Zhu Jin: Also known as Fusang, Hibiscus and Rose. Because the color is mostly red, it is commonly known as the big red flower in Lingnan area of China. Evergreen shrub, about 1-3 meters high; Branchlets cylindrical, sparsely stellate pilose. The leaves are broadly ovate or narrowly ovate, and there is no hair on both sides except that the back is a little sparse along the veins. Flowers are solitary in the axils of upper leaves and often droop; Corolla funnel-shaped, 6- 10 cm in diameter, rosy or reddish, yellowish and other colors, petals obovate, apex rounded, and sparsely pilose outside. Capsule ovoid, about 2.5 cm long, smooth and hairless, with beak. Flowering all year round.
Second, the species of hibiscus
Fusang is a famous flower in the world, with bright colors, beautiful shapes, various varieties and perennial flowers. There are more than 3000 varieties in the world.
Third, the environmental requirements for the growth of hibiscus.
1, soil
Fusang can adapt to all kinds of soil, but fertile and loose slightly acidic soil is the best.
2. Lighting equipment
Fusang is a strong positive plant, and it needs sufficient light to grow and bloom normally during the growing period. If the light is insufficient, the flower buds are easy to fall off, the flowers are small and the color is dim; However, when the sunlight is too strong, plants will burn, so shading measures should be taken.
3. Temperature
The optimum temperature for hibiscus is 15-25℃, and from June 10 to March of the following year 13- 18℃. The temperature should not be lower than 5℃ in winter, otherwise the leaves will turn yellow and fall off. It is vulnerable to freezing damage below 0℃, but it can still grow normally at high temperature above 30℃.
Fourth, the method of watering hibiscus.
Watering on weekdays depends on the wet and dry conditions to avoid being too wet. Water it in the morning and evening in midsummer and in the afternoon in spring and autumn. In winter, due to the low temperature, water quantity should be strictly controlled, otherwise, plants are prone to freezing injury. In addition, water should be sprayed frequently during the growth period.
Five, the fertilization method of hibiscus.
Both potted plants and open-air planting should apply sufficient base fertilizer to the soil. Fusang needs more phosphate fertilizer, but not too much. The application of compound fertilizer should be reasonable. Fertilization at flowering stage can be applied at intervals, and the effect is the best.
Six, the reproduction method of hibiscus.
1, cutting method
In May -65438+ 10, the greenhouse overwinters, but the survival rate is high in rainy season. The annual semi-lignified cuttings are the best, the length is 10 cm, the lower leaves are cut off and the upper leaves are left, the incision should be flat, the cuttings should be inserted in the sand bed, and the air humidity should be high. Room temperature 18-2 1℃, cuttings take root after 20-25 days. Treating the cutting base 1-2 seconds with 0.3%-0.4% indolebutyric acid can shorten the rooting period. When the roots grow to 3-4 cm, transplant them into a pot.
2. Grafting method
In spring and autumn. It is mostly used for hibiscus varieties with difficult cutting or slow rooting, especially for double-petal varieties with low cutting survival rate. Branch grafting or bud grafting can be used, and single-petal hibiscus flower is used as the rootstock. Grafted seedlings bloom in the same year.
Seven, the pruning method of hibiscus.
In order to maintain a beautiful tree shape and a large number of flowers, according to the characteristics of strong germination ability of hibiscus, pruning and shaping can be carried out before and after leaving the house in early spring. Except for 2-3 buds at the base, all the upper branches were cut off. Pruning can promote the new branches to grow more vigorously and the plant shape is beautiful. Water and fertilizer should be properly controlled after pruning, because the consumption of aboveground parts is reduced.
Eight, change the soil into a pot of hibiscus.
The soil for potted plants should be loose and fertile sandy loam, and the pots should be changed before moving in early spring and April every year. There are three things to do when changing pots: first, put in new culture soil; The second is to cut off some fibrous roots that are too dense and curly; The third is to apply plantar fertilizer and slightly add phosphate fertilizer to the pelvic floor.
9. Causes and treatment methods of hibiscus leaves turning yellow.
1, as soon as possible from indoor to outdoor semi-shady place for culture. When the soil is dry, water it in time, sprinkle more water on the leaves around noon every day, and suspend fertilization.
2. After winter, when the temperature reaches 5℃, it should be moved indoors to prevent freezing and keep warm. During the anti-freezing and heat preservation period, no new leaves will grow, and the old leaves will turn yellow and fall off. However, as long as the branches are blue, they will grow new leaves in the spring and summer of the following year after watering the pots.
Control of pests and diseases of hibiscus
1 leaf spot
Zhu Jin leaf spot is a real disease. It often happens in the period when the weather turns cold in late autumn, especially in the northern region, when it is not timely to enter the cellar. The initial symptoms are pale yellow and red-yellow spots on the leaves, and the lesions are round or oval after expansion. Under wet conditions, black particles can appear on the lesion, that is, conidia of pathogenic bacteria, and the leaves will dry up and fall off in the later stage. The key to prevent and control the disease is to do a good job in cold protection and take protective measures when the wind cools down after autumn. On this basis, spraying 500-800 times of zineb or 1500 times of ammonium in time can have good control effect.
2. Stem rot
Stem rot is a serious fungal disease in Zhu Jin, which occurs widely every day. The disease mostly occurs in rainy season, and it is serious under high temperature and rainy conditions. Most pathogens are infected from the intersection of roots and stems of plants. The initial symptoms are not obvious, but the affected cortex is atrophied and slightly dark brown, but the subcutaneous tissue has begun to rot and turn brown. A week after the diseased spots appear around the stem, the plants will dry up and die. From the leaf surface, the leaves wilted in the early stage of the disease, and yellow-brown spots appeared on the edge, which gradually expanded inward, and the leaves dried up and fell off in the later stage. The key to prevent the disease is to prevent plants from being washed by heavy rain for a long time, and to dry them every 10 day before and after the rainy season with 200-500 times liquid thiophanate. Experiments show that this method has good control effect.
3. Root-knot nematode disease
Root-knot nematodiasis is also a common and serious disease in Zhujin. From the above-ground part of the disease, the growth of leaves is weak in the early stage, and reddish-brown withered spots appear on the edge. And expand inward, and the leaves dry up and fall off in the later stage. From the underground part, it is found that there are large and small tumors between the roots of the plants, which are smooth and fleshy at the beginning and rough and brown at the later stage, and contain pear-shaped female nematodes the size of needle tips. This disease is difficult to prevent and treat. If the number of plants is small, you can change the soil. The soil must be exposed to the sun for a long time, and the old soil should not be used again. More plants can also be treated with aldicarb granules, and about 0.5g can be buried in a 5-inch pot.
XI。 Selection of hibiscus flower pots
Hibiscus potted pots should not be too large, and generally use pottery pots with a diameter of 15 cm.
Twelve, hibiscus hydroponics method
Cut off the old branches with moderate thickness, cut them into branches only 2 fingers long, and then put them into nutrient solution or rooting water nutrient solution to avoid direct sunlight and take root after soaking.
Thirteen. The position of hibiscus
Hibiscus flowers are bright and dazzling, dying at dusk and colorful, representing a vibrant day. Therefore, if you plant a pot of hibiscus flowers in front of your Chi Pan, pavilions, roadsides and walls, or place a pot of hibiscus flowers in the living room and porch, it will be full of vitality, enthusiasm and brightness, which will bring good feng shui luck.