1. Comply with nature and show nature.
Modern urban residents are getting farther and farther away from nature, and natural elements and natural processes are becoming more and more invisible. The skyline, horizon and horizontal line at the foot of the distant mountain are almost abstract nouns. How to expose natural elements and natural processes in the planning and construction of urban parks and guide people to experience nature? Park planning should not only proceed from a single purpose such as tourism economy, but should combine the needs of ecosystem purposes, conform to nature and highlight nature. Landscape composition should pay attention to the creation of artistic conception, with natural beauty as the main part and artificial beauty as the supplement, make full use of the beauty of rocks, water, plants, animals and astronomical phenomena, shape the natural landscape, integrate artificial facilities and carving marks into the natural landscape, and maximize the ecological value. For example, Xuanwu Lake Park in Nanjing is far less beautiful than Zijin Mountain, with fresh water, green island (continent) and few artificial facilities and scenic spots, forming an oxygen bar and a beautiful garden for people to rest in the city; Yuexiu Park in Guangzhou, taking advantage of the topography of Yuexiu Mountain, has formed undulating mountains and diverse landscapes, which need no further planning. It's already beautiful.
2. Environmental relevance
There are environmental relations both externally and internally. The ancients in China not only created the concept of "harmony between man and nature", but also created ideas related to geomantic omen. There are natural landscape backgrounds such as mountains, rivers, lakes, forests and wetlands outside the city, and there are different site conditions and closed spatial forms inside the city. In the ecological planning and construction of urban parks, we should grasp the characteristics of large-scale environmental landscape and park environmental landscape and do a good job in environmental-related articles. For example, West Lake Park and Hangzhou form a landscape pattern dominated by lakes. The environmental relevance of urban park ecological landscape construction is to find out the dominant factors of the park and the environmental characteristics of the urban environment.
Step three: live in harmony with each other.
In the ecological landscape planning of urban parks, it is also a key element to adjust measures to local conditions, give full play to the advantages of original topography and vegetation, and combine with nature to shape nature. The suitability of site selection should be reflected in the whole process of park planning and layout, functional zoning and scenic spot construction. For example, in the layout of the park in changfeng park, Shanghai, mountains and rivers are managed by combining lowlands and river bends, with water as the main factor and water as the supplement; The mountains are divided into main peaks and sub-peaks, which are strewn at random, imitating each other and being natural. The layout of the park should be appropriate according to the scale and surrounding environment of the park. Different planning and layout methods should be adopted. Large parks can be divided into many scenic spots and many "parks in the garden", and small parks can appropriately adopt the method of borrowing scenery from many parties to explore the limitations of space. For example, Fu Bo Park in Guilin covers an area of only 1. 1 hectare, far from Lijiang River, and uses mountains to separate scenic spots, with diverse contents and natural integration. As far as the functions of parks and landscaping are concerned, the principles that should be followed are that landscaping is characterized by natural beauty, and its functions are to balance the urban ecological environment and put people first. For example, Nanjing Mochou Lake Park is located in the bustling urban area of Nanjing. The clear lakes and dense forests effectively regulate the environment in this area. The legends of Mo Chounv and other cultural relics add to the cultural connotation of the park and become a distinctive leisure place in Nanjing.
4. Give full play to the landscaping function of plants
The plants in the park have natural growth posture, shape, color and taste, which not only increases the brightness at different times of the day, but also changes the scenery in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The seasonal changes of Chun Lv, summer shade, autumn red leaves and winter pine bring people a distinct sense of the four seasons, which makes people feel the natural atmosphere most directly. Therefore, at the same time, some plants are endowed with personalized personality or unique symbolic significance, such as the "four gentlemen" of plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, the "three friends" of pine, bamboo and plum, and the "jade hall and wealth" of magnolia, begonia, peony and osmanthus, which improves the cultural connotation of plant landscape. Plant landscaping, especially the construction of artificial plant community landscape, should be included in the top of landscape elements from the ecological point of view, economic value, artistic effect and functional significance, and become the core of urban park ecological landscape construction.
5. Deal with the relationship between the state and the ecology.
Landscape is the carrier of natural and cultural systems. The scientific planning and construction of urban park ecological landscape is a process of effective combination of ecology and culture. Ecological construction and cultural construction always run through the whole process of scenic spot planning and construction. No links, no combination of corridors and nodes, or mosaic patches can be ignored or emphasized. The natural environment of urban parks is closely related to the human environment (such as places of interest). To plan and build an ecological park, we should skillfully use nature, combine historical sites, interpret historical cultural sites in natural settlements, and build famous buildings and ancient pavilions in Cangshan green waves. Peak Ye Zhi
(Excerpt:/)