Tombs before Ming and Qing Dynasties are difficult to distinguish on the surface of the cemetery, so we must pay special attention to the development of bulldozing. Dusty sand tombs in Ming and Qing dynasties; Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many earthen pit tombs and brick chamber tombs. Most of the funerary objects are wooden coffins, as well as urn coffins, pottery coffins, sarcophagus and sarcophagus. For various reasons, after burial, some people dug up the body of the deceased and put it in coffins or clay pots, and moved it to other places for burial, commonly known as relocation burial, also known as secondary burial. Most of its burial utensils are clay pots, commonly known as bone altars.
There are many funerary objects in the grave. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of them were buried with household utensils and production tools, and some of them were specially used as funerary objects, such as pottery houses, pottery stoves, pottery pieces and pottery pigs unearthed from Han tombs. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, thin burial prevailed, with few funerary objects, mainly jade, gold and silver ornaments.
The biggest feature of Ming and Qing tombs is the folk stone carving culture that shows the layout of tombs. Stone carving culture reflects the cultural connotation and ingenuity of different styles of social customs and folk crafts in different dynasties, and is a precious carrier material for the integration of material culture and intangible culture. First, historical witness, such as epitaph, records the owner's name, birthplace, deeds, career, marriage, relatives and friends, funeral and so on. Many of them were written by famous artists, calligraphers, writers and historians. For example, the tombstone of Mrs. Li Zhao Tairu in Xitang New Village is the work of Chen Changqi, a famous calligrapher in Jiaqing period of Qing Dynasty and one of the main editors of Siku Quanshu. Su Epitaph, which was commented by Hanlin in Qing Dynasty, is the work of He Simao, a proté gé of Liu Yong, a famous scholar, during the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. These epitaphs are ornate in stone carving, exquisite in calligraphy, refined in words and rich in content, which have high ornamental and academic value. Second, exquisite handicrafts, stone carvings of Xuwen's tomb, have a specific taste. It combines works of art from Jiangxi, Minnan and Leizhou in one furnace. The stone carving has exquisite artistic foundation and production skills, exquisite carving skills, skillful knife cutting, smooth lines, decent punching, vivid and vivid images, profound and touching meanings, and strong imagination and visual impact.
Tombs in Ming and Qing Dynasties absorbed the layout of ancient geomantic theory in southeast China, incorporated ancient customs into the cemetery construction, and advocated the atmosphere of "courtesy when things are done, ritual burial after death, and ritual sacrifice" of the ancients. Adopt the combination standard of folk grave builders. From the entrance of the "tomb court" to the depth of the "hand", the layout is three steps and Tai Chi. , depending on the number of posts in front of the tomb, the more posts, the larger the cemetery. For example, the railing in front of the tomb has ten watchtowers, and the layout of the four watchtowers has three pillars.