Written record
In the field, use a pencil (2H) to record the observed geological contents on the right page of the field record book according to certain specifications. In addition to reading it yourself, others should also consult the records of wild books. This is the most primitive geological data in a region, which is completely different from class notes or reading notes. In order to facilitate everyone to understand the record, in addition to clear words, it should be recorded in a certain format (Figure 3-8). The recorded items include date, week, weather, location, observation route and number, starting and ending of route and location, tasks, personnel, topographic map number used, observation point number, location, significance, observation content, various measurement data, sample number, photo number and route. Among them, the route number, dot number, sample number and photo number should be recorded in a unified order.
Put forward the following requirements for written records:
1) written records must be completed in the field at that time, and records cannot be imagined or recalled indoors. The content of the record must be the geological phenomenon observed by yourself, and it is absolutely not allowed to copy the contents of other people's field books.
2) Record carefully, with clear words, clear organization and correct format.
3) Only use pencil (preferably 2H) to record, not other pens.
4) The mistakes can be deleted or corrected with a pencil, not erased and rewritten with an eraser, and the waste pages are not allowed to be torn off. When handing in the field record book, the page number should be complete and cannot be omitted.
5) The field record book is specially used to record field geological phenomena. It is not allowed to record anything except those related to geology.
Figure 3-8 Schematic Diagram of Text Record Format of Field Record Book
His content.
6) After the on-site notebook is used up (after work), it shall be kept by the Shanghai Stock Exchange in the unit or the competent department and shall not be lost. If it is lost, it must be reported to the teacher or the competent unit immediately.
7) To record the elements that appear, start a new line and use some symbols to represent them. For example, the occurrence of regional geological elements is expressed as 200 ∠ 25.
(2) Map records
Various geological profiles, geological sketches, etc. They are all drawn on the left page (centimeter paper) of the field record book to match the written record. At the scene, some phenomena are difficult to express clearly in words. In order to express the observed geological phenomena more clearly and vividly, charts can be used to express their contents. Illustration can explain the geological content concisely, intuitively, clearly and vividly, so that readers can quickly and correctly understand what the recorder said and establish the concept of space.
Figure 3-9 Relative Location Map of Various Contents in Geological Map
Better than written records or even photos. There are many kinds of maps, and you can draw different maps according to your needs. Commonly used in the practice of first-year geological understanding are: ① geological sketch profile; (2) schematic diagram; ③ Brief introduction of geological stationery. No matter what kind of map it is, it must have the following contents: map name, scale, orientation, legend and geological content, etc. Their relative position is shown in Figure 3-9, and the legend can also be placed between the scale and the map name. Drawing requires correct content, reasonable structure, uniform, clear, neat and beautiful lines (see Figure 2-4, Figure 4-5 and Figure 4-9).
1) Sketch: It is a map that vividly and truly depicts typical and important geological contents. Geological sketch is similar to photography, but it is different from photography. Photography is a purely intuitive reflection, regardless of primary and secondary, while geological sketch can highlight key points and remove some secondary parts or interference factors. Observers can make choices as needed to make the drawing concise, clear and vivid, as shown in Figure 2-4. The drawing steps are as follows: ① Select geological content; (2) determine the direction of the sketch; ③ Determine the scale according to the requirements; (4) Sketch the geological content according to the actual relative position; (5) mark the name, legend, etc.
2) Schematic diagram: a map drawn by vertically projecting geological phenomena onto a horizontal plane. On the plan, the relative position of geological content is displayed, as shown in Figure 4-5. The methods are as follows: ① Select the drawing range (determined according to the geological content to be represented); ② The selected scale. (3) drawing geological boundaries; (4) Mark the orientation, graphic name, legend, feature name, etc.
3) Geological profile: It is a map that realistically reflects geological phenomena such as stratum, structure and stratum contact relationship observed on a certain route on the topographic profile, as shown in Figure 4-9. Because the relative position of geological content is estimated or measured by naked eyes, rather than measured, it is called alphabetic hand profile. However, the geological phenomena reflected in the map must be correct and true, and cannot be fictional. Complex geological phenomena can be simplified, the main content can be expressed, and the secondary content can be deleted, making the drawing clearer. The methods are as follows: ① Determine the orientation of the section line (baseline), which is generally required to be perpendicular to the stratum strike line or geological structure line; (2) Determine the scale, and choose the appropriate scale according to the length of the actual section, so that the drawn section will not be too long or too short, and at the same time meet the needs of expressing various geological contents and make the drawing beautiful; (3) According to the selected section orientation and scale, outline the terrain outline (terrain line), project it on the grid paper (the left page of the field book) according to the intersection of contour line and section line on the topographic map according to the elevation and horizontal distance, and then connect the adjacent points according to the actual situation of the terrain, that is, form the terrain line (terrain section); (4) Use a protractor to measure the units and occurrences divided by various geological contents as required, and cast them on the position of corresponding points on the topographic profile (topographic line) (i.e. the intersection of geological boundary and topographic line). The occurrence of geological boundaries must be measured with a protractor, such as the occurrence of geological boundaries is 270 ∠ 60; ⑤ Represent various geological contents with various general models and codes; ⑥ Mark the drawing name, legend, scale, section direction and feature name on the section.
(3) Indoor finishing
Content (text, map, etc.). ) If you record it in the field, you should tidy it up when you go back indoors. In principle, the text cannot be changed, but the contents that are not recorded in time due to various reasons such as rain can be supplemented according to the specimens or memories collected on the same day, or some wrong contents can be corrected, but the words "supplement" or "comment" must be added to avoid confusion with field records. The drawings in the field record book should be clearly drawn and painted with ink. The method is to use a pencil with a drawing pen to draw ink one by one along the lines drawn on the spot to supplement the unfinished content, such as legends and titles.