Wang Wei
Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
"The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river falls in yen." In the vast desert, a wisp of solitary smoke on the beacon tower goes straight into the sky; The long river is like a belt, and the setting sun is extremely round. These two poems highlight the roughness and strength of the desert and condense the poet's mentality. Judging from the wording of the poem, the language is not surprised and unpretentious, but it can describe the unspeakable scene in front of us, with endless implication, reaching the realm of muddy success and showing the profound skill of the poet.
In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, the deputy envoy of Hexi Festival, defeated Tubo greatly, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go to the fortress as the censor to inspect the military situation. This is actually pushing Wang Wei out of court. This poem was written on the way to the border.
"I want to ask over there by bike", so I won't go by car. Where are you going? "The vassal country has passed Juyan", Juyan is in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng to Yan, saying that he came out of Han's fortress, like a blowing in the wind weed, and entered Hu's sky, like a wild goose flying north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing landscapes. The author's mission takes place in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. The forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." . How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. The advantage of "this is" poetry is indescribable, but it is vivid when you want to leave; "It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go." This passage also reveals the superb artistic realm of these two poems.
To annotate ...
This poem was written in the spring and summer of the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737). At that time, our envoy Cui defeated Tubo in Hexi, and Wang Wei was sent to the fortress as a supervisor. Bicycle: it means being alone. Q: Comfort. Dependent country: a dependent country. Juyan, a country in the Han Dynasty, is in the northwest of Zhangye, Gansu. The purpose of this trip is. Later Han Dynasty: "There are Zhang Ye and Juyan in Liangzhou." F: Visiting. Peng Qian: Peng Gen is shallow and floats with the wind, so the ancients used Peng Qian and Peng Piao as a metaphor for travelers. Sign it. Okay. Xiaoguan: a fortress in the west of Han and Tang Dynasties, located in the southeast of Guyuan County, Ningxia. Scouts on horseback, that is, scouts on horseback. Duhufu: The commander of Duhufu in the border town, here refers to Cui. Ran Yan: The name of this mountain is Hang Ai Shan. In today's Mongolian People's Republic. Dou Xian was defeated by Han Dynasty in Xiongnu North Khan, chased to Yanran Mountain, carved stone and made meritorious deeds, which was regarded as the story of defeating the enemy by later generations. Take this.
Distinguish and appreciate
When the poet wrote this poem, his friend and mentor Zhang Jiuling was rejected by Li. This is a sign that Xuanzong's politics changed from Qingming to fatuity. Therefore, the poet is not blindly excited, but lonely in the process of comforting the defeated army.
In the first four sentences, the poet wrote a lonely mentality. All the way from "cycling" to "border", one person looked up and saw Hu Yan flying back, which made the poet sad and felt like a broken-rooted floating tent, far away from his hometown. In the last four sentences, the poet saw the wonders of the desert in Hu Tian, "The desert is lonely, and the long river sets the yen". Such a magnificent scene inspired the poet, making him gradually get rid of his lonely state of mind, giving birth to heroic feelings, and triggering patriotic enthusiasm for defeating the enemy and making contributions.
The fifth and sixth sentences of this poem, "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen", are particularly worth mentioning. In the vast desert, a wisp of solitary smoke on the beacon tower goes straight into the sky; The long river is like a belt, and the setting sun is extremely round. These two poems highlight the roughness and strength of the desert and condense the poet's mentality. Judging from the wording of the poem, the language is not surprised and unpretentious, but it can describe the unspeakable scene in front of us, with endless implication, reaching the realm of muddy success and showing the profound skill of the poet.