The bustling streets of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty
The prosperity of the eastern half of the city is similar to Chang 'an, and so are Pingchengjing and Pinganjing in Japan. Why?
see all flowers of Changan in one day
In the second year of Emperor Wendi, Yuwen Kai and others were ordered to build a new capital, named "Daxing", in Longshouyuan, southeast of the former site of Chang 'an in Han Dynasty. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it was still the capital and renamed Chang 'an.
In the Tang Dynasty, Chang 'an City was rectangular, with a regular plane and solid walls around it, which was called Guo. Chang 'an takes Zhuque Street as the central axis, all the way south to Mingdemen, which divides the city into two parts, east to Wannian County and west to Chang 'an County. 54 square in the East Half City, 1 City (East City). There are 55 squares in the western half of the city, 1 city (western city).
Planning of Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty
Although the basic things are completely symmetrical in shape, they are also slightly biased towards the east half of the city.
For example, in terms of hotel distribution, it shows the distribution characteristics of dense in the east and sparse in the west: from the perspective of urban spatial distribution, there are 25 hotels and 5 brothels east of Zhuque Street; There are 1 1 hotels in the west of Zhuque Street, and there is no "brothel" with high consumption.
The "dome" built by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, which is located on the east side of Mingdemen Road, when he built Daxing City (the place where the Emperor of Sui and Tang Dynasties held a ceremony to worship heaven) also shows that the center of gravity of the capital is more concentrated in the east half of the city.
Then why is the eastern half more prosperous? Can't live without the people who live in the workshop. Geographically speaking, the eastern suburbs have beautiful scenery and more flat and open terrain, and Chang 'an East Street is higher than West Street, which also urges residents to migrate to Gao Shuang East Street.
In addition, the plain terrain of Luoyang City, the capital city to the east of Chang 'an, facilitates its communication with Chang 'an and promotes the prosperity of the east half of the city.
Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty
Secondly, because the political center of Chang 'an was transferred from Taiji Palace and Xingqing Palace, the bureaucratic aristocrats moved to the east of Suzaku Street, and there were many bureaucratic aristocrats in the east of Suzaku Street, forming a high consumption group. "Tang Yao Hui" records that "it is convenient to visit the North Square, and the official residence is listed among them, with residents in it".
Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace are located in the east of the street, which shows that officials are concentrated in the east of Zhuque Street for the convenience of going to court, which also provides a consumption base for the prosperity of the eastern half of the city.
In addition, in ancient China, Zhouyi and Feng Shui were more likely to be used to define houses and residences. Yuwen Kai planned and laid out Daxing City with the theory of six hexagrams. Because of its low terrain, Tang Gaozong built Daming Palace in the east of the street with high terrain, which led to the prosperity of the east half of the city.
China culture has reached overseas Pingchengjing.
In the second year of Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, on the basis of many previous envoys in Tang Dynasty, the Japanese again sent the first envoy in Tang Dynasty, taking Ambassador Tai Tian Jian with him to learn the institutional culture of China. After that, he was dispatched six or seven times until Wu Zetian ascended the throne.
Japanese envoy to the Tang Dynasty
At that time, there was no official capital in Japan until the eighth year of Tongzhi, when Fujiwara, located in the south of Nara Basin, was built, which was the first official capital in Japan. Later, he sent envoys from the Tang Dynasty. After returning to Japan, he built Pingcheng Well in the northern part of Nara Basin, with an area three and a half times that of Fujiwara. The emperor moved to the city with the eunuch, and the scale was expanded and the shape was perfect.
The Miyagi of Pingchengjing is called Pingchenggong, which is located in the north of Pingchengjing. The main entrance to the south of Pingcheng Palace is called Suzaku Gate, and Suzaku Road extending from this gate to the south is the central axis, which is divided into two parts, the east part is called "Tokyo" and the west part is called "Xijing".
Pingcheng landscape obviously imitates the shape, layout and name of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty. The eastern half of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was more prosperous than the western half, and Pingcheng was no exception.
As mentioned earlier, the geographical location of the eastern half of Chang 'an is better than that of the western half, but as far as the four suburbs of Pingchengjing in Japan are concerned, the traffic conditions in the southern suburbs, western suburbs and northern suburbs are not worse than those in the eastern suburbs. Therefore, sakyo, the capital of Pingcheng, is more prosperous than seclusion mainly because of the shape and political influence of the capital and Miyagi.
Comparison of Beijing Planning between Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty and Pingcheng City in Japan
Similar to China, where the ministers and nobles of the Tang Dynasty concentrated in the east of Suzaku Street, when Heisei was the capital, Japanese bureaucrats and nobles also lived in sakyo, especially near the north of Miyagi. For example, Fujiwara Nakama, the minister of filial piety and benevolence, lives in the second column on the east side of Suzaku Street. Of course, there are many such examples, just one important person as an example.
In addition, Rensheng Gate in the south and east of Pingcheng Palace is comparable to Fengdan Gate in Chang 'an Daming Palace. There is a "Fangzhong Avenue" outside Renshengmen, which is equivalent to Danfengmen Avenue in Chang 'an. The reason why Renshengmen, which is south by east, has become the most important palace gate is to some extent a reflection of the transfer of Chang 'an's political center from Taiji Palace to Daming Palace.
Because the center of gravity of the Peace Palace is eastward, sakyo, the capital of peace, is bigger and more prosperous than quiet. So, first of all, compared with Youjing, sakyo has added a rectangular area to the east, which is called "Waijing".
Ping an Jing in peacetime
In the third year of Yan Li, Wu Heng moved the capital from Pingchengjing to Changgangjing, and then moved to Pingjingjing (now the land of Kyoto), which is called "Heian period" in history.
Comparison between Chang 'an City in Tang Dynasty and Ping 'an City in Japan
Ping An Beijing is a regular rectangle, about 5.2 kilometers long from north to south and 4.5 kilometers long from east to west. Ping 'an Palace is Miyagi, and Zhuque Road outside Zhuquemen, the main entrance to the south, is the central axis, which divides Ping 'an Beijing into East and West Beijing. Sakyo and Quiet have the same area, the same number of squares, and the positions of East City and West City are symmetrical.
Similarly, the layout of Ping An Beijing is also designed according to the principle of left-right symmetry, but the prosperity of sakyo is far greater than that of Right Beijing. For example, sakyo clearly marked the courtyards of royal aristocrats such as "Cold Spring Courtyard", "Levin Courtyard" and "Idle Courtyard" in "Nine Houses of Chao Tu Zuo Jing Tu" produced in Kamakura era. There is almost no courtyard in the quiet.
In addition, at the beginning of peace, there were two Buddhist temples on both sides of Zhuque Road, but the ends of the two Buddhist temples were in opposite directions. The East Temple became a specialized Dojo of Shinto, while the West Temple ended in decline.
It can be seen that Tokyo's prosperity than Xijing is not groundless, which also has a certain relationship with the geographical location of Ping 'an City. It is generally believed that the eastern part of the place where Ping An Jing is located has high terrain and dry climate; The low-lying and humid terrain in the west has caused a relatively depressed situation in the west to some extent.
Restoration map of Ping 'an Palace Shenyuan
Secondly, judging from the distribution of the above-mentioned royal courtyards, the political focus of Ping An Jing is also in the East. Mainly because as the residence of the emperor, it is located in the east with Taiji Hall as the main hall, and it is the only power center in Ping 'an Palace, so it is more conducive to political action for courtiers to live directly in Tokyo.
Through the analysis of the shape and distribution of Chang 'an City, Pingcheng Well and Pingcheng Well, it can be seen that the factors that affect the prosperity of ancient regions are the most influential factors besides physical geography. Politics made the trend of paid bureaucrats and officials in ancient times more obvious, which precipitated in various facilities formed around consumer groups, resulting in a more prosperous scene in the eastern half of the city.
References:
1. Study on the Distribution Characteristics of Chang 'an City Hotels in Tang Dynasty
2. Tang