With the rapid increase of population in modern cities, Qingdao, Shenyang, Harbin and other cities, due to the dense population, the original single-family family living alone has become a compound where dozens of families live. Compared with the past, the style and structure of this kind of buildings have not changed obviously, but they have deteriorated obviously due to the high building density and poor sanitary conditions. The changes of folk houses in the late Qing Dynasty are not only manifested in appearance, but more importantly, their architectural structure has undergone a breakthrough change. In the past, all the buildings in China were built with wooden bones and mud walls, with wooden frames as the main body. The wooden frame is very convenient to use and build, and the decoration basically does not affect the main structure. However, the wooden structure building has obvious shortcomings, such as flammability, low bearing capacity and difficulty in building high-rise buildings. In the case of dense population in modern cities, the new situation of building development to high-rise buildings is difficult to meet the needs. /kloc-After the middle of 0/9th century, brick-wood mixed structure buildings appeared. This kind of building overcomes the fact that the wooden frame can't develop higher. The technology of masonry load-bearing wall, wooden frame floor and herringbone wooden frame is adopted, which has simple technology and convenient materials, and is suitable for new factories, schools, shops and houses. The sixties and seventies of the late Qing Dynasty. Brick-wood mixed structure realized a revolution of the main building in the late Qing Dynasty, and introduced a series of architectural representatives such as Shanghai Jiang Customs in the 17th year of Guangxu and Beijing Hotel in the 26th year of Guangxu. During this period, high-grade apartments, garden houses and other houses mostly used brick-wood mixed structure. Western-style houses appeared as early as before the Opium War, and the Portuguese had already built western-style houses in Macao. In the eyes of China people, it is easy for foreigners to manage their own houses. The three floors are stacked on top of each other, embroidered with green windows and covered with treasures. Say Hangzhou. After the war, westerners established concessions at trading ports, which were also towering pavilions, clouds, cornices and painted buildings, and blue thresholds and bead curtains. WANG Tao: Speaking of Hangzhou, page 59, architectural history of China. Under the influence of western high-rise buildings, China people also began to build western-style or semi-western-style houses, showing a trend of imitating western-style houses. Deng Linze Ji Xu? The diary said: Gardens and pavilions in the late Qing Dynasty were also western-style buildings, and the capital was almost everywhere. In Tiandang, Xiaoyanglou gradually replaced the quadrangles in the north and became a new trend of local residential buildings. In Hankou, there are magnificent houses and many tall buildings. Xu huandou: roaming with records, p. 13, 19 15. There is also a new form of residential architecture called Lane. Many of these alleys are two-story buildings with straight and spacious passages in the middle, and the uniform landscape is in sharp contrast with the ancient alleys. In Shenyang, the architecture is magnificent, learning from the west, so the buildings are dense, the sky is high and the clouds are beautiful, stretching for dozens of miles, and heading for the world competition, 97 China Customs History. In Qingdao, most houses in the city are European-style buildings. Yuan Ronglao: Hankou Xiao Zhi? Business magazine, page 72. In Hangzhou, there are many villas near the West Lake, and most of them are western-style buildings. Tsui Hark: Volume 1, Fengtian Tongzhi, page 10. At that time, the interior furnishings of villa buildings were also exquisite in style. Not only do hotels advertise that all electrical appliances are modeled after European and American styles, but people also use western-style furniture in their rooms. Once upon a time, Shanghai had nothing but elm utensils, porcelain bottles and copper pots, which made people feel very decent. Nowadays, the mahogany houses in Shanghai are very unusual. You must have an iron bed, a leather sofa, an electric lamp and an electric fan to feel comfortable. The ninth edition1965438+August 9, 2002. There are more and more people using western-style furniture in Beijing, so that many western-style wooden furniture factories have been opened in various places since the Republic of China. Some wealthy families have western-style living rooms, all equipped with western-style furniture, which are specially used to receive foreigners or new people. With the improvement of building technology all over the world, more advanced steel reinforced concrete structures have emerged.
After the late Qing Dynasty, steel, cement, machine-made bricks and tiles, glass-ceramics and building hardware all became emerging and promising industries. At the same time, paying attention to architectural decoration is also an important feature of public buildings and houses in the late Qing Dynasty. In the late Qing Dynasty, many buildings were decorated with brick carvings, stone carvings, wooden ornaments, lacquer surfaces, terrazzo, mosaics, bronze ornaments, gypsum ornaments, aluminum alloy ornaments and so on. Add color to urban architecture. The residential buildings in the late Qing Dynasty were changed and updated in these aspects.