Farmers' misunderstanding of high temperature stuffy shed is widespread.
Myth 1: High temperature stuffy shed is not a drug stuffy shed? When it comes to high-temperature stuffy sheds, farmers often ask? What medicine is used for high temperature stuffy shed? ? In fact, the real high-temperature stuffy shed uses solar energy instead of chemicals. The reason for this misunderstanding is that many drug dealers often talk about how to use the chemicals they provide and how effective they are, which has long misled farmers.
Myth 2: High temperature stuffy shed is not only to reduce the base of soil-borne diseases and insect pests? In addition to reducing the base of soil-borne diseases and insect pests, making good use of high-temperature closed shed can also improve the soil environment and reduce the salt in the soil.
Myth 3: not all sheds are suitable for high temperature stuffy sheds? As far as applicability is concerned, high-temperature stuffy shed is only suitable for solar greenhouse, and cold shed can only be suitable for dry stuffy but not wet stuffy because of temperature (the method of stuffy shed will be mentioned).
The purpose of high temperature stuffy shed
Speaking of high temperature stuffy shed, farmers often ask me? If the soil-borne disease is not very serious, is it not necessary to carry out high-temperature stuffy shed? ? In fact, from the side of this problem, it can be reflected that farmers' understanding of the function or purpose of high temperature stuffy shed is one-sided. The purpose of high temperature stuffy shed is as follows:
1, through high temperature closed shed to reduce the number of pests and diseases.
This is the main purpose of high-temperature greenhouse, through which some soil-borne diseases and airborne pests and diseases can be reduced. Because even if we pull out seedlings and clean the shed, some pests and diseases still exist in the shed.
Diseases: such as Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia solani, epidemic disease, gray mold, leaf mold, gray leaf spot, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, etc. Insect pests: The pests on the ground mainly include planthoppers, tea yellow mites and thrips. Underground pests are mainly nematodes. 2. The purpose of improving soil and reducing salt is achieved by closing the greenhouse at high temperature.
This is the blind spot of most of our farmers, and we may not have heard of it at all. Why can the soil be improved? Because there is a very important raw material in the high temperature stuffy shed? The decomposition and fermentation of straw and rice straw can loosen soil, change soil aggregate structure and improve soil.
In addition, straw becomes organic matter after decomposition and fermentation. An important purpose of organic matter is to activate the soil and release the fixed nutrients in the soil for the secondary use of the crops we planted, which also reduces the role of salt in the soil to some extent.
How to carry out high temperature stuffy shed?
High temperature stuffy shed, ground and underground should be disinfected. We call the ground disinfection dry and stuffy, and the underground disinfection wet and stuffy, as detailed below.
1, boring? Above-ground disinfection
Dry and sultry, suitable for both solar greenhouse and cold shed. Dry stuffy mainly aims at the disinfection of aboveground parts, and the steps mainly include the following steps:
Step 1: Clean the shed: When cleaning the shed, many vegetable farmers like to return the vegetable seedlings to the fields, which is understandable if they are completely decomposed. However, if the time of returning to the field is too short, it can not be completely fermented, because the vegetable seedlings may carry a lot of germs, which provides a germ basis for the next crop. Therefore, it is suggested that the plants and broken branches and leaves in the shed should be thoroughly cleaned up.
Step 2, check the air tightness of the shed: after cleaning the shed, thoroughly check the air tightness of the shed, and remedy any loopholes in time to ensure that the solar greenhouse is completely sealed when it is closed.
Step 3: Disinfection in the shed: It is recommended to use a strong oxidant with trichloroisocyanuric acid as the active ingredient to disinfect and sterilize the shed, so as to minimize the number of germs.
Step 4: heat and disinfect the closed shed: after these three steps are completed, immediately close the shed and heat the closed shed. It is required that the temperature in the shed must reach above 60℃ and the shed should be closed for about 5 days. Under the dual action of high temperature and chlorine released by trichloroisocyanuric acid, most pathogens will be killed.
2, wet and stuffy? Underground disinfection
First of all, I need to remind you that the humidity is only applicable to the solar greenhouse, not the cold shed, because the indoor temperature of the cold shed can not meet the requirements. So be sure to determine the type of your shed before it is humid and sultry. The main purpose of humid heat is to reduce the base of pathogens and insect sources in soil.
(1) raw material preparation
The principle of moistureproof is to kill pathogens and pests underground by raising the low temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare some warm-keeping materials (one acre of land needs the following dosage):
Quicklime: the dosage is 150 kg, which can quickly emit a lot of heat after adding water; Ammonium bicarbonate: 200 kg, which can release ammonia while radiating heat after watering, and has bactericidal effect; Uncomposed straw: 3~5 cubic meters of uncooked corn straw, wheat straw and rice husk can release heat during fermentation, and at the same time have the functions of improving soil and reducing soil salinity. Biological agents: such as Bacillus subtilis 300 grams, accelerate the decomposition of straw. (2) The moisture tightness of concrete steps
The first step is to clean up the sick and disabled underground: for example, the roots and whiskers left by seedlings must be cleaned up;
Step 2: paving raw materials and deep ploughing: the prepared raw straw, quicklime and ammonium bicarbonate are evenly mixed, then paved on the ground and then deeply ploughed. The recommended depth of deep tillage is 20-25cm.
The third step is watering: the greater the watering amount, the better, and smearing the prepared biological agent;
Step 4: Cover the shed with plastic film and heat it: After watering, cover the shed with black plastic film and heat it immediately after the ground is slightly dry. When covering the plastic film, cover the joints of the plastic film tightly with soil.
(3) Requirements of humidity and tightness on temperature and time
When wet and stuffy, the ground temperature 10 cm requires the temperature to reach above 55℃, and the lethal temperature of underground nematodes is 55℃. Therefore, only when the temperature is higher than this temperature can nematodes be effectively killed. The ground temperature above 20 cm requires the temperature to reach 40~45℃. It will take at least 20 days to close the shed, because there is a lot of rain during this time, so it is necessary to ensure that the temperature rise of the ground temperature can meet the requirements.
It can be seen from the above that the use of high-temperature closed shed can not only reduce the base of pests and diseases, but also improve the soil and reduce soil salinity. Therefore, farmers should learn to make full use of high-temperature shed-blocking technology.