Conception of greening, beautification, evolution and construction of water town in Jiangchuan Plateau

Under the blue sky of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, there is a beautiful and rich place with picturesque scenery, fragrant fish and rice, and bronze culture is well-known at home and abroad. This is the hometown of ancient Yunnan-Jiangchuan. Jiangchuan is the birthplace of ancient Yunnan bronze culture. In the 1970s, archaeologists unearthed more than 5,000 bronzes in Lijiashan, Jiangchuan, and unearthed the famous bronze masterpiece "Niuhutong Case", which shocked China and foreign countries. At the same time, Jiangchuan County is a famous land of fish and rice in central Yunnan. There are not only Xingyun Lake, one of the nine plateau lakes, but also 30% Fuxian Lake. The unique geographical environment makes Jiangchuan a veritable highland water town and a land of plenty. On Christmas Day, February 25th, 65438, Jiangchuan will hold the fourth "Fishing Festival", and the food feast in highland water towns will begin soon. First, the comprehensive management has achieved remarkable results, and the water quality of Xingyun Lake has improved significantly. In recent years, with the establishment of the lakeside zone, the implementation of the sewage interception project around the lake and the completion of the Fuxian Lake-Xingyun Lake water diversion project, the water quality of Xingyun Lake has obviously improved, rising from the inferior five categories to the fifth category, which is undoubtedly a gratifying achievement in the comprehensive management of Xingyun Lake in Jiangchuan County in recent years. Xingyun Lake is the mother lake and living lake in Jiangchuan County. It has many functions, such as aquaculture, industrial and agricultural water use, water storage, flood control, tourism and climate regulation. It is the foundation of the sustainable development of social economy in Jiangchuan County. It belongs to the source lake of Nanpanjiang River system in the Pearl River Basin, a sunken shallow lake in the central Yunnan Plateau and the only lake in the upper reaches of Fuxian Lake. The two lakes are connected by a river with a length of 2.2 kilometers, with a lake area of 34.7. When the water level1722m, the maximum water depth is 9.5m, the average water depth is 5.9 1 m, and the lake water capacity1840,000 m3. Due to over-exploitation, the water body of Xingyun Lake began to deteriorate from 65438 to 0994, the eutrophication process was accelerated, and the water body function was damaged. Xingyun Lake is located in the middle of the dam. Every year, 60 1 1,000 cubic meters of domestic sewage and 670,000 cubic meters of industrial wastewater are discharged into lakes, and there are also a lot of non-point source pollution caused by agricultural runoff. In 2000, the monitoring results of water quality in Xingyun Lake showed that the comprehensive category of water quality was national surface water standard (GB 3838-88) IV, and the main pollution indicators were pH, nonionic ammonia, CODcr and total phosphorus. The water in Xingyun Lake is only suitable for general industrial water. Due to the deterioration of water quality, the biodiversity of the lake has been seriously damaged. The unique "Jiangchuan Datou Carp" in Xingyun Lake is very rare, with the sharp decline of large aquatic organisms and the development of population structure in a bad direction. In recent years, a large number of submerged plants and emergent plants have died out, the number of algae has increased sharply, the species of fish is single, the biological regulation ability of water body has decreased, the ecosystem is unbalanced, and the eutrophication problem is prominent, which has had a serious adverse impact on the water function of lakes. In order to protect Mother Lake, Jiangchuan County Party Committee and county government should face up to the problems after scientific diagnosis, further enhance the sense of responsibility and urgency of comprehensive management of Xingyun Lake, establish confidence and determination in comprehensive management, increase investment, strengthen the management of rivers entering the lake, and strive to solve the problem of non-point source pollution in Xingyun Lake. Aiming at the problems of poor forest vegetation conservation ability, serious soil erosion, serious destruction of aquatic ecosystem and serious pollution of lake water, an effective comprehensive management focusing on ecological restoration and pollution interception around the lake was carried out. The opposite mountain has been afforested, and a dozen estuaries of Xingyun Lake have built lakeside belts. Focusing on Dajie Town and Jiangcheng Town, we will do a good job in pollution interception and control in county towns, speed up the construction of flood control dikes in Xingyun Lake, further optimize the industrial structure, vigorously promote technologies such as soil testing, formula fertilization and biological control, reduce the application of pesticides and fertilizers, increase the application of organic fertilizers, and control agricultural non-point source pollution. Strengthen the prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding pollution, speed up the construction of medium-temperature biogas stations, composting ponds and other projects, and promote the comprehensive utilization of human and animal manure, straw and discarded vegetable leaves in rural areas. It is necessary to take the protection and management of the "two lakes" project as an important part of implementing the strategy of "establishing a county by ecology". Mainly reflected in the following two aspects: first, accelerate the implementation of the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" target responsibility book project. The implementation plans of 28 projects in Jiangchuan County determined by the Eleventh Five-Year target responsibility book for comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution in "three lakes and one sea" were implemented one by one. By the end of 2008, it had invested 390.58 million yuan, and completed 8 projects successively, including Xingyun Lake-Fuxian Lake Outflow Diversion Project, Fuxian Lake West Coast Damagou-Dashazui Lakeside Restoration Project, Fuxian Lake Returned Fish Pond Ecological Restoration Project, Luosipu River Pollution Control Project and Lakeside Restoration Project, and Jiangchuan County Xingyun Lake Jong Li Village Rural Centralized Aquaculture Pollution Control Project. Projects under construction include: Jiangchuan Jianzishan Waste Treatment Plant, Dazhuang Village, Xiaoao Village, Haimen Village sewage treatment project, Xiaozhuang rural centralized aquaculture pollution control project, Xiaomagou Scenic Area sewage treatment station pipe network supporting project, domestic waste transfer station project, soil testing and formula fertilization project, etc. At present, these projects are nearing completion. The second is to strive to implement a number of major projects other than responsibility letters. Seize the historical opportunity of the completion and operation of the outflow and diversion project, speed up the pace of pollution interception and control in the county and the work of "comprehensive pilot project of ecological construction and tourism industry reform and development in Fuxian Lake". In April, 2008, the flood control and pollution interception project in Jiangchuan County of 420 yuan and the 65,438+0.3 km long project with an investment of 65,438+0,365,438 yuan were started. Rain and sewage are diverted to the main rivers entering the lake in the main urban area of the county. At the same time, the construction of flood control and sewage interception dike project on the southeast bank of Xingyun Lake was actively started, with an investment of 385.55 million yuan. Now, 24.6 million yuan has been invested to build a 9,700-meter embankment of flood control dike, and an emergency passage of 4 kilometers from outflow diversion to water intake to Daao River crossing training ground. In order to reduce rural and agricultural non-point source pollution, 3,000 construction projects of crop straw composting ponds were started in May this year, and 507 have been completed so far. Through a series of ecological restoration and pollution interception projects around the lake, the water quality of Xingyun Lake has been obviously improved. This year, it has been successfully upgraded from inferior category 5 to category 5, laying a good foundation for the three-year improvement of water quality in Xingyun Lake. Second, stocking and restoring the population, and the number of indigenous fish has rebounded rapidly. Jiangchuan is rich in indigenous fish resources. There are 47 species of fish in this county, including 36 indigenous fish. The indigenous fish mainly include: Fuxian Lake fish, healthy fish, good fish (anti-wave fish), Yunnan stickleback (herring), Fuxian Lake golden thread fish (Baltic fish), Fuxian Lake four-bearded fish (sea horse fish), Fuxian Lake catfish, Xingyun Lake bighead fish, Xingyun Lake white fish and snakehead fish (black fish). Economic fish mainly include grass carp, carp, crucian carp, silver carp, bighead carp and whitebait. Among the four famous fish in Yunnan Province, there are three species in Jiangchuan: Yukang fish, good fish, big head carp and golden thread fish. In the past, due to the influence of overfishing, water environment changes and many other factors, the indigenous economic fish resources such as fish, healthy fish, big head carp and nebula white fish, which are abundant in Fuxian Lake and Xingyun Lake, have been decreasing year by year, and some of them are even on the verge of extinction. In order to develop characteristic fishery, Jiangchuan county takes solving the technical problems of artificial breeding and breeding of local economic fish as the top priority and pays close attention to implementation. In recent years, with the strong support of party committees, governments and competent departments at all levels, scientific and technological personnel have made remarkable achievements in the protection, development and utilization of indigenous fish through continuous exploration and painstaking research. As early as 1957, Jiangchuan took the lead in establishing Jiangchuan Fishing Ground, an artificial breeding base for four big fish, with an area of 192 mu and complete incubation facilities. The artificial propagation experiments of silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp were carried out at 1960. 1967, artificial propagation of herring was successful again, which promoted the development of fishery in the county. In the early 1980s, pond culture took the lead in the whole province, and in the following ten years, the fish fry and fish species cultivated became hot commodities in the whole province. Until 1997, Jiangchuan Fishing Ground has been the key production base of fry and fish species in the whole province. The fry and fish species not only meet the needs of adult fish culture in ponds, dams and reservoirs in the whole county, but also are sold to neighboring counties in large quantities. After the restructuring of the fishing ground in 2003, fixed assets such as pond area and some necessary office facilities were retained. After being returned to the government, it will be managed by the Water Conservancy Bureau and leased out in the form of lease contract operation. In order to protect indigenous fish, from 65438 to 0999 to 2002, Yuxi municipal government and Kunming Institute of Zoology carried out research projects on artificial propagation technology and population recovery of fish, healthy fish and good fish in Fuxian Lake, which promoted the breeding boom of fish farmers. Yuxi Paleontology Anti-Wave Fish Research Center rebuilt 46 mu of fish ponds in Huoyan Mountain, Jiangcheng Town near Fuxian Lake, and established artificial breeding and fry cultivation bases for fish, healthy fish and good fish. In 2000, Jiangchuan Aquatic Technology Extension Station cooperated with Yuxi Aquatic Station, rented a 20-mu pond for snails on the east bank of Xingyun Lake, and established a bighead carp stock station. In 2005, Jiangchuan Aquatic Technology Extension Station established a 3-mu experimental base of nebula fish in Daao Tiaoyugou on the southeast bank of Xingyun Lake. The establishment of the above-mentioned seed farm has laid a material foundation for the restoration and protection of indigenous fish and the development of Jiangchuan fishery. In order to further restore the indigenous fish population, in the early 1990s, Jiangchuan began to collect fertilized eggs for artificial incubation, and then put them into Fuxian Lake for proliferation and release. 1999 to 2002, Yuxi city and Kunming Institute of Zoology carried out project research, which overcame artificial breeding and domestication of fish, healthy fish and good fish, and enabled them to be cultured in ponds, and designated a first-class fishing ban and a second-class fishing ban for the lake. At present, the artificial breeding area of anti-wave fish in the county has reached more than 200 mu, with an annual output of more than 3 million summer flowers and more than 6 tons of adult fish, and more than 6.5438+0 million anti-wave fish fry have been released in Fuxian Lake. The artificial culture of bighead carp has also blossomed and borne fruit, forming a situation in which the state, the collective and the individual jointly invest, and protection and development coexist. This year, the county has cultivated more than 10,000 bighead carp summer flowers 1 10,000, and by the end of this year, it can produce 50 tons of large-scale fish species and adult fish. In 2008, Xingyun Lake released 2,763.8 kilograms of bighead carp, 4,797.3 kilograms of crucian carp, 5,220 kilograms of carp, 9,265,438 kilograms of silver carp and 2,052 kilograms of herring, which ensured the stable and high yield of Xingyun Lake during the fishing festival from 65,438 to February every year. The artificial propagation of the long fin nebula has also made a breakthrough. Nebula albacore tuna is one of the famous indigenous species in Xingyun Lake. In 1950s and 1960s, white fish in Xingyun Lake once accounted for about 20% of fish production. However, after 1980s, with the aggravation of pollution in Xingyun Lake, the aquatic plants in the lake decreased sharply, and the living environment of the white fish was seriously damaged, and it was on the verge of extinction at the end of 1990s. In view of the existing situation of the white stripe nebula, the Jiangchuan county government launched the project to save the endangered white stripe nebula in time. In 2005, a special seed farm was established in the "Tiaoyugou" on the east bank of Xingyun Lake, which provided a new home for Xingyun Whitefish. This year, 50,000 summer flowers of Nebula albacore tuna can be cultivated, effectively protecting this endangered species. Artificial stocking of chain, bighead carp, carp, crucian carp, bighead carp and nebula white fish. In Xingyun Lake, it can not only enrich the species of economic fish in Xingyun Lake, increase the fish yield, but also consume a lot of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the water body, control the water quality of Xingyun Lake, and achieve the purpose of biological control, killing two birds with one stone. At present, Jiangchuan has a fishery water area of 1620 16 mu, including 52,000 mu of Xingyun Lake. The water surface area of the county is larger than the cultivated land area, and the development of aquaculture has unique natural advantages. It is one of the key fishery counties in the province. Over the years, the total output of aquatic products accounted for more than 30% of Yuxi City. The county's fishery output increased from 2800 tons in 1998 to 3550 tons in 2007. The highest output was in 2005, and the fishery output reached 3855 tons, of which Xingyun Lake alone reached 1925 tons. With the help of many measures, the water quality of Xingyun Lake has been obviously improved, the indigenous fish population in Xingyun Lake has been growing, and the fish yield has increased significantly. Third, Jiangchuan aquatic products are very famous at sea. Thanks to the joint efforts of internal and external forces, Jiangchuan's fish culture has finally blossomed in all directions and achieved fruitful results. Externally, Jiangchuan people, relying on a copper pot, spread the copper pot fish culture to the whole world. Star Village in Jiangcheng Town is a typical example. Star Village is surrounded by mountains and waters with beautiful scenery. There are 4 villagers' groups under the jurisdiction of the whole village, with 22 17 people. Historically, Star Village was a semi-fishing and semi-farming village, fishing in the lake and growing grain on the lakeshore. Generally speaking, it is a place to eat by the lake. Although living by the beautiful Fuxian Lake, Star Village is not rich. There was a folk song that said: Without fish, you can't eat; Looking at the lake, you can't farm. With the change of development concept, Star Village no longer relies solely on fishing to "eat the lake", but gives full play to the unique advantages of local traditional fishing culture, turning "Star Copper Pot Fish" into a catering brand and pushing it to a larger market inside and outside the province. Since 1999, more than 700 villagers have ventured to Beijing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Tibet and other places to develop special catering, with an annual business income of more than 30 million yuan. Li Qixing, a villager, is one of the beneficiaries of the operation of "copper pot fish". Successively opened stores in Gejiu, Chenggong and Yuxi. So far, his total income is 50,000 yuan per month. Although he has less land to plant, his life is more colorful than before. Due to the implementation of "a copper pot rushing into the market" in Star Village, its "fishery" has expanded from lake water to land, successfully combining planting, fishing and tourism, and broadening the economic development space of the village. In Jiangchuan folk, aquatic products processing has a long history and unique characteristics. After continuous exploration in recent years, Jiangchuan's salted fish, dried salted fish, douchi fish and salted shrimp are all famous. Especially saltwater fish, has become a famous brand of Jiangchuan fresh fish processing. At the same time, many leisure tourism related to fisheries are booming. Legends, knowledge, fun, entertainment and leisure projects such as "fishing by car and water", "herring array" and "copper pot fish" have rapidly developed into leisure activities with wide public participation. The most representative Star Village has reformed the contract mode of Star Fishing Cave through the innovation of the management mode of the three lakeside scenic spots, from decentralized contract to unified contract management by the village "two committees". In that year, the contract fee for fishing holes doubled, and the contract fee soared from 800,000 yuan to1860,000 yuan. By means of "introduction", the fishing paradise owned by the village collective was leased to Yunnan Dashan Company for 50 years at a time of 2.3 million yuan, and Dashan Company invested funds to transform tourism facilities and improve the level of star-rated tourism. Through the above measures, in just one year, the village has revitalized three collective enterprises, namely Star Fishing Cave, Biyun Temple Park and Fishing Paradise, and paid off all debts of 4.48 million yuan. Since 2005, Star Village has not only got rid of debts, but also gained more than 3 million yuan in collective economic income every year. In 2007, the total rural economic income of this village was 340 1 10,000 yuan, the private savings amounted to more than 60 million yuan, more than 50 cars were owned, 80% of the farmers installed home telephones, and most of them used mobile phones. This year, at the provincial fishery work conference held by the provincial government, the relevant leaders pointed out: "This year, we will continue to focus on proliferating fish, healthy fish, good fish and big head carp, so that these two kinds of fish can be obviously restored and brand strategy can be implemented. Yunnan province will strive to make its own name in a series of aquatic products brands such as fish, healthy fish, good fish and local carp. By 20 12, more than 3 famous brands in China and 9 famous brands in Yunnan will be built. This year, we will strive for success. Taking advantage of the trend, Jiangchuan County, in accordance with the goal of "establishing a county by ecology, giving priority to the environment, protecting the two lakes and making the river beautiful", seized the opportunity of establishing a county by ecology, and firmly grasped the historical opportunity of establishing a comprehensive pilot project of ecological construction and tourism industry reform and development in Fuxian Lake, Yunnan Province, and the completion and operation of the outflow and diversion project. With the strong support of the leaders of the municipal party committee and municipal government and relevant municipal departments, and in accordance with the working idea of "pollution control first, ecological restoration, water body replacement, development and protection, supervision and management", we will comprehensively promote "pollution interception and control around lakes, non-point source pollution control around lakes, ecological restoration around lakes, forestry ecology around lakes, comprehensive management of rivers entering lakes, internal pollution control of lakes, and environmental supervision of two lakes" and accelerate the protection and management of "two lakes" Make it stronger and bigger, build famous brands, increase the breeding of healthy fish and the purification of bighead fish, strengthen the release of lakes, and build the brand of Jiangchuan indigenous fish based on the breeding bases of aquatic stations in cities and counties, so that the development of Jiangchuan indigenous fish will reach a new level. At Christmas, only by walking by Xingyun Lake can we feel the infinite charm of Jiangchuan fish industry resources, so that both vision and taste buds can enjoy a hearty feast.