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Why is it fake?
Those who question the authenticity of "the right to release soldiers by drinking" mainly hold the following views: First, it is not recorded in official documents.
At present, when telling this story, most people usually quote Li Tao's statement in the second volume of A Mirror of Sustainable Capital Management. However, some experts believe that the materials on which Li's writing is based are not from official history books, and the credibility is not high. Li Tao himself once commented on a passage behind this story: "This is the biggest thing, but the official history and the factual record are omitted. Unfortunately, we are chasing books now. " In other words, it is a pity that such an important event is not recorded in official historical materials. I'll write it down now and talk about it in detail So, what is the basis of Li Dao's elaboration? He went on to write: "Wang Zeng's Record is actually true, and now it comes from it. In terms of writing, I take Notes more than Ding Weisong's Talk. " In other words, Li's materials are mainly three kinds of notes of Song people: Wang Zeng's Record, Sima Guang's Su Shui Ji and Ding Wei's Tan Lu in Song Dynasty.
Such an important event. Why is it not recorded in official history books but vividly described in note novels? We might as well see how these notes describe this matter.
The earliest record of this matter in the Song Dynasty can be found in Ding Wei's Tan Lu in the Song Dynasty. Ding Wei, a native of Song Dynasty, was once the prime minister of Zhenzong, and he had access to the state's core confidential files. Tan Lu contains: One day, Zhao Pu told Mao not to let Shi Shouxin and Wang Shenqi control the imperial army. Mao asked why, would they rebel? Zhao Pu replied that although they won't rebel, their level of controlling subordinates is not enough. If their subordinates rebel, I'm afraid they will help themselves. Mao said with a smile: You worry too much. These people are bosom friends and won't let me down. Zhao Pu asked: Didn't your majesty fail Zhou Shizong? This sentence made Song Taizu suddenly realize, so he adopted Zhao Pu's suggestion and deprived the imperial generals of their military power.
The above records show that the planner of this story is actually Zhao Pu, and there is no scene of drinking and eating.
Later, Wang Zeng (Ren Zongchao was then prime minister) began to enrich the records in Historical Records. Mao listened to Zhao Pu's suggestion and thought for a long time, but he still wanted to give a banquet to entertain people. At the banquet, Mao first recalled the hard years of struggle and the intimate comrade-in-arms relationship between comrades. Then he turned around and said, you and I are just brothers. We shouldn't be so suspicious. But the officials made my head spin. What do you think I should do? "If you choose the benefits today, you should keep the foreign Francisco and not discuss the replacement. This is enough to pay the rent and be self-sufficient. Isn't swimming and death a pleasure? "(The Official History of Wang Wenzheng) Why don't you choose your own land of geomantic omen, go out of town, set up a wide range of industries, and be rich? Wouldn't everyone be happy? Mao also said that he was willing to marry everyone to protect his wealth. Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others kowtowed to give thanks, and soon handed over the relieving and went to the local area to enjoy a better life.
This description has taken shape as "a glass of wine releases the rights of soldiers". When Sima Guang wrote Su Shui Ji, he made a more detailed supplement to Song Taizu's dialogue between monarch and minister. When telling this story, Director Li mainly focuses on the words in Shui Shui Ji, taking into account the narratives in Shi Lu and Tan Lu. But in any case, it is really difficult to convince the public without the support of official historical materials.
The second view of the skeptics is that "the right to release soldiers with a glass of wine" does not record the exact time. The above three notes omit the time of the incident. If this really happened, even the conversation between the monarch and the minister was described. Why didn't you explain it when it happened? For this reason, in the long edition of "Continuing the History as a Mirror", Director Li set the time of this incident as July of the second year of the Stegosaurus (96 1), on the grounds that Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others all went to work in the local area after July this year, but this obviously cannot be used as conclusive evidence that the "right to drown one's sorrows by drinking" occurred in July.
Sceptics' third point of view is that it is impossible for Song Taizu to hold a banquet for the generals around July of the second year of Stegosaurus. Because in June of that year, Mao's mother, Empress Dowager Du, passed away. According to etiquette, July is a national mourning period, and drinking is forbidden in the palace. As a filial mother, Song Taizu won't violate the etiquette and feast with the generals, so the authenticity of releasing soldiers' rights with a glass of wine is doubtful.
So, this important event at the time of the founding of the Song Dynasty was really invented by later scholars?
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Why is it not true?
Let's answer a question first, that is, how reliable are the three notes written by Li Tao, and can they be used as the basis for writing official history?
According to the "History of Song Dynasty", Wang Zeng "has something in common, smiling quietly, and people dare not be selfish." That is to say, he is very principled in dealing with people, usually unsmiling, and others dare not expect anything from him. Besides, he hates all illusory things. Once when he was working as a county magistrate in a foreign country, there was a so-called "hat demon disturbing the people" in his jurisdiction, which means that a monster who looks like a hat came to disturb the people at night, which made everyone panic. When Wang Zeng heard the news, he ordered the government to open the door at night to reassure the people, and at the same time sent more people to patrol the streets. In case of rumors, they will be caught immediately, and finally prove that the so-called monsters are bad people. Will such a person tamper with his own recorded historical events? In addition, Sima Guang, the author of Sushui Story, is recognized as a serious and rigorous master in the history circle. Will he make up the story of "a glass of wine to disarm and return to the field" without any evidence?
It should be said that "the right to release soldiers" definitely exists. As early as two years in March, Mao dismissed Mr. Murong, the commander of the imperial guard and pro-army, and let them go out of the city. Before they left, Mao personally hosted a banquet to see them off, and asked them to establish extensive industries in the local area, and promised to leave their wealth to their descendants. It seems to be Mao's consistent practice to let the heavily armed generals leave the central government and have fun elsewhere. So he sent Shi Shouxin and other brothers to be local tyrants, which is not without routine, and it is by no means a temporary thing. Therefore, even if there is no "wine in a glass", we can't deny the existence of "the right to release troops". The notes of Sima Guang and others are nothing more than rationalizing the specific content on the premise of real historical events.
So, is it possible for Taizu to relieve the hero of his military power by feasting? It's quite possible.
First of all, although Du Taihou passed away in June, according to the traditional system of changing seasons, the emperor can lift the mourning period within 25 days. What is "exchanging the sun for the moon"? Generally speaking, when parents die, children should be filial for three years, which is actually 25 months. Because 24 months is two years and 25 months is three years. However, as a busy son of heaven, it is impossible to be truly filial for 25 months, otherwise the country will be in a mess. Therefore, the son of heaven can use one day to represent a month, that is, 25 days of filial piety, not 25 months. Du Taihou died on June 2, so Song Taizu can lift the mourning period at the end of June, and there will be no problem in hosting a banquet with the generals in July.
Besides, Mao was a heavy drinker all his life. He once said to himself, "Every time I get drunk because of a banquet, I have no regrets." (Su Shui Moon Hee) Besides getting as drunk as a fiddler at the party, there are many records of his drinking in many important events related to Mao. In the Chen Qiao mutiny, he pretended not to know anything by getting drunk. Therefore, drinking is not only a hobby for Song Taizu, but also a common means and skill. Why don't we also use this method to relieve the old general of his military power?
To sum up, one day in July of the second year of Stegosaurus, Song Taizu was in high spirits and laughing, and successfully recovered the relieving power of the generals, which was basically credible. Although the literati's pen and ink will inevitably have exaggerated and exaggerated elements in the description, there is no doubt about the authenticity of this incident.
03
It's not the same thing.
Some people may say that even if it is true to "have a drink to disarm and return to the field", there is still a question: will this veteran with heavy power hand over power just because he has a drink?
Indeed, this statement is not unreasonable. You know, the Five Dynasties replaced by the Song Dynasty is an era of supremacy of violence. Whoever has thick arms and big fists is the boss. As the saying goes, "Does the son of heaven have seeds? The soldiers are strong in Ma Zhuang. " ("The History of the New Five Dynasties, An Chongrong Biography") "The Stegosaurus period was shortly after the end of the Five Dynasties, and this superstition of force did not completely disappear. In that case, why did Shi Shouxin and other generals submit between banquets? In fact, Song Taizu made a lot of preparations for this wine. What seems to happen overnight is actually the result of the interaction of multiple events.
First of all, when the Northern Song Dynasty was established, our ambassador to Zhao Yi, Li Junhe, and ambassador to Chengde, Li Zhongjin, all raised anti-flags. Thanks to Song Taizu's timely action and good command, these two rebellions were quickly put down without causing big waves. The victories of the two counter-insurgency wars gave powerful shocks to the provinces at that time, making them understand that times have changed and the new boss is not easy to mess with. Then, while the iron was hot, they quietly relieved Mr. Murong and Han, the two commanders with the highest status and the oldest qualifications in the imperial army, and let them leave the town. In this way, even if someone wants to jump out again, it is impossible. The top leader has been removed, who will continue to toss with the second and third leaders? Moreover, this recall is not never used again, but he was appointed from the central government to the local government with generous treatment. Now that conditions are better than before, why not go? In this way, Shi Shouxin, Wang Shenqi and others "obedient" is not difficult to understand.
In addition, this group of imperial generals have long been accustomed to being different from Song Taizu. Although they were all comrades-in-arms and brothers who fought with Mao, during a series of expeditions to the north before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China in the Song Dynasty, they felt Mao's heroic domineering and learned that this was not an ordinary superior, so they were more willing to obey his orders and serve him. In addition, Song Taizu himself has been in the position of the Supreme Commander of the Imperial Army, and has been inspecting in front of the temple for many years. Through the combination of kindness and kindness, all his subordinates obeyed. Therefore, when Lao Zhao's yellow robe becomes the son of heaven, those heroes, even brothers of life and death, have to abide by the minister's heaven before such a powerful boss. Therefore, the success of "a glass of wine" is the result of Song Taizu's continuous improvement and consolidation of his power. This long-term unremitting efforts made him finally form an overwhelming advantage in the game with the imperial generals.
It can be said that although "drinking poison to quench thirst" contains romantic and exaggerated elements, and there is no lack of later literati's deliberate beautification of Song Taizu, it is not a myth. Through this incident, the Song Dynasty better solved the problem that the generals of the unified army were too proud to fail and avoided repeating the short-lived failure of the Five Dynasties. But also created a precedent for rationally solving the relationship between the founding emperor and the hero, which also had a far-reaching impact on the overall prosperity of the culture and economy in the Song Dynasty.