There are two kinds of open cooling equipment: cooling pool and cooling tower, both of which mainly rely on water evaporation to reduce the water temperature. Furthermore, cooling towers often use fans to promote evaporation, and cooling water is often blown away. Therefore, the open cooling water circulation system must be supplemented with fresh water. Due to the evaporation and concentration of circulating water, the concentration process will promote salt scaling (see sediment control).
Make-up water has dilution effect, and its flow rate is often determined according to the concentration limit of circulating water. Usually, the make-up water exceeds the loss of evaporation and wind blowing, so a part of circulating water (called sewage) must be discharged to maintain water balance. Cooling water circulation system In an open system, dust and microorganisms enter the circulating water because water flows into the atmosphere.
The escape of carbon dioxide and the leakage of materials in heat exchange equipment also change the quality of circulating water. Therefore, circulating cooling water often needs to be treated, including sediment control, corrosion control and microbial control.
The determination of treatment methods is often related to the quantity and quality of make-up water and the performance of production equipment. When using multiple agents, possible chemical reactions between agents should be avoided.
Closed cooling water circulation system adopts closed cooling equipment, circulating water flows in the pipe, and wind is usually used to dissipate heat outside the pipe. There is no other factor to change the quality of circulating water except the leakage of heat exchanger. In order to prevent salt fouling in heat exchange equipment, sometimes cooling water needs to be softened (see water softening).
In order to prevent heat exchange equipment from being corroded, corrosion inhibitors are often added; Pay attention to safety when using high concentration and high toxicity corrosion inhibitor, and properly handle the cooling water discharged during maintenance.
2, production, fire water supply system.
In some industrial enterprises, the water supply system combining production with fire fighting is adopted. Using this water supply system, when the production water consumption reaches the maximum water consumption, all the fire water consumption should still be guaranteed, and it is required that the water pressure drop will not cause production accidents when the fire water consumption is the maximum, and the fire water consumption will not be interrupted when the production equipment is overhauled.
Because the water pressure requirements of production water and fire water are often quite different, fire water may affect production water, and some industrial enterprises have special requirements for water use. Therefore, industrial enterprises rarely use production and fire water supply systems.
When 5m independent water supply system is used for production water, necessary fire hydrants can be set on the production pipe network as standby water source for fire fighting, which will not cause production accidents. However, there should be no more than two valves to convert production water into fire water, and the time to open the valves should not exceed 5 minutes, so as to facilitate the timely supply of fire water in the fire field.
3. Industrial sewage treatment system
A method for treating industrial sewage belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. Introduce the sewage into the water collecting tank, adjust the pH value of one grid at the end of the water collecting tank, lift the sewage to the first-class pressure dissolving tank with a first-class dissolved air pump, and suck in air and coagulation decolorant at the same time, so that the first-class saturated dissolved air water in the first-class pressure dissolving tank is suddenly released to the first-class air flotation tank to form the first-class treated water.
The primary treated water overflows into the buffer pool, then the primary treated water is lifted into the secondary pressure dissolved air tank by a secondary dissolved air pump to control the pH, and at the same time, air and coagulation decolorant are inhaled, so that the secondary saturated dissolved air water in the secondary pressure dissolved air tank is suddenly released into the secondary air flotation tank to form secondary treated water, which overflows into the sedimentation tank and is discharged after sedimentation.
The floating mud in the primary and secondary air flotation tanks enters the floating mud tank, and is pressed into a filter cake, and the filtrate is returned to the water collection tank. The removal rates of CODcr, decolorization, SS and BOD5 are 80-90%, 95% and 90% and 75-80% respectively, which meet the first-class discharge standard of GB 8978- 1996.
4. Air separation equipment (nitrogen)
Air separation equipment is the equipment that liquefies, rectifies and finally separates air into oxygen, nitrogen and other useful gases, which is referred to as air separation equipment for short.
SMN nitrogen membrane system is a kind of air separation equipment, which consists of air compressor, filter and SMN membrane separation nitrogen production device. Compressed air enters the SMN membrane separation nitrogen production device through the filter, and oxygen, water vapor and a small amount of CO2 in the air quickly penetrate the membrane and enter the other side of the membrane for enrichment.
The relative speed of nitrogen permeating the membrane is slow, and it remains on the retention side of the membrane to be enriched. The pressure of nitrogen-rich outlet is almost the same as that of compressed air entering the membrane system, and the power loss is very small. ——SMN nitrogen membrane system, an air separation equipment, can increase the nitrogen in the air from 78% to over 95%, and the highest nitrogen can reach 99.9%.
5. Compressed air system
Air at atmospheric pressure is compressed and delivered to the pneumatic system at a higher pressure.
(1) compressed air output. Air is collected through the air inlet of the air compressor, compressed by the head of the air compressor, and sprayed into the air storage tank from the air outlet of the air compressor. Because of the temperature difference between the air collected by the air inlet and the compressed air ejected by the air outlet, most of the condensed water will inevitably precipitate and contain a small amount of oil and impurities. After precipitation, it is discharged from the sewage outlet.
(2) Automatic drainer. There should be a drainer at the end of each downpipe. The most effective method is to use an automatic drainer to automatically drain the residual water in the pipeline, so as to achieve the purpose of artificial drainage.
(3) Air treatment device, which keeps the compressed air clean and at an appropriate pressure, and delivers the lubricating oil to the parts that need lubrication, so as to prolong the service life of these pneumatic components.
(4) Direction control valve, which controls the movement direction by alternately pressurizing and exhausting through two interfaces of the cylinder.
(5) executive parts, which convert the pressure of compressed air into mechanical energy, such as pneumatic motors.
(6) The speed regulating valve can simply realize stepless speed regulation of the actuator (pneumatic motor).
Baidu encyclopedia-cooling water circulation system
Baidu encyclopedia-air separation equipment
Baidu encyclopedia-compressed air system