The number of heroes in the Three Kingdoms is Ma Chao.
Meng Chao Ma Chao was born in Maoling, Youfufeng (now Xingping, Shaanxi) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. After General Ma Yuan of Fu Bo, his father Ma Teng was the general of the Western Expedition in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, and Ma Chao led Teng Department, which was known as the general of the Western Expedition in history. In 2 1 1 year, Ma Chao fought Cao in Guanzhong with Han Sui, Cheng Yi and Li Kan, fought fiercely with Cao Cao in Tongguan, and defeated Cao Cao many times between the Yellow River and Weishui. Cao Cao once said: I have no place to die if I die. Among Cao Wei generals, only Chu Xu can match them, so there is a saying that the hero of the Three Kingdoms is Ma Chao.
Later, Cao Cao adopted Jia Xu's plan to alienate Han Ma, forcing Ma Chao to retreat to Longxi. Yangfu said that he won the heart of Qiang Hu. In 2 14 AD, he was defeated by yangfu and went to Hanzhong to follow Zhang Lu, where he took refuge in Liu Bei. Liu Bei was besieged for dozens of days, and Ma Chaobing shocked the city, and Zhang immediately bowed his head.
In 2 19 AD, Liu Bei captured Hanzhong, and Ma Chao and others named Liu Bei as the king of Hanzhong, while Liu Bei named Ma Chao as the left general, tied with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. In 22 1 a.d., Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, moved Ma Chao to be the general of a title of generals in ancient times (the third grade), led Liangzhou animal husbandry and guarded Yangpingguan (now the old city of Mian County). In 222 AD, he died of illness and was buried in situ at the age of 47.
In 227 AD, Zhuge Liang made a northern expedition to Cao Wei, passed by Ma Chao's tomb, made his brother Ma Weixiao, and lit the sacrificial tomb to inspire the soldiers of the three armies to turn grief into strength. Liu Bei praised Ma Chao: faithful to the northern soil, mighty and shining, and Zhuge Liang evaluated Ma Chao: both civil and military, heroic and outstanding, and a lifelong leader.
Chengdu built a tomb for Ma Chao who died of illness in Mianxian County.
Ma Chao died of illness and was buried on the spot, so the real tomb of Ma Chao is in Mian County, but in Xindu, Chengdu people also built a tomb of Ma Chao for him, which is located in Ma Chao Village, Guilin Township, Nansanli, Xindu District, and is a county cultural relics protection site. Due to the lack of information, the time and reason for building the mausoleum became a mystery.
Xindu is the first post station in ancient times that must pass through the north of Chengdu, and is known as the key to the north gate of Chengdu. According to records, the tomb of Ma Chao, which was originally located in the south of the city, is large in scale, facing south, with a height of about 6 meters and a diameter of about 12 meters. There is a dome behind the tomb, and the cypress is dense. The tomb is about 3m wide and10m deep. It includes stone gates, stone boxes and sarcophagus platforms. It is beautifully carved.
The tomb of Ma Chao, located in Xindu, has been concerned by all previous dynasties. In the Ming Dynasty, officials such as Yang Shan, the provincial judge of Sichuan, Wang Jiude, the magistrate of Chengdu, and Shao Nianqi, the magistrate of Xindu, could not see the original appearance because of their age. In order to prevent the loss of Ma Chao's tomb, they all set up a monument in front of Ma Chao's tomb and a China table on Ma Chao's roadside. During the reign of Yongzheng and Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, the local magistrate still kept the habit of repairing cemeteries. In the 12th year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1734), Chen Ming, a magistrate of a county, set up boundary stones around Ma Chao's tomb, forbidding firewood cutting, farming and burial. In the 17th year of Daoguang (1837), Zhang Fengshu, a magistrate of a county, re-measured the cemetery with 740 points per mu. Cypress trees were planted around the tomb, walls were built, tenants were recruited to guard it, sacrifices were made in the Spring and Autumn Period, and a new monument was erected to commemorate the tomb of Meng Qi, a general of the Western Han Dynasty, in order to look spectacular.
Ma Weiqi, the magistrate of Sichuan in Qing Dynasty, was the most important figure to protect Ma Chao's tomb. Ma made many meritorious deeds in the French-Vietnamese War and the Sichuan Uprising. In Xuantongyuannian (1909), Ma Weiqi went to northern Sichuan to inspect military affairs. When he saw Ma Chao's grave, the inscription was lost and he was deeply hurt. He generously donated money, rebuilt three memorial halls in front of the tomb, personally inscribed the plaque welcoming Feng Changzhen, and wrote a book "Ma Lingyuan Records", which was preserved by carving stones, making Ma Chao's mausoleum have a new scale. Ma Weiqi attaches so much importance to Ma Chao's tomb, not only because they are all surnamed Ma, but also of ethnic origin and warriors in Sichuan in history. The most fundamental reason, as Ma Weiqi said, is the worship of the sages and the inspiration to the latecomers.
The legend of ma Chao's apparition
Ertan, a famous note novel in the mid-Ming Dynasty included in the sub-section of Sikuquanshu, records such a story:
Yang Tingyi, a native of Xindu County, Sichuan Province in the Ming Dynasty, was the third brother of Zaifu Yang Tinghe and worked as an official. After his father died, Yang Tingyi bought a cemetery for him. After excavation, he found a tall tombstone, which read: Tomb of General Ma Chao of Han Zuo. Yang Tingyi thought that this land of geomantic omen had been verified, so he buried his father there.
Soon, in a hazy dream, Yang Tingyi dreamed of a man wearing a robe and a jade belt and said to him: I am General Han, don't invade my cemetery. Yang Tingting woke up and didn't take it to heart. Later, I dreamed that Ma Chao was holding a bow, and one arrow hit his left eye, and then another arrow hit his right eye. Yang Tingyi is blind in both eyes. But he decided that the burial place was a treasure trove of feng shui, so he was uncompromising and more determined.
Later, I dreamed that Ma Chao _ Mu was furious and said, I will definitely bring you disaster. Soon after, some people in the Yang family took the old road of businessmen, but they were greedy for money and killed them all. After the story was revealed, she was convicted of a felony that year, so Yang Tingyi was sentenced to abandon the city (a kind of death penalty).
There are still two stone tablets about Ma Chao in the forest of steles in Gui Hu.
The tomb of Ma Chao in Xindu has been damaged to varying degrees in various periods. Today, the monument is destroyed and the inscription is incomplete.
During the Republic of China, a couple of Youjun, who have been famous for thousands of years, wrote two words of thanks and three considerations at Wuhou Temple in Chengdu. Due to the pursuit of Ma Chao after his death, they left a pair of couplets in Xindu that they would never meet Ma, expressing their sentimental feelings about the theft of Ma Chao's tomb.
After the founding of New China, Machao Village Primary School was established here. During the Cultural Revolution, Ma Chao's tomb was completely destroyed, and all the tombstones were emptied, leaving only the dome and inscription behind the tomb.
Now, high-rise buildings have been built on the original tomb of Ma Chao. The road where Ma Chao's tomb is located is named Ma Chao Road, and the community on the original site is named Ma Chao Community. There is a kindergarten (formerly Ma Chao Primary School) in the local area, which is the original site of Ma Chao's tomb.
1985, the people of Xindu County listed Ma Chao's tomb as an important cultural relic site in the county and erected a monument to protect it. 1987 carried out a general survey of the county's cultural relics, and moved two stone tablets to Gui Hu, Sheng 'an, now located in the forest of steles in Gui Hu. A monument is 194 cm high and 88 cm wide, with 24 words in regular script 10, and contains a collection of Ma Chao's short stories. Most of the words are full of troubles, and the screenwriter failed the exam. Another monument is written by Ma Weiqi, "Records of Houma Cemetery in Houqiao Wei, Muju Township, Liangzhou, led by General Han Biaoqi", with a height of 170cm and a width of 88cm, with a figure of ***3 1 line, and each line is 13 words.