana can live for about 18 years, and their growth and maturity take a long time. Generally, it takes 6- 12 years for females and 5- 16 years for males to reproduce. In nature, arowana will hatch eggs in its mouth when it breeds. After hatching, the male will look after the young. When the enemy attacks or is frightened, the parent fish will hold the larvae in their mouths until the danger passes. This will continue until the larvae can feed themselves. Not all arowana can be in the aquarium.
Gold Arowana
Red dragon
Breeding, unlike arowana. At present, the main varieties of arowana cultured in the aquarium are silver dragon, red dragon, Qinglong, Australian arowana and so on. Before spawning, the two arowanas began to stop eating, and the abdomen of the female fish began to increase a lot. At this time, arowana sometimes sticks its tail tightly together, or lies close to each other's back. Sometimes the environment changes, arowana is frightened, and arowana even eats all the eggs. Arowana spawning in an aquarium is definitely different from spawning in a natural river. The aquarium should be kept in a quiet environment, using lights, about 8: 00 ~ 2 1: 00. The spawning time is during the day. The eggs laid by arowana are orange, with a diameter of 12 ~ 15 mm, like a marble shining with dazzling golden light falling from the fish. Not much eggs are laid, and even fewer hatch. Arowana is a kind of oral fish. When the females lay eggs, the males immediately put them into the population. 1 fish can lay about 40 ~ 50 eggs a day. The female lays eggs, but the male can't hold so many. Female fish will immediately feel these eggs and start swallowing them into the population, which is why arowana hatches so few young fish. When the female fish thinks that the male fish can't hold so many eggs, she will swallow the eggs in her mouth, which will protect the fish eggs for a few hours or so, and then she will eat the eggs in her stomach. After the male fish put the eggs in his mouth, his mouth often twists or shakes the faucet to balance his body. At this time, the female fish acts as a guard, and it spreads its pectoral fins horizontally to form a unique defensive posture. Arowana is a female fish that lays eggs. The male fish hatches and the female fish defends it. In about 60 days, the larvae will start to run in and out of the male's mouth, about 5 ~ 6 cm. This movement in and out will last from about 60 days after delivery to about 90 days. In this kind of culture, arowana stopped eating for too long, and its physical strength was too great, which did great harm to arowana, but some arowana could not recover and died. At present, China still depends on imports. In the natural waters of South America, a large number of sexually mature arowana nest at the bottom of the river and hatch a large number of arowana.
Arowana-purchase
Buy high-grade arowana, because of the high price, the current market price is chaotic, especially the red dragon first; Aolong is also introduced by a large number of operators, and the price gap is quite large; Red-tailed Jinlong has different grades and different prices, so pay more attention when purchasing. Generally speaking, the beauty standards of arowana are summarized as follows:
Gold Arowana
Snow dragon, all kinds of silver dragons
1. color: appreciate the color of arowana according to its variety. Of course, the brighter the better.
2. Body shape: The body shape should be wide, proportional to the size of all fins, head and eyes, with a little slope from head to back, and the whole arowana body shape should look very smooth and smooth. The proportion of each part should be symmetrical and gorgeous.
3. Scales: Scales should be flat and tidy, scales should be clearly distinguished from scales, and sorting should be flat and smooth, and there should be no scales of different sizes. The color should be bright and match the variety color, and there should be no other mottled spots.
4. Beard: Long and straight. The tentacles of arowana are very similar to those of the legendary dragon. Without them, it is not authoritative enough. The length and width of the tentacles must be equal, and they should be straight and the color should be consistent with the color of the body.
5. Fins: Fish have pectoral fins, dorsal fins, caudal fins and gluteal fins. The fins of all parts should be large and open, and the pedicels should be smooth and not twisted. Each fin must be intact, not damaged or curled, and its size must be proportional to its length and height. When swimming, you should be able to stretch completely and neatly, showing a perfect arc.
6. Gill: The gill cover of arowana is like a face. The gill cover must be close to the head, and the gill cover membrane should be placed flat on the fish. It looks smooth and supple and conforms to the figure, and there can be no protrusions and depressions. When the gill cover breathes, the closing action should not be too obvious, and the breathing on both sides is normal and the frequency is slow and consistent. The gill cover should match the radian of the fish, the soft part of the edge of the gill cover should be flush with the fish, and the gill cover should have appropriate color and brightness.
Gold Arowana
Gold Arowana
7. Eyes: Eyes are a very important part of arowana, which is equal to spirit. Arowana's eyes must be the same size, not too big, with moderate proportion and symmetrical position, and can't go up and down. The lens part of the eyeball should look clear and transparent, and it should not be turbid. Look at things naturally and flexibly. To be bright, there is no need to look down.
8. mouth: kiss. The mouth of arowana should be upturned, tightly closed, without gaps, and the upper and lower jaws should be symmetrical to each other. The chin must not have prominent phenomena and fat (meat pieces formed by the friction of water tank glass).
9, teeth: to be neat and fine, do not have defects and discoloration.
10, anus: it should be flush with the belly of the fish and cannot protrude.
1 1, swimming posture: slow and generous, smooth turn. The swimming style of arowana presents the momentum of the king and is also the most attractive place. Pay attention to whether it swims smoothly and turns smoothly.
Arowana breeding environment
1, water quality: feeding arowana needs weak acidic soft water. Generally, the tap water of rivers is weakly acidic, which is soft water suitable for arowana. But tap water
Gold Arowana
Young arowana
It contains chlorine or fluorine, which is harmful to arowana and even leads to death. Therefore, when raising arowana, you must store the water for 1 ~ 2 days or bask in the sun for half a day, so that the dissolved chlorine or fluorine in the water will disappear by itself. You can also add a very small amount of baking soda to the water to decompose chlorine. If tap water, well water and underground mineral water are used, the hardness may be high. One third or half of boiling water or distilled water should be added to reduce the hardness of water. The old water that keeps arowana for a long time in the fish tank will generally become hard water due to evaporation, so it should be softened in time. The easiest way to soften water quality is to boil water to remove impurities, or filter it with ion exchange resin filtration equipment.
2. Water temperature: It is best to keep the water temperature at 24℃ ~ 26℃, especially for raising silver dragons and black dragons, and the water temperature needs to be raised to 28℃ ~ 30℃. Arowana is very sensitive to the sudden increase or decrease of water temperature, which easily leads to nervous system shock, absorption interruption and death. To raise arowana, we must strictly control the constant water temperature. Especially for arowana in aquarium, the temperature difference between new and old water should not exceed 2℃ when changing water, and new water must be used to injection and dispersion when injecting. When the arowana is transported to the new environment for culture, it should wait about 15 minutes, and then put the fish in when the water temperature of the carrying container is close to the water temperature of the new stocking environment.
3. Oxygen: There are two main sources of dissolved oxygen in water, one is the product of photosynthesis of aquatic plants; The second is to dissolve directly from the air. The dissolved oxygen in water is continuously decomposed and consumed by residual bait, fish excrement and dead leaves of aquatic plants. Therefore, all kinds of filth in aquaculture ponds and aquariums should be cleaned up in time. In order to ensure that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the pool or aquarium, oxygen increasing equipment should be provided. In addition, the consumption of dissolved oxygen in water is closely related to the stocking density of arowana. The optimum stocking density of arowana is 20 cm in length and 50 cm in water depth, and 5 m2 of water surface can be stocked with 15, and 15 m2 can be stocked with 30. With the expansion of water surface, stocking density can be increased appropriately. Gold Arowana
Adult red-tailed arowana
4. Illumination: Fish need moderate illumination during their growth, and it is best that sunlight can reach the feeding water surface twice a day in the morning and evening for 3 to 4 hours each time. The light is too dim, the arowana is dull, the appetite is poor, and the color is dim; If the light is too strong, swimming will be abnormal and even bubble disease will appear.
5. Management of fish tank feeding: Arowana is large, and the length of fish tank should exceed 120cm. At the same time, ultraviolet sterilization should be installed to prevent diseases. The filter must have a heating rod and a lamp tube. Aquarium must be equipped with air pump, which can not only increase dissolved oxygen in water, but also drive out carbon dioxide with excessive concentration in water. In order to prevent arowana from jumping out of the water when it is frightened, the aquarium must also be covered. The water quality of the aquarium should be changed at least once every three days, and the amount of water changed each time is 1/4 ~ 1/3. If the fin falls off, it may be caused by too much fresh water. As long as you stop changing water immediately, you can recover slowly.
6, feed: Arowana eats too hard and will hit a certain angle in the cylinder, causing injuries. It is best to feed in the middle of the fish tank when feeding. Arowana is a carnivore, and its recipes are mostly frogs, loaches, crickets, goldfish, grasshoppers and shrimps. There is a problem of adding color in breeding, such as red dragon. Feeding red arrow or shrimp will add color to the red dragon, because both red arrow and shrimp contain red pigment. /kloc-arowana below 0/2cm
Gold Arowana
Young fish have just started eating raw bait. At this time, you can feed them with more palatable bait such as white bread worm, shrimp (the head and tail must be removed, and it is best to peel them into shrimp balls to avoid hard shells hurting the stomach) and blood worms. Eat less and eat more meals, four times a day. The arowana around 1.5 cm can be fed with normal breadworms and shrimps (shrimps should be removed from the shrimp sword), or with small fish around 1.5 cm. At this time, arowana grows rapidly and eats an amazing amount. The feeding times and the feeding amount can be appropriately increased. Arowana above 20 cm can be fed with larger bait such as fish, shrimp, loach and meat. You can also feed live baits such as various insects, which are arowana's favorite food, but be careful not to pollute these baits. In addition, the internal organs, especially the liver, are not suitable for feeding arowana, and too much fat will cause arowana disease. Goldfish is not a good bait in live bait. Studies have shown that almost all infectious diseases or parasites infected by arowana, which eats goldfish exclusively, are infected by goldfish when they are kept in small fish tanks. It is best to use beef with less fat as artificial bait. Of course, if conditions permit, you can buy special bait for arowana. However, arowana will be unaccustomed to artificial feed at first, and it needs artificial bait training.
Arowana-disease control
Gold Arowana
Gold Arowana
There are two reasons for the onset of arowana: First, improper feeding and management. If the water quality is not clean; Too much new water; Improper feeding; Trauma was caused during the operation. Second, it is not suitable for breastfeeding. Such as: sudden climate change; Bacterial infection; Acid rain causes water quality changes, etc. From the appearance, a healthy arowana must have a straight dorsal fin, sparkling ventral fins, sparkling scales and dazzling gold and silver. When swimming, the fin tail likes to flex, and the gill cover opens to a certain extent; Sick fish, with dull body color, slow swimming, tilted tail fin, floating gill cover, drooping eyes and no spirit. The common diseases of arowana are as follows:
1, anchorage disease. Parasites about 65438±0cm long can be found in sick fish. At the initial stage, the fish appears uneasy, loses appetite, and the parasitic parts of the worms are red, swollen and bleeding, which can lead to tissue necrosis in severe cases. The cause of the disease is that goldfish is used as live bait for a long time, and goldfish brings anchor worms into the water body where arowana is raised. Its control measures: feeding other meat animals as bait instead; Soak fish in 5 ~ 10 ppm potassium permanganate once a day.
2. Water model. In sick fish, it is surrounded by fibrous water mold, and hyphae are attached to skin tissue. After the fish got sick, they were inactive in swimming, lost their appetite and gradually died. The cause of this disease is the result of aquatic mold infection. Main preventive measures: soak the wound in 12% saline for about 15 minutes; 2. Dissolve 3g borax in 10 liter of water, soak the fish for 5 minutes, and then move it into clean water to recuperate; 3 Sprinkle 0.5ppm malachite green on the whole pool. Gold Arowana
Red dragon
3. White spot disease. The main symptom is that the diseased fish is covered with white spots all over the body, like spreading white powder, and in severe cases, it is like covering the fish with a milky white film. The cause of the disease is caused by the parasitism of melon worms on fish. Main preventive measures: 1 spraying 0. 1 ~ 0.2 ppm mercurous nitrate in the whole pool; 2 Sprinkle 500ppm copper sulfate and 500ppm magnesium sulfate on the whole pool water.
4. Scale erosion. The first scale frame of arowana scales began to peel off and gradually dissolve, and it felt like a giant tooth as a whole, and then the small holes in the lateral line gradually became larger, which would lead to plaque erosion in severe cases. If the corroded part is not treated in time, it will easily lead to secondary bacterial infection, and the scale gap and scalp will also be seriously festered. The main cause of the disease is improper water quality management, which will not cause the disease if it is put in old water for a long time. This disease is most common in Jinlong whose back is sensitive to water quality, and there are also a few cases of infection in Red Dragon. Main prevention and control measures: antibacterial drugs can be used to inhibit fungal infection. However, it is impossible for fish's defective scales to remain intact after being cured. At this time, the defect can only be removed by anesthesia to make it grow again. However, there is one thing that needs special attention. It is not allowed to remove all scales at one time, and it needs to be done several times, that is to say, only 12 pieces can be removed at one time, and the next operation will be considered after it grows completely. During the treatment, the best nutrition should be provided to the fish as much as possible.