Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong Academy
1. Bailudong Academy is one of the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. Located at the foot of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of Wulaofeng Mountain in Lushan Mountain, there are Zuo Yi in the west and Zhuo'er Mountain in the south, three mountains around the platform, and a middle stream (Guandaoxi). Without the noise of the market, there will be the victory of Chunshi.
The hospital has a mountainous area of 3,000 mu and a building area of 3,800 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is quiet and quiet, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Academy "started in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty, and continued in Ming and Qing Dynasties", which has been over 1000 years.
It was originally the secluded place of Li Bo, a Luoyang native, and his brother in the first year of Zhenyuan in Tang Dynasty (785). Li Bo keeps a white deer, who goes in and out to follow, and is called Mr. White Deer. Later, Li Bo was the secretariat of Jiangzhou. He built a platform to grow flowers in his former secluded place, numbered Bailudong. In fact, there is no cave, just because there are green hills around him, which looks like a cave. Bailudong was named after it. The natural scenery of Bailudong Academy is extremely beautiful, with four mountains surrounding the platform, towering ancient trees, ancient bridges crossing streams and unique caves. Now it has become a good mirror of cultural tourism. There are beautiful pines and cypresses in the courtyard, flowers and plants compete for fragrance and the environment is quiet and beautiful. The museum's collection reflects the historical and cultural glory of Lushan Mountain, including ancient bronzes and ancient ceramics unearthed locally and collected from other places, calligraphy rubbings by famous calligraphers Yan Zhenqing, Liu Gongquan, Mi Fei and Huang Tingjian in Tang and Song Dynasties, painting and calligraphy scrolls by famous painters Tang Yin, Zheng Banqiao and Zhu Da in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and the most precious ones are Five Hundred Arhats, Hua Yan Jing in Blood and crystal beads, all of which are national first-class cultural treasures.
Under the guidance of Confucian Neo-Confucianism, Bailudong Academy, relying on Lushan Mountain, a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and relying on the careful cultivation of scholars and enthusiastic educators in previous dynasties, has gained a profound culture different from that of temple-style state, government and county schools, which makes people yearn for, explore and pursue. This is why it has been full of vitality, soul and charm for more than 1000 years. Bailuyuan Academy is connected in series from west to east along the west of the official road in the existing buildings, and is composed of the academy gatehouse, Ziyang Academy, Bailuyuan Academy, Yan Hotel and other architectural communities. These buildings are located in Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, facing south.
2. Yuelu Academy is located at the foot of Yuelu Mountain, the last peak of Nanyue in Changsha, Hunan. It is the best preserved ancient academy in China. Yuelu Academy was founded in the early years of Northern Song Dynasty. In the sixth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (973), Zhu Dong took Shangshu as the secretariat of Tanzhou. In view of the numerous temples under Huang Bao Cave in Yuelu Mountain in Changsha and the quiet environment, he accepted Liu Ao's suggestion and founded Yuelu Academy on the basis of the original monastery. The newly established college is divided into five lecture halls and fifty-two dormitories, in which the lecture hall is the place where teachers give lectures and the lent hall is the place where students usually study and stay. The pattern of Yuelu Academy has a lecture hall in the middle and a series of houses in the east and west, which has been passed down to this day. There are 5 lecture halls and 52 study rooms. It is still a brick-wood structure, and the roof is a herringbone hard top, which is quite elegant and indifferent. There are four characters "Yuelu Academy" on the gate of the Academy, and the couplets on both sides are "Only Chu Youcai, Xing Yu Si". In the middle of the lecture hall, there is a plaque with the words "loyalty, filial piety, sincerity and festival" hanging in the middle of the lecture hall, which is 1.6 m high and 1.2 m wide. There are "neat and serious" stone carvings written by Ouyang Zhenghuan in the Qing Dynasty in the left and right corridors. Zhang Cun's Yuelu Academy is being published on the screen of the lecture hall. Lushan Academy covers an area of 2 1 1,000 square meters. Most of the existing buildings are relics of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The main buildings are the first gate, the second gate, the lecture hall, the semi-self-study hall, the teaching hall, Baiquanxuan, the Imperial Bookstore and the Confucian Temple. It is divided into three parts: lecture hall, book collection and memorial service. All the parts are interconnected and integrated, which completely shows the magnificent momentum of ancient architecture in China.
3. The Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan Province, is close to all sides, but with the central part as the center, connecting Taihua and Hengheng, with four Seguan River arch gods Li Yue Jiuchao, Metropolis, Baoyiluo River and three stormy mountains. Songyang Academy, located at the southern foot of Songshan Mountain, 2.5 kilometers north of Dengfeng City, Henan Province, is backed by Ji Junfeng and faces Shuangxi River. Because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain, it is named Songyang Academy. Founded in the eighth year of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 484), it is called Songyang Temple. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Songyang Temple, and in the Five Dynasties it was changed to Taishi Academy. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, founders of Neo-Confucianism "Luoxue" in Song Dynasty, both gave lectures at Songyang Academy, and since then Songyang Academy has become one of the birthplaces of Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Academy was destroyed by soldiers, and was rebuilt by Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty. Songyang Academy has been supplemented and repaired many times from generation to generation, and its scale has gradually formed and its layout has become increasingly strict. The organizational system of the academy is simple, elegant and generous. In ancient times, Songyang Academy did not simply refer to a courtyard, but consisted of a main courtyard and several single buildings around it, with a wide geographical distribution. Generally speaking, the building is divided into five courtyards, from south to north, which are the gate, the first hall, the lecture hall, the Taoist temple and the library building. In addition to the buildings we saw in Songyang Academy, the more famous ones are Tianguang Yunying Pavilion, Guanlan Pavilion, Chuanshang Pavilion and the Scholar's Pavilion, a villa of Songyang Academy located in Shidiexi, Xiaoyao Valley in the northeast of Songyang Academy. Renzhi Pavilion and other buildings are located in the south of Sangong, south of Qixingling, and under the Jade Everest in the northwest of the Academy.
4. Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, also known as Suiyang Academy and Nanjing Academy. Because Shangqiu was called Suiyang in the Tang Dynasty, it was promoted to Yingtianfu in the third year of Jingde in the Northern Song Dynasty (1006) and to Nanjing in the seventh year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10/4), and it was one of the four major capitals at that time. Shangqiu is close to Bianshui, with convenient transportation and frequent business trips. Since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has developed into a cosmopolitan city. Yingtianfu Academy was set up in the bustling downtown area of Shangqiu in Song Dynasty.