"Closed door" is the fundamental reason why China lags behind the West in science and technology, including the fundamental reason why China lags behind in science and technology. To sum up, the main reasons are as follows: (1) The self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy is originally scattered and narrow, and it is impossible to make the scientific application reach a large scale, thus making the emergence and application of modern science lose its proper soil. (2) The decadent feudal exploitation system and the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce hindered the budding development of capitalist relations of production. The poverty of farmers, the narrow domestic market and the land purchase by exploiters restrict the expansion and reproduction of handicraft industry, which makes the development of science and technology lack material basis and motivation. (3) The closed-door policy made China lose the initiative in foreign trade and cut off cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. (4) Cultural autocracy has separated a large number of intellectuals from observing and studying nature. (5) China science and technology is satisfied with practical application, and there is no atmosphere of theoretical discussion and in-depth thinking. (6) Education is backward. China's feudal education took Confucianism as its content, aimed at cultivating feudal officials, and rarely involved production and scientific knowledge. Reasons for the leading position of western science and technology: (1) 14 and 15 th century, with the emergence and development of capitalism, the emerging capitalist mode of production was gradually determined, which promoted the rapid improvement of social productive forces and the high prosperity of commodity economy, and gathered a solid material foundation for the development of science and technology. (2) The spread of the Renaissance and the bourgeois enlightenment liberated people's minds and provided ideological weapons for the development of science and technology. (3) The bourgeois revolution not only consolidated and developed the capitalist mode of production, but also provided a political guarantee for the development of science and technology. (4) Since 1960s, with the development of industrial revolution, science and technology have advanced by leaps and bounds.
Some people may say that it is closed to the outside world, but I beg to differ. Closing the country is not the fundamental reason. China had little communication with the West for thousands of years. Why did something go wrong in the Qing Dynasty? In addition, in the Qing Dynasty, communication with the West increased more than before. In Qing Dynasty, Qin Tiansi was generally held by foreigners, and France was also mentioned in A Dream of Red Mansions. If the country is really closed to the outside world and there is little exchange and trade with foreign countries, how can Lin Zexu say that the opium trade will make the court have little money to repay? In fact, China's backwardness is essentially the lag of cultural tradition and political system, which only accumulated and broke out in the Qing Dynasty.
The main reason is that the specific reasons for the backwardness of science and technology in China can be summarized as follows: (1) The self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy is originally scattered and narrow, and it is impossible to make the scientific application reach a large scale, thus making the emergence and application of modern science lose its proper soil. (2) The decadent feudal exploitation system and the policy of emphasizing agriculture and restraining commerce hindered the budding development of capitalist relations of production. The poverty of farmers, the narrow domestic market and the land purchase by exploiters restrict the expansion and reproduction of handicraft industry, which makes the development of science and technology lack material basis and motivation. (3) The closed-door policy made China lose the initiative in foreign trade and cut off cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. (4) Cultural autocracy has separated a large number of intellectuals from observing and studying nature. (5) China science and technology is satisfied with practical application, and there is no atmosphere of theoretical discussion and in-depth thinking. (6) Education is backward. China's feudal education took Confucianism as its content, aimed at cultivating feudal officials, and rarely involved production and scientific knowledge.