Breeding method of tortoise:
nutritional requirement
Nutrients needed by soft-shelled turtle are mainly protein, fat, carbohydrates, inorganic salts and vitamins.
1. protein. Protein is the most important to the growth and development of turtles. Turtles take egg whites directly from feed. It is generally believed that the high content of protein in feed will make the feed have good nutritional value and the breeding objects grow fast. Soft-shelled turtle has a high demand for protein content in feed, and the demand is different at different growth stages. Generally, the content of protein in feed is required to be 38% ~ 42%.
2. Fat. Fat is one of the indispensable ingredients for the growth and development of soft-shelled turtle. Mainly used as body fat stored in the body or as an energy source for exercise. Generally, the thermal energy released by fat oxidation of soft-shelled turtle is twice that of sugar and protein. The experiment shows that the fat content in turtle compound feed is 3.5% ~ 5.0%. Too high or too low will affect feed efficiency, weight gain rate and meat weight gain coefficient.
3. carbohydrates. The main physiological functions of carbohydrates after being absorbed by human body are: one is to provide heat, the other is to form body components; The third is to keep protein in the body as a binder for feed. The suitable amount of starch in turtle feed is 23% ~ 26%.
4. Inorganic salts. Inorganic salts play an extremely important role in soft-shelled turtles, not only participating in the formation of bones and blood, but also directly or indirectly regulating the physiology of the body, especially the spawning and reproduction of soft-shelled turtles. Among the necessary inorganic salts, the following are easy to be lacking, such as calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, zinc, copper and cobalt. Calcium and phosphorus account for 3/4 of all inorganic salts in the body, especially "efficient and fast-growing additives" such as bone meal must be added before and after turtle spawning.
5. vitamins. When turtles lack vitamins, their growth and development slow down, their metabolism is abnormal, and they are prone to various diseases. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized in the body and must be supplied through feed. Vitamins, like animal hormones, are small but essential, so multiple vitamins must be added to the feed.
Feeding place
There are many ways to raise turtles artificially, such as pond culture, tank culture, wooden basin culture and reservoir pond culture. Each way has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you can choose according to local conditions. For general professional households and small-scale farms, it is better to build pond culture because of its convenient management and great economic benefits.
Construction of breeding ponds: Young turtle ponds and breeding ponds can be constructed according to the specifications and methods of scarab young turtle ponds and breeding ponds. Adult turtle ponds are similar to those of scarabs, but the area can be larger to breed more turtles. If the adult turtle pond is large, mixed culture of fish and turtles can be carried out, and some herbivorous and filter-feeding fish can be raised in the pond to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of breeding. It should be noted that turtles can also make holes and escape easily, so the wall base of the fence should be about 50 cm underground.
Feed and feed
There are many kinds of food for turtles, including rice, wheat, peas, small fish, shrimp, insects, snails, refined pork, etc. Among them, the favorite food is small fish, refined pork and corn. In artificial feeding, in order to meet all kinds of nutrients needed for turtle growth and avoid poor growth and anorexia caused by single feed, various feeds should be adopted, such as fish, shrimp, snails and mussels in animal feed and rice, wheat and corn in plant feed. In order for turtles to fully digest these feeds, corn and peas need to be crushed and soaked for about 2 hours before feeding, and other large pieces of food must be chopped before feeding. It should also be noted that in different periods of turtle growth, feed containing different nutrients should be given according to its growth characteristics.
The turtle's life is closely related to the climate, and it begins to eat at the beginning of April every year. From June to August, the feeding activity reached its peak and the weight gain rate was the fastest. 5438+ 10 After the temperature gradually dropped in June, its food intake began to decline. When the temperature drops below 10 degrees Celsius, stop eating and enter the hibernation period. Therefore, turtles should be raised according to their growth characteristics, and the general requirements are as follows:
(1) timing. The temperature is low in spring and autumn, and the tortoise is inactive in the morning and evening. It only feeds around noon, so it is more appropriate to feed at 8-9 am. From Grain Rain to the autumnal equinox is the peak season for turtles to feed, and it is in summer. Generally speaking, soft-shelled turtles are inactive at noon, and they are usually fed in the afternoon 17- 19, so it is more appropriate to feed in the afternoon 16- 17. Timing can make turtles eat on time, get more nutrition and ensure fresh feed.
(2) positioning. Fixed feeding points should be set up along the edge of the pool, and the feeding platform of the feeding point should be close to the water surface, which is convenient for turtles to swallow water and bite. The purpose of feeding the turtles in a fixed position is to make them form a habit, so that they can find food conveniently, and at the same time, it is convenient to observe the activities of the turtles and check their feeding situation.
(3) Qualitative judgment. The feed should be kept fresh, and the leftover food should be removed in time after feeding to prevent the feed from rotting and stinking, affecting the appetite of turtles and polluting the water quality.
(4) quantitative. The feeding amount of feed depends on the temperature, water quality, the appetite and activity of soft-shelled turtle, and also depends on the appetite and activity, and it is advisable to have a little surplus in the meal. Generally, feed for one or two days 1 time.
Precautions:
(1) Young turtles, adult turtles and parent turtles should be raised in separate ponds to avoid the phenomenon of turtles swallowing young turtles, and at the same time, it is convenient to determine the feed dosage and feeding management, and to observe and master the growth of turtles.
(2) Because turtles are gentle and timid, they should keep quiet around the culture pond to avoid affecting their normal activities such as foraging, sunbathing, mating and spawning.
(3) Change the water in the feeding pond frequently, keep the water clean, do a good job in the hygiene of the feeding pond, and prevent the turtle from getting sick.
(4) The sand in the open space between the pool and the fence should keep a certain humidity. Some cooling measures should be taken in midsummer, such as sprinkling water and planting some small shrubs.
(5) Before the hibernation period, check the growth of the turtle, increase the feed for the weak, and feed the turtle more feed that he likes to eat, so that the turtle can store a lot of nutrients, thrive and overwinter safely.
(6) Some turtles didn't know how to eat when they were young. At this time, you can grab its left paw, pull it out, and then grab its right paw. When two turtles are pulled together slightly, it will stick its head out and gently pinch its head left and right. When it opens its mouth, it will know what to eat. In the future, the food you put in will take two bites.