Although the whole world is not the king's land, and the other side of the land is not the king's people, the yeoman who broke down from the slave society is owned by the royal family, and then evolved from the land system granted by the state to the vast majority of land. Compared with slave ownership and state public ownership, this production relationship has made great progress in developing productive forces. Because slaves had no personal freedom during slavery, tenants and landlords in feudal times only had a contractual relationship of leasing land. Therefore, judging from the law of historical development, the latter is a great progress in history than the former.
People and land, the history of human development is mostly the relationship between people and land. In ancient times, when there were few people and many people, they all fought for slave jobs. Gradually, with fewer people and more people, we fought for the city and the land. So there was a war, and a large number of people would die after the war. Change the dynasty, gradually recover, more people. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, the "Hongwu Massacre" took place, so Jiangxi was dragged, Hunan was filled, and a big immigrant came. For example, people who moved to Changning, Hunan, marked it as a record when they first came, and let the people occupy the land. Later, they moved from Hunan to Sichuan. For more than two thousand years in China, people have been fighting for land. This is the indissoluble bond between man and land in farming society.
In western society, due to the rapid development of science and technology and modernization, people's development has gradually turned to secondary and tertiary industries, and the relationship between man and land has gradually eased. Therefore, their entrepreneurs and landlords applied the capitalist business model to land management and turned it into a modern agricultural enterprise. Destroyed landlords and peasants.
However, in underdeveloped and developing countries and regions, due to the lag of science and technology, the production efficiency is low, while the population has greatly increased, and people who rely on land for a living have become a serious problem. So in the early years of the Republic of China, people of insight began to transfer to urban industry and commerce. However, due to the country's unrest, years of war and social instability during the Republic of China, industrialists and businessmen were the first to bear the brunt, so capitalists transferred part of their capital to the countryside to buy land in order to settle down. This is also one of the reasons why China's industry and commerce are difficult to develop and the number of landlords is not reduced.
China's traditional cultural concept is to return to the roots. Anyone who is an official in business outside the country will go to the countryside to buy real estate before he is old. Once you are old, you will retire to your hometown, or if something goes wrong, you will retire to the countryside and squat. It's called the three caves of cunning rabbits. This is another example of rural backwardness in China, but people still want to settle in the countryside. Therefore, it is one of the reasons to reduce the difficulty of landlords.
Second, why can landlord ownership exist for more than two thousand years in historical development?
1, rural people need interpersonal communication, borrow money and things, and land sales naturally occur in the middle, which also forms a normal social order. As a result, the land is constantly changing, and the rich and the poor are sometimes divided. Those who own more land become landlords, those who have no land or less land become poor peasants or farm labourers, those who own more land and can support their families become middle peasants, those who own more land or rent other people's land for farming, or rent some land for others to farm, and those who want to live a better life in the future are called rich peasants. So people in farming society are divided into many classes according to how much land they own. But this is not once and for all, just as the old saying goes: "The kindness of a gentleman must be cut in the five generations", and the folks also say: "Poor but not three generations, rich but not three generations", "Thirty years east of the river, thirty years west of the river", the so-called "Feng Shui turns", "How poor is, how rich is rooted." These are all descriptions of the changes between the rich and the poor.
There are many reasons for dividing the land: because people have talent, there is a difference between wisdom and stupidity, and there is a difference between acquired talent and unfilial. There are natural and man-made disasters, and the advantages and disadvantages of opportunities also change occasionally. There are not only the benefits passed down by parents and grandparents, but also personal ruin. Tao Qian's Peach Blossom Garden is a society in which men plow and women weave, and there is no difference between people. Finally, the fishermen lost their way. Therefore, in a diversified interpersonal society, risks and opportunities coexist.
2. People can not only have romantic dreams come true, but also need to eat and drink Lazar realistically. Especially in the farming society, people should not only work at sunrise every day, rest at sunset and fill their stomachs, but also get married and have children, start a family, carry on the family line, fight disasters and treat diseases, support the elderly and die happily, which is the proper meaning of being a human being. At that time, there was no industrialization, and all the above problems were solved by buying, selling or renting land. Therefore, poor peasants rent land or act as agents to survive, middle peasants buy land to ensure food and clothing, and rich peasants develop by accumulating maps. Mencius, an ancient philosopher, said: People have no constant production and perseverance. Otherwise, what is yours is mine, and what is mine is yours, and the world will not be too messy. But can people work so hard all their lives? For the sake of this family, so I want to finally get happiness and enjoy happiness. So the landlord came into being. In this sense, the landlord class is the previous goal of farmers. So the landlord is also a national savings bank.
3, but it's not over yet. With the development of social civilization, I further thought of caring for myself and paying attention to social groups. This idea is not something that farmers can think of alone. Even if they can, they can't do it without financial resources. For example, we should not only send our children to school, but also conduct ethnic studies and rural studies to cultivate social talents. In the past, the imperial court set up courses to select talents, but the key link of cultivating scholars was completed by the people from the beginning to the examination. Therefore, the landlord is the only force for the country to train and transport talents. As for the patriotic education of the people, it was also handed down by the landlords. This phenomenon was not until the imperial examination abolished schools in the late Qing Dynasty that education was transferred to schools. Rural schools and even institutions of higher learning are mostly run by landlords and their gentry.
4. Others, such as maintaining rural public order, developing culture, social relief, caring for public welfare, ancestor worship and inheriting morality, naturally fall on the landlord group. The landlord pays, and the elite gentry and patriarch of the landlord work hard, so the society is orderly. At that time, the government was not in the county, and the management of all public affairs in the countryside was undertaken by the gentry and nationalities among the landlords. Even at that time, there were some talents from poor backgrounds, but many of them had deep relationships with landlords, or were sent to private schools sponsored by landlords, or obtained with the support of local and international public property. People who make it entirely by themselves, unless they are warriors who throw plows and hoes into the army.
Historically, most of the time, land and grain were mainly expropriated according to the land, and the landlord had a lot of land, so naturally most of this burden fell on the landlord. Therefore, the landlord is a strong supporter of national finance. Even if there is conscription, landlords rarely pay, but they must pay.
Therefore, the landlord class was an important pillar of rural social harmony and stability at that time.
So you can change the regime in China, unless the war directly burns to the villagers' homes, it will be difficult to make chaos. This is also the result of long-term maintenance of China feudal society. Therefore, from the perspective of historical development, the landlord group should have its historical contribution in the long farming society for thousands of years. Take the rise of countless peasant revolutions in the history of China, most of them were led by the elite of the landlord class. China * * * is a producer party in the revolutionary history, and many elites from the landlord class led the peasant revolution.
Of course, as long as there is a crowd, there must be good people and bad people in any class, and the landlord class can't escape this law. Good guys, bad guys, good guys, bad guys. However, from the perspective of the whole landlord class in the farming era, it should be admitted that it still has its due role in history. This is the social value of landlords. The survival of the landlord class for thousands of years.