For a long time, affected by the traditional concept of "inexhaustible water resources", residents have a weak concept of cherishing and protecting water resources, and residents have no habit of reusing domestic sewage. Before residents have reached the habit of self-discipline and water saving, it is necessary for the government to restrain residents' water use behavior through its own functions (heteronomy). This can not only reduce the pressure of urban water use, but also help residents to form a water-saving concept. In this regard, the government can use administrative means, such as setting a water quota for urban residents and gradually raising the water price exceeding the quota; Raise the water price and sewage treatment charging standard to promote sewage emission reduction and water conservation, implement water conservation incentive system, reward the development of new water-saving technologies, and give economic support to improve old technologies and popularize new water-saving technologies [3]. But the most fundamental thing is to cultivate residents' awareness of self-discipline and water conservation. In addition to using various media, advertisements and columns for publicity, the government can also hold exhibitions of various forms and sizes, or organize enterprises and institutions to hold some small-scale exhibitions in various units and communities to achieve the goal of being known to everyone. At the same time, we should also increase the content of protecting and saving water resources in primary and secondary school textbooks, so that teenagers can establish the awareness of protecting and saving water resources from an early age [4].
It is necessary to further rationalize and gradually increase the price of urban water supply, raise the charging standard of sewage treatment, and promote the purpose of reducing sewage discharge and saving water. Especially in the current situation that the price of urban water supply is generally low, it is necessary to adjust the water price in time and reasonably. In the process of water price adjustment and reform, all localities should formulate the detailed rules for the implementation of the Measures for the Administration of Urban Water Supply Price as soon as possible, establish a water price formation mechanism that meets the requirements of the socialist market economy, and scientifically standardize urban water price management. While adjusting and rationalizing water prices, we should speed up the reform of water supply and drainage industry and enterprise system, introduce market mechanism, reduce costs, strengthen management and improve water use efficiency.
18.3.2 intensify urban water pollution control.
Maintaining the natural form of rivers and good water quality is related to providing a good living environment for urban residents and ensuring the sustainable development of cities. There are many ways to control urban water pollution, among which it is very important to take measures to avoid "ditch" of urban rivers. First, when financial resources permit, gradually establish a complete urban sewage system and build a sewage treatment center to change the phenomenon that rivers are directly discharged into sewage as sewage ditches; The second is to rectify the landscape on both sides of the river, dismantle illegal buildings and relocate heavily polluting enterprises. In the process of regulation, attention should be paid to maintaining the original shape of the river to avoid the loss of the self-purification ability of the river bed cement; Third, on this basis, publicize the benefits of maintaining the beautiful landscape of rivers to residents, expand the scope of door-to-door collection of urban garbage, and take supporting punishment measures to gradually enhance public awareness of environmental protection [5].
In view of the serious problem of industrial wastewater discharge along the Meijiang River, Meizhou Municipal Government strengthened management and dismantled a number of polluting enterprises such as the original Meixian Dongfeng Cement Plant and Meixian Iron and Steel Plant. The paper industry was ordered to rectify, requiring it to take the road of clean production and stop self-pulping. In 2003, the city implemented industrial wastewater treatment projects 1 1, with an investment of1280,000 yuan, and seven wastewater treatment projects were completed. The data of the new sewage treatment capacity of 3020t/d is provided by Meizhou Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant.
. In order to avoid the old road of pollution first and then treatment, the government has intensified its efforts to clean up Meijiang River. In March, 2004, Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant (Figure 18.3) with a total investment of 65 million yuan was put into operation. In that year, * * * treated 7.72 million tons of sewage, including 5140,000 tons of domestic sewage, with a treatment rate of 30.6%. Tai Po, Xingning and Fengshun sewage treatment plants have started construction, with a total investment of 22.73 million yuan; Meicheng continues to carry out recycling management in hogwash fat. Since last year, more than 50 tons of restaurant waste oil/kloc-0 has been recovered in urban areas, which greatly reduced the pollution load of wastewater and protected the water quality of Meijiang River system. In terms of water resources protection, the city has designated 37 first-class water source protection areas with an area of 3 14.69km2, of which the drinking water source protection area of Qingliangshan Reservoir is 109 km2.
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Generally speaking, the urban sewage treatment in Meizhou is far from enough. First of all, we should improve the efficiency of Jiangnan sewage treatment plant and avoid repeating the mistake of "sunbathing" in some domestic sewage treatment plants; Secondly, accelerate the site selection and construction of Jiangbei sewage treatment plant to improve the sewage treatment rate of the whole city; Thirdly, improve the county (city, district) sewage treatment system as soon as possible; Fourth, strictly implement the relevant provisions in the Notice of Meizhou Municipality on Renovating Sewage and Cooking Fume Pollution in Catering Industry, and the competent administrative department of environmental protection should earnestly perform its duties and strengthen the supervision and management of pollution prevention and control; Fifth, the relevant functional departments of industry and commerce, health, planning, urban construction and so on should, according to their respective responsibilities, cooperate with the competent administrative department of environmental protection to rectify the discharged sewage and lampblack pollution.
Strengthen the management of groundwater resources.
The development, utilization and protection of groundwater is not only a resource management problem, but also a planning and construction problem, which is closely related to urban development. The layout and location of water source wells must meet the requirements of urban planning, and at the same time, the exploitation amount should be strictly controlled to prevent land subsidence, which has been precedent in Meizhou City. For example, on August 20th, 2004, Shuangtou Town, Wuhua County suffered a large area collapse due to the rapid change of groundwater level, which destroyed 725 houses and shops, including nearly 200 seriously damaged houses, washed away roads 2. 1km, 2 small bridges, 8 subsidence sites, 445 affected households, 261kloc-0.
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Groundwater is a relatively high-quality water source, which should be mainly used for urban domestic water. In areas where urban public water supply can reach, self-owned water sources shall not be developed, and the exploitation of self-owned water sources shall be strictly controlled and gradually reduced, and self-owned wells shall be gradually closed. Groundwater exploitation in car washing industry should be strictly managed to prevent the loss of resources. For areas with surface water, on the basis of ensuring the balance of mining and replenishment, groundwater is regarded as a strategic reserve or the second water source of the city (Figure 18.3).
Figure 18.3 Meizhou Jiangnan Sewage Treatment Plant
18.3.4 Explore the secondary recycling of sewage.
The reuse of urban sewage is the focus of many experts and scholars in recent years to discuss how to solve the problem of urban water shortage. 80% of urban water supply is converted into sewage, and 70% can be recycled after collection and treatment. This means that through sewage reuse, the urban water consumption can be increased by more than 50% without changing the existing water supply [6]. For Meicheng, increasing the available water resources by 50% means that the expenditure of water supply projects can be reduced, and the possible shortage of water resources in the next few years can be alleviated, which is also an important embodiment of adhering to the sustainable development of water resources.
Non-drinking water that can be reused in a certain range after domestic sewage has been treated to meet the specified water quality standards is usually called reclaimed water [7]. Reclaimed water can be widely used in: first, as a low-quality water source. After treatment, industrial wastewater can replace fresh water as a low-quality water source, such as cooling water in thermal power plants. The second is for irrigation. Agriculture does not require high water quality, and the reclaimed wastewater can be used for farmland irrigation and garden irrigation. Third, it is used for daily water use in some cities. The treated sewage can also be used as water source without direct contact with human body. Such as flushing toilets, watering flowers, flushing cars, urban water environment landscape, etc.
Urban sewage is also a kind of resource. With the development of sewage treatment facilities, the amount of urban sewage treatment is increasing year by year, and the problem of sewage resource utilization should be put on the important agenda. First of all, it is necessary to make overall planning, adjust measures to local conditions, and adopt a combination of centralized and decentralized methods to economically and reasonably determine the construction scale and treatment technology of sewage reuse facilities. Secondly, treated sewage can be used for some industrial water and municipal, sanitation and ecological landscape water. It is necessary to comprehensively plan and solve the problem of insufficient water resources with a strategic vision. Thirdly, on the basis of overall planning of water resources, a comprehensive economic and technical comparison is made between long-distance water transfer and reuse after sewage treatment, so as to make more economical and reasonable use of existing water resources. Fourth, scientifically determine the order of water supply sources, so that surface water comes first, then groundwater, first local water and then transit water.
Although there are still technical and financial constraints in the promotion of sewage recycling in Meicheng, the development and utilization of reclaimed water resources is a powerful means to solve the future water pressure in Meicheng and alleviate the urban water resources problem, which has important guiding significance for the future water management in this city.