The ancient villages and houses in Jiangnan water town flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties, and the favorable local geological and climatic conditions provided many building materials to choose from. It is manifested in the architectural style of borrowing scenery for the virtual and making scenery for the real, emphasizing the openness and clarity of space and requiring a strong cultural atmosphere. The building aims to decorate the exterior of the countryside. Build roads, bridges, academies, memorial archways and ancestral temples. Feng shui castle, etc. Trying to make the environment reach a perfect and beautiful state, although the scale is small and the content is slightly simple, it is nuanced. In artistic style, it has a simple local flavor. For example:
Zhejiang Wuzhen Zhejiang Tangxi Town Zhejiang Nanxun Town Zhejiang Nanxun Xiaolianzhuang Zhejiang Nanxun Hundred Buildings Shaoxing Anchang Ancient Town Zhejiang Shaoxing Santan Yinyue Wenzhou Cangpo Ancient Village Wenzhou Furong Ancient Village Wenzhou Yantou Ancient Village Zhejiang Taishunqiao Township Jiangsu Jiaozhi Ancient Town Shanghai jinze town Shanghai Zhujiajiao Town Jiangsu Zhouzhuang Jiangsu Tongli Town Suzhou Tongli Residence Jiangsu Taicang shaxi town Jiangsu Xuzhou Yaowan Town.
Hui nationality residence
Residential building is the earliest building type in history. The formation and development of residential architectural landscape are mainly influenced by natural factors and social factors. Huizhou ancient dwellings are natural and quaint, quiet and elegant. Not artificial, not artificial, natural and generous, conform to the situation, maintain harmony with nature, rely on nature; It is out of date, out of date, out of date. Abide by the ancient system, adhere to the tradition, and admire Confucianism. For example:
Ancient Dwellings in Xidi Village, Anhui Hongcun Ancient Dwellings in Tunxi Old Street, Anhui Sanhe Ancient Town, Anhui Nanping Ancient Village, Anhui Tang Yue Paifang Group, Jiangxi Likeng Residential Buildings, Wuyuan Ziyang Residential Buildings
Ancient cities and houses in the north
Residential building is the earliest building type in history. The formation and development of residential architectural landscape are mainly influenced by natural factors and social factors. The quadrangle buildings in the north are magnificent, tall and luxurious, rough and delicate, with three-dimensional expression, showing a steady posture and full of ritualized architectural characteristics. For example:
Beijing Siheyuan Shanxi Qiaojia Courtyard Shanxi Pingyao Ancient City Shanxi Pingyao Wang Jia Courtyard Shanxi Pingyao Caojia Courtyard Shanxi Pingyao Qujia Courtyard Shanxi Linfen Ding Cun Residential Building Shanxi Yuci Changjia Courtyard Shaanxi Dangjia Village Tianjin Shi Jia Courtyard Ancestor Ancient Dwellings Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Mongolian Cave Ding Cun Residential Building
Chuanyugu villager home
Bashu culture is extensive and profound, and the ancient dwellings in Sichuan and Chongqing have both romantic and unrestrained artistic style and rich imagination. The buildings near the mountains and rivers are closely related to the local ethnic customs, and have a very unique cultural atmosphere, which is both heroic and elegant. For example:
Sichuan Dwellings Sichuan Lizhuang Ancient Town Sichuan Shangli Ancient Town Sichuan Luocheng Ancient Town Sichuan Huanglongxi Ancient Town Sichuan Zhaohua Ancient Town Sichuan Luodai Ancient Town Sichuan Yaoba Ancient Town Sichuan Luoquan Ancient Town Sichuan Langzhong Ancient Town Sichuan Moxi Ancient Town Sichuan Tao Ping Qiangzhai Sichuan Xiaoxi Ancient Town Sichuan Hongya Gaomiao Ancient Town Kangba Tibetan Dwellings Sichuan Yongjiang Ancient Town Chongqing Gongtan Ancient Town
Lingnan ancient village house
The ancient folk houses in Lingnan area have distinct local characteristics and individual characteristics, and contain rich cultural connotations. Besides paying attention to its practical function, we should pay more attention to its own spatial form, artistic style, national tradition and its coordination with the surrounding environment. For example:
Guangxi Huangyao Ancient Town Guangxi Guilin Dawei Ancient Town Guangxi Nanning Yangmei Ancient Town Guangdong Shunde Fengjian Ancient Village Chaoshan Rural Traditional Dwellings
Residential buildings in ancient towns of Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan
There are many ancient buildings in Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan, and there are many large and medium-sized buildings (big houses, halls, shops, temples, ancestral halls, etc.). ) in the town, there are buildings; Small buildings (ordinary houses and shops) are free and flexible. The roof slope is steep, the wing angle is high, the decoration is exquisite and rich, and there are many carvings. It is famous for its exquisite and elegant style. For example:
Hunan furong town Hunan Xiangxi Fenghuang Ancient City Xiangxi Diaojiao Building Hunan Xiangxi Huilongge Diaojiao Building Hubei Jingzhou Ancient City Guizhou Zhenyuan Ancient Town Guizhou Guiyang Qingyan Ancient Town Guizhou Dong Nationality Residence Yunnan Jianshui Ancient City Yunnan Old Town of Lijiang Daijia Bamboo Building
cave dwelling
The middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in China are the world-famous Loess Plateau. People living on the Loess Plateau have built unique houses-caves by using the deep loess layer and excellent three-dimensional performance. Cave dwellings are divided into earth kiln, stone kiln and brick kiln. Earth kiln is a loess cave dug by hillside, which is warm in winter and cool in summer, and has the best thermal insulation and sound insulation effect. Stone kilns and brick kilns are all arched holes made of stone or brick first, and then covered with thick loess, which is firm and beautiful. Because building caves does not require reinforced cement, the cost is relatively low. With the development of society and the continuous improvement of cave construction, caves on the Loess Plateau, which are warm in winter and cool in summer, are more and more comfortable and beautiful.
Anhui ancient dwellings
In the south of Anhui Province, there are many old houses. Most of these ancient houses are made of brick and wood and surrounded by high walls. Houses within the fence are generally three-bay or five-bay two-story buildings. Larger houses have two, three or more courtyards; There is a pool in the yard, bonsai plants are planted in front of and behind the hall, and exquisite patterns are carved on the beams and columns everywhere. A small building and a deep courtyard are like the art world. Architects all praised it as "a treasure house of ancient residential buildings".
the Hakka earth buildings of Fujian
Tulou is the residence of Hakkas in Guangdong and Fujian. The most distinctive feature is the round earth building. The round building consists of two or three circles, the outer circle is more than ten meters high, and there are one or two hundred rooms. The first floor is a kitchen and dining room, the second floor is a warehouse, and the third and fourth floors are bedrooms. The second circle has two floors, 30 to 50 rooms, usually guest rooms; In the middle is the ancestral hall, which can accommodate hundreds of people for public activities. There are wells, bathrooms and toilets in the tulou, just like a small city. The tall and peculiar Hakka earth buildings have been praised by architects all over the world.
Mongolian yurt
Mongolian yurts are also called "felt bags". Mongolian traditional houses. Popular in pastoral areas such as Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A house with a round raised roof made of thick wool felt. There are two kinds: mobile and fixed. More mobile buildings will be built in pastoral areas. Usually about 2.5 meters high and 4 meters in diameter. There is a round sky above the bag, which is ventilated with smoke. The door is small and faces south or southeast. It has the characteristics of simple manufacture, convenient handling, cold resistance and suitability for nomadism. It is a typical nomadic house in northern China, which can be demolished. It has the characteristics of simple manufacture, easy assembly and cold resistance.
A wooden/bamboo house supported by wooden supports, with ladders extending upward.
Although this kind of building is only two or three stories high, it is not easy to "hang" on the water and hillside, just like a castle in the air. There are feet in a building. The so-called "feet" are actually a few thick wooden stakes supporting the building. The diaojiao building, built near the water, has two long front "feet" sticking out and deeply inserted into the river, supporting the building together with the wall foundation on the other side of the river bank; On the mountainside, the first two "feet" of the diaojiao building stand firmly on the low side, supporting and balancing the building with the wall foundation on the other side. There are also some diaojiao buildings built on the flat ground, supported from the ground by several equal-length wooden stakes. Miao people's diaojiao buildings are generally built on slopes, divided into two or three floors. The top floor is very short, and only food can't live in people. Stack sundries downstairs or make a barn. Two floors without a top floor. Generally, bamboo paste is used as the wall, and the top is covered with grass. According to Hunan local chronicles, this structure of Diaojiaolou was originally designed to avoid the intrusion of poisonous snakes and beasts.
brief and clear
It's a building, but it actually has only one floor, but the whole house is propped up with wooden stakes, and it's also a castle in the air. There are generally 50 wooden stakes under the bamboo building. The open space between wooden stakes is a warehouse for stacking sundries, and some people use it to raise pigs and pen cattle. As for why Dai people have made bamboo houses their home since ancient times, it is probably because they live high above the ground, which can protect them from moisture and wild animals.
Shanghai folk houses
When it comes to Shanghai's folk houses, naturally I think of Shikumen, which is the most characteristic folk house in Shanghai.
/kloc-In the late 20th century, houses built with traditional wood structures and load-bearing brick walls began to appear in Shanghai. Because the outer door of this kind of residence is made of stone, it is called "Shikumen".
Pavilion, living room, wing, patio, second landlord, white-faced wife, seventy-two tenants and other terms related to Shikumen have all become warm memories of old Shanghainese.
Shikumen architecture prevailed in the 1920s, accounting for more than three quarters of residential buildings at that time. Shikumen is mostly a two-story building with brick and wood structure. Inclined roofs often have tiger windows, red brick exterior walls and traditional archways in China. The gate consists of two solid black painted wooden doors, which rotate with wooden shafts and are usually equipped with knockers. The knocking at the entrance and exit echoed in the ancient Shikumen Hutong. The lintel adopts the traditional brick-carved green tile roof, and the outer wall is carved with western-style buildings. There is a balcony on the second floor, and the overall layout adopts European townhouse style.