One,
Liver function test sheet [1]
Alanine transaminase (alt): 0 ~ 40μ/l
2. aspartate aminotransferase (ast): 0 ~ 40μ l.
Three. Alkaline phosphatase: 30-90u/L.
Glutamyl transferase (GGT): less than 40 units
5. Total protein (TP): 60-80g/L; Albumin (a): 40-55g/l; Globulin (g): 20-30g/L; Albumin (A)/ globulin (g): 1.5-2.5: 1.
6. Total bilirubin:1.71-17.1μ mol/L (1-10 mg/L); Indirect bilirubin1.7-13.7 μ mol/l; Direct bilirubin:1.71-7 μ mol/l (1-4 mg/l).
Seven, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP):
It is mainly synthesized in fetal liver, and its molecular weight is 69000. At 13 weeks of fetal life, AFP accounts for13 of total plasma protein. It reached its peak at 30 weeks of pregnancy and then gradually declined. The plasma concentration at birth is about 65,438+0% of the peak value, about 40mg/L, and it is close to the adult level (less than 30 μ g/L) at one year old [2].
2 laboratory description editing
Liver function examination is to monitor various indexes related to liver function and metabolism through various biochemical experiments to reflect the basic situation of liver function. Non-liver function test sheet is the display of liver function test results. Doctors can judge a person's liver well by looking at the liver function test sheet. If there are lesions, doctors can draw corresponding conclusions according to the patient's examination results. Take this as a reference. For different hospitals, the reference value of the results displayed by the liver function test sheet may be different, which is determined by different hospitals.
Liver function test sheet shows the results of transaminase, such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, globulin, white ball ratio, bilirubin, bile acid and so on. The content displayed in each test result represents different meanings. By analyzing the liver function test sheet and comparing it with the reference value, we can judge whether a person has a liver problem or the severity of the problem, but many people can't understand the liver function test sheet, so it is very important to learn to read the liver function test sheet [3].
3 basic project editing
(1) index reflecting liver parenchymal damage
It mainly includes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, among which ALT is the most commonly used sensitive index. When 1% hepatocytes are necrotic, the serum ALT level can be increased by 1 fold. AST continues to rise, and the value exceeding ALT often indicates that the liver parenchyma is seriously damaged, which is a sign of aggravation of chronic degree.
(2) Indicators reflecting bilirubin metabolism and cholestasis
It mainly includes total bilirubin (TBil), direct and indirect bilirubin, urinary bilirubin, urinary urobilinogen, blood bile acid (TBA), γ -glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The above indexes can be increased when liver cells are degenerated and necrotic, bilirubin metabolism is impaired or liver cholestasis occurs. When hemolytic jaundice occurs, bilirubin may increase indirectly.
(3) Indicators reflecting the synthetic function of the liver.
It mainly includes the time and activity of albumin, prealbumin, cholinesterase and prothrombin. When albumin and cholinesterase decrease for a long time, and prothrombin activity decreases, and vitamin K supplementation can't correct it, it shows that normal liver cells are gradually decreasing, the functions of synthetic protein and coagulation factors of liver cells are poor, the function of liver reserve is decreased, and the prognosis is poor.
(4) Indicators reflecting hepatic fibrosis
It mainly includes type Ⅲ procollagen (PⅢ P), type Ⅳ collagen (C-Ⅳ), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN) and so on. These indexes are helpful to diagnose liver fibrosis and early cirrhosis.
(5) detection index of liver coagulation function
Liver can synthesize all coagulation factors except factor III and factor A chain, which plays an important role in maintaining normal coagulation function. The synthesis of coagulation factors in patients with liver disease is reduced, and in severe cases, bleeding of gums and nasal mucosa, ecchymosis of skin and gastrointestinal bleeding may occur. Generally speaking, factor ⅶ appears first, with the largest decline, followed by factor Ⅱ and factor ⅹ, and finally appears, with the smallest decline.
A, prothrombin time (PT)
The normal value was 1 1 ~ 15 seconds, which was more than 3 seconds longer than the normal control group. Acute hepatitis and mild chronic hepatitis ...
Question 2: How to read the liver function test sheet? Many people don't know what those indicators represent after they get the liver function test sheet. Today, experts from the People's Physical Examination Center will explain to you the meaning of some indicators on the liver function test sheet. Due to the different laboratory conditions, operators and detection methods in each hospital, the reference range of normal values of liver function tests provided by different hospitals is generally different. The reference range of each normal value is not listed here, but only the Chinese name, English code name and main clinical significance of each item are introduced. Serum enzymes are commonly used in liver function tests to detect liver cell damage, including alanine aminotransferase (commonly known as alanine aminotransferase AL T), aspartate aminotransferase (commonly known as aspartate aminotransferase AST), alkaline phosphatase (AL P), γ -glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT or GGT) and so on. In various enzyme tests, ALT and AST can sensitively reflect whether liver cells are damaged or not and the degree of damage. Serum ALT is the most sensitive when acute liver cell injury is caused by various acute viral hepatitis, drugs or alcohol. Before the clinical symptoms such as jaundice appeared, ALT increased sharply and AST also increased, but the level of AST was not as high as ALT. In chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, AST rises more than ALT, so AST mainly reflects the degree of liver injury. In severe hepatitis, due to the necrosis of a large number of hepatocytes, liver function tests will occur, ALT in blood will gradually decrease, while bilirubin will gradually increase, that is, the phenomenon of "bile enzyme separation" will appear, which is often a precursor to liver necrosis. In the recovery period of acute hepatitis, if ALT is normal and γ-GT continues to rise, it often indicates that hepatitis is chronic. When suffering from chronic hepatitis, if the γ-GT on the liver function test sheet continuously exceeds the normal reference value, it means that chronic hepatitis is in the active stage. On the liver function test sheet, the items reflecting the function of liver secretion and excretion include the determination of total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil) and total bile acid (TBA). Suffering from viral hepatitis, toxic hepatitis caused by drugs or alcohol, hemolytic jaundice, pernicious anemia, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, neonatal jaundice, internal bleeding, etc. , total bilirubin can be increased. Direct bilirubin refers to the part of total bilirubin combined with glucuronic acid group after liver treatment. The direct increase of bilirubin indicates that the excretion of bilirubin by hepatocytes is blocked, that is, biliary obstruction occurs. If TBil and DBil are measured at the same time, hemolytic, hepatocellular and obstructive jaundice can be differentiated and diagnosed. Hemolytic jaundice: general tuberculosis IL 35%; Obstructive jaundice: TBil & gt340 μmol /L, direct bilirubin/total bilirubin >: 60%. In addition, γ-GT, ALP and 5 '- nucleotide (5 '-NT) are also very sensitive enzymes reflecting cholestasis, and their increase mainly indicates that there may be diseases related to biliary obstruction. On the liver function test list, the items reflecting the function of liver synthesis reserve include prealbumin (PA), albumin (Alb), cholinesterase (CHE) and prothrombin time (PT). They are routine tests that reflect the storage capacity of the liver by detecting its synthetic function. The decrease of prealbumin and albumin suggests that the ability of liver to synthesize protein is weakened. When suffering from various liver diseases, the more serious the disease is, the lower the serum cholinesterase activity is. If cholinesterase activity continues to decrease and there is no sign of recovery, it indicates a poor prognosis. ALT and GGT increased in hepatobiliary diseases. If CHE decreases at the same time, it is liver disease, while normal people are mostly biliary diseases. In addition, the increase of CHE can also be seen in hyperthyroidism, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome and fatty liver. Prolonged prothrombin time (PT) indicates that the ability of the liver to synthesize various coagulation factors decreases. On the liver function test list, the items reflecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis include albumin (Alb), total bilirubin (TBil), monoamine oxidase (MAO), serum protein electrophoresis and so on. When patients suffer from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, serum albumin and total bilirubin will decrease, accompanied by monoamine oxidase increase. The increase of γ globulin in serum protein electrophoresis can evaluate the evolution and prognosis of chronic liver disease, suggesting that Kupffer cell function decreases. & gt
Question 3: What do you think of the liver function test sheet? The main items of clinical liver function examination are: protein metabolism examination, glucose metabolism examination, blood lipid examination, bilirubin metabolism examination, serum enzymology examination, etc. The common enzymes are alanine aminotransferase (ALT or GPT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST or GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-aminoacyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) and cholinesterase (cholinesterase). Their normal values are generally marked on the test sheet. If different detection methods are used, the values of various enzymes will be different. The usual reference values are: ALT >；;
Question 4: What do you think of the liver function report? Because everyone can't understand the liver function test sheet, we have made the following liver function test sheet comparison table, which contains the liver function test project, the normal value of liver function index and the significance of liver function index.
Significance of normal values of liver function test items (on the high side)
The high ALT 0~40 alanine aminotransferase may be caused by liver damage, such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
AST 0~40 liver function test showed that AST increased, indicating that the liver was seriously damaged.
AST/ALT ratio of cereal grass/cereal grass/cereal grass is high, which is 0.80 ~ 1.5, indicating substantial damage to the liver.
Glutamyl transferase GGP 7~32 increases GGT in serum when liver synthesis is hyperactive or bile excretion is blocked.
Alkaline phosphatase ALP 53~ 128 is common in bone diseases and liver diseases.
Total bilirubin TBILI 5. 1~ 19.0 Liver damage such as inflammation, necrosis and poisoning can cause hyperbilirubinemia.
Direct bilirubin DBILI 0.0~5. 1, cholestasis syndrome such as intrahepatic and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, pancreatic head cancer, capillary bile duct hepatitis, etc.
The indirect bilirubin IBILI 5.0~ 12.0 comes from hemoglobin produced after the aging red blood cells are destroyed.
The total protein TP 60~80 is mainly due to the decrease of water in serum, which makes the total protein concentration relatively high, such as vomiting and sweating.
The relative increase of albumin ALB 35~55 is mainly due to blood concentration, such as severe dehydration and shock.
globulin
GLB 15.0~35.0 globulin is made by human immune organs. When there are antigens (enemies) such as viruses in the body, globulin will increase.
ALB/GLB 1.00~2.00 is low and inverted, which may have chronic liver parenchyma damage and poor prognosis.
Cholesterol CHOL 3.35~6.45 is found in hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, diabetes, nephrotic syndrome, common bile duct obstruction, hypertension and so on.
Triglyceride triggers 0.48~ 1. 17 hyperthyroidism, adrenal cortex hypofunction and severe liver dysfunction.
Uric acid UA 202~4 16 is common in gout, leukemia, nausea and tumor.
Question 5: What do you think of the liver function test sheet? Many people don't know. In fact, reading a liver function test sheet is not as difficult as expected. Let's invite liver disease experts to teach you, so that you can have a deeper understanding of what each index on the liver function test sheet means. The higher the levels of transaminase, bilirubin and globulin in biochemical indexes of liver function, the more serious the condition of liver, while the lower the albumin index synthesized by liver, the deeper the damage of liver. Patients can know whether each index is high or low only by comparing the actual personal examination value with the normal value of the hospital. Precautions for liver function examination The five indexes of liver function are general. After the biochemical indexes of liver function are checked, if the liver function is abnormal, we should also check five virus indexes of hepatitis B, including hbsag (surface antigen), hbsab (surface antibody), H-Penaltieag (e antigen), hbeab(e antibody) and hbcab (core antibody) to see if it is because of hepatitis B infection. After these five tests are combined with the quantitative analysis of hbvdna, the number of viruses can be known, and the best treatment opportunity can be determined by combining the changes of transaminase. Of course, besides knowing yourself, it is also important to find a regular specialized hospital for treatment. It is recommended that Beijing Hepatology Hospital, the best hepatopathy hospital in China, has advanced hepatopathy diagnosis and treatment equipment in China, among which a number of sophisticated medical equipment such as high-speed spiral CT, nuclear magnetic resonance, HBV gene detection system for hepatitis B virus and liver B-ultrasound have reached the first-class level in China, providing the most scientific basis for accurate diagnosis.
Question 6: How to read the liver function test sheet Many friends don't know how to read the liver function test sheet, so there are many examples of delaying the illness. Therefore, you should learn to analyze the liver function test sheet yourself and check whether you are infected with the virus.
Quantitative detection of bilirubin in liver function test sheet;
The normal value of bilirubin is 100ml, and the serum content does not exceed 1mg. If the content exceeds 1mg, it is abnormal, indicating jaundice. The higher the bilirubin content, the deeper the jaundice.
Thymol turbidity test (also called t.t.t) of liver function test sheet;
Using this test to understand the degree of hepatocyte injury, the normal value is 0-6 units; If it exceeds 6 units, it is not normal. Another similar test method is the turbidity test of zinc sulfate, and the normal value is below 12 unit.
Alanine transaminase activity test (ALT) in liver function test
Formerly known as alanine aminotransferase activity test (GPT); Liver cells contain a large number of alanine aminotransferase. When the liver cells are damaged, this enzyme will be released from the liver cells and enter the blood, which will increase the concentration of alanine aminotransferase in the blood. The normal range of ALT is Lai's colorimetry:
Question 7: What do you think of the liver function test sheet 10? Hello!
1, you are a big three-yang hepatitis B, and alanine aminotransferase 42 is slightly higher than grade two. Your HBV――DNA 4.03 times the power of 10, and the virus amount is 403 million. The virus is replicating. It is best to take antiviral treatment. Take hepcidin, 1 tablet/time/day at least 1 year, three times.
2. If the hepatitis B virus no longer replicates, reduce the dose of haipuding, but don't stop taking the medicine immediately to prevent the hepatitis B virus from rebounding. Stop taking Hepudin until the dose is minimized. If the liver function test is normal, HBV-DNA test is negative, and antiviral treatment has been carried out for more than one year, you can gradually stop antiviral treatment and coexist peacefully with hepatitis B virus;
3. Eat more edible fungi, such as black fungus, mushrooms, mushrooms and so on. , can improve immunity. Fish is rich in protein and easy to digest. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, increase VC content, avoid smoking and drinking, reduce the burden on the liver, and eat less fried, pickled, greasy, spicy and other foods. A light diet is appropriate.
Question 8: What do you think of liver function test sheet and hepatitis B test sheet? Diagnosis: viral hepatitis (B), suggesting "big three yang", is highly contagious.
But at present, there is no obvious abnormality in liver function (ALT, AST), and it has not entered the decompensation period, which is ideal.
Actively treat hepatitis B virus, strengthen liver protection and check liver function regularly.