If you want to understand how to pair couplets, you need to popularize the knowledge of couplets. As the essence of Chinese traditional culture, couplets have a strict rhythm. To be understood in modern terms, couplets have at least six basic elements, namely: ① equal number of words, ② related content, ③ equal parts of speech, ④ proportional structure, ⑤ corresponding rhythm, ⑥ Harmony between oblique and oblique, we take the most popular couplets in Guanyin Mountain Park in Dongguan, which is currently soliciting RMB 700,000 for submissions, as an example:
Viewing the Landscape on Guanyin Mountain
①The number of words is equal: 7 words, so the second line also needs seven words;
②The content is relevant. Not only the content of the description, but the couplet also specifically stipulates that it must be an attraction in the Guanyin Mountain National Forest Park in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, which is even more terrible! The scope is narrower! Let us assume that this condition does not exist. Then "viewing the landscape on Guanyin Mountain" can be understood as: A. We climb up Guanyin Mountain in Dongguan City to watch Feng Shui; B. Guanyin Bodhisattva watches Feng Shui on Guanyin Mountain, so the second couplet must be related to the meaning of this couplet.
③The same part of speech + ④The structure is commensurate: the first couplet is: noun (Guanyin Mountain: place name) + location word (top) + verb (guan) + noun (landscape), the second couplet must also have such a structure At the same time, the word "Guan" here is both a noun (Guanyin) and a verb (Guanshanshui). The word has multiple genders, and "shanshui" is a parallel word (mountain and water are parallel words, so the second line should also have such a structure. ! At the same time, please note that the first and fifth characters in the first couplet are "guan", and the third and sixth characters are "mountain". The repeated use of words in these two places also belongs to structure and must be used. There are the same repeated words in the same position with the same part of speech and the opposite meaning, which undoubtedly increases the difficulty!
⑤The rhythm is corresponding: 3+1+1+2 ("Guanyin Mountain+Part 1") +View+Landscape") = 4+3 ("Guanyin Mountain" + "View Landscape") structure, then the second couplet must also be exactly the same.
⑥ The so-called Ping and Cheeks are in harmony with each other. The so-called Ping and Cheeks refer to Chinese The tones of pronunciation, ancient pronunciation are divided into two categories and five tones, among which the tones of modern Chinese are used to describe, that is, the first tone (Yinping) and the second tone (Yangping) belong to the flat tone characters, and the third tone (Shang tone, fourth tone ( The falling tone) and the entering tone (the ancient sound (which has disappeared in modern Mandarin and only exists in local languages, such as Cantonese, etc.)) are oblique characters. The rule of couplets is that the oblique tone of the first line is exactly the same as the oblique tone of the second line, and there is no special language Under the premise that the last word is a oblique tone character, it is the upper line, and the last word is a flat tone character, it is the second line. Then we can derive the oblique tone of the second line:
First line: Viewing the landscape on Guanyin Mountain Pingzhi: Pingpingpingpingpingpingpingping
Second line: Pingping: Pingpingpingpingpingpingpingping
In addition, Pingze also has the word "narrow pair" (the word Pingqi). cannot be wrong) and "Kuan Dui" (simply speaking, "I don't care about one, three, and five, but it is clear about two, four, and six." This is for seven-character couplets. If it is a five-character couplet, it means "I don't care about one, three, and two and four are clear." "), let's list it as a "wide pair" for now, then the second, fourth, and sixth characters of the second line must be 廄, 平, 仄, so the 平廄 of the second line should be:
Second line:
平廄:囗廄囗囄囗廄平
Secondly, you must also be familiar with the nine taboos of the couplets, otherwise, if you write the wrong sentence, experts will know it at a glance. Know your details: One is to avoid placing the palms together, the other is to avoid being too heavy, the fourth is to avoid being out of balance, the fifth is to be in a disordered position, and the sixth is to be flat. The seventh is to avoid being heavy on the top and light on the bottom. I won’t go into detail on this by using idiosyncrasies that are both easy to understand and refined.
Then we will use these six elements to describe the first couplet written by a netizen:
First line: No obstacles
Pingzhi: Pingzhi
Second line:
Pingzhi: Pingping (can also be: Pingping. Although we have to abide by the rule of "Ignore one, three, five, and distinguish two, four, and six", since this is a "1+2" ??structure, the second character can be arbitrary. Belongs to special case.
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Secondly, analyzing the meaning of the first couplet, it is obviously the abbreviation of "the heart is free from obstacles and there is no fear" in the Buddhist scripture "Prajna Paramita Heart Sutra", so the second couplet must also be consistent with Buddhism related content. Therefore, we should read:
The first line: No obstacles
The second line 1: Detachment ("De" is the entered tone character and belongs to "廄")
Second line 2: Leaving the mortal world ("出" is the rudimentary character, which belongs to "廄")
Second line 3: Saving all living beings
Second line 4: Seeing the truth