Jichang Garden is the representative of China Villa Garden.
Located at the eastern foot of Huishan, it covers an area of 14.85 mu.
Although the garden is small, it can make use of mountains and rivers, carefully lay out, skillfully surround Huishan and Xishan with scenery, and create infinite artistic conception with limited space, which has become an outstanding example of classical gardens in China.
1988 Jichang Garden is listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Historical Evolution and Origin of the Name of Jichang Garden
The establishment history of Jichang Garden can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty. Its predecessor was Qin's hometown, hence the name "Qin Garden".
The first generation owner of this garden was Fengshan, a descendant of Qin Guan, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty.
During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, he successively served as five ministers: the official department, the household department, the ritual department, the military department and the criminal department. In order to retire to his hometown for the aged, he made use of Nanyin Temple and Yu Hui Temple, which were originally Huishan Temple, and initially laid the rudiment of the garden. Because Qin Jin was named "Fengshan", it was named "Gu Feng Walking and Lying".
In the 19th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (159 1), Qin Yao, a third-generation gardener, was dismissed because of frustration in officialdom, which drove him to show his affection between mountains and rivers. It took him seven years to build 20 more landscapes on the basis of the "Valley of People".
After the completion of the new garden, take Wang Xizhi's poem "Le Renzhi, send a pleasant landscape; Because of the freezing weather, the wrasse went into the sea and the bamboo forest was loose, so it was named "Jichang Garden".
In the 14th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1657), Qin Dezao, a descendant of Qin family, specially invited Zhang Nanyuan, a famous gardener, to design and renovate the garden. His nephew Zhang Wu was responsible for the construction, carefully stacked stones in the garden and introduced Huishan Spring.
Thanks to the creativity of a generation of famous Zhang Nanyuan, Jichang Garden is more beautiful and famous.
The emperors of Kanggan Dynasty attached great importance to Jichang Garden. During the period of 100, their grandparents and grandchildren visited the south of the Yangtze River for six times, and visited the Qichang Garden every time.
Kangxi also specially wrote the stone carvings of "Mountain Stream" and "Loose Wind and Water Moon" for Jichang Garden.
Qianlong even spent a lot of money to build a "Huishan Garden" in Beijing Wanshou Mountain, which is now a "fun garden" in the Summer Palace.
Gufengxing Sleeping Hall-Ice Auditorium-Han Zhenzhai-Jiushitai-Adjacent to Van Gogh.
On the wall on the right side of the main hall, the stone carving "Jichang Yuanji" of the Ming Dynasty is engraved.
Through the hall, there are two carved stones in the courtyard, and on the right is the "mountain color and stream light" inscribed by Kangxi, which summarizes the domestic scenery; On the left is the inscription "Imperial Jin Jia Cong" by Qianlong, praising the wonderful spring sound of Bayin Cave in the garden.
Further on, there is the hall of "People Walk in the Valley", and the plaque inscribed by Zhu hangs in the middle of the hall with three doors.
Gufeng Hangwo is the earliest name of Jichang Garden.
Qin Jin, the first owner of Jichang Garden, was named "Fengshan", and Huishan was commonly known as Longshan. In contrast to "Fengshan", he pointed out that this place is the treasure house of Fengzang Longshan.
The current hall was rebuilt during the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty. On the pillar in front of the hall hung the couplet of Weng Tonghe, a seal script written by Gao Shinong in Jin Shijia, Wuxi: "The trees are shaded, the clouds are light and the smoke is light; Fengze district is clean, cheerful and harmonious.
The east gate of the corridor is called "Invasion of Cloud", which is another name of Xifeng Tower, and the shadow of Xifeng Tower is expected here.
You 'anmen is a "moon-blocking" gate overlooking Kowloon Peak. Because the peak height blocks the moonlight, it is named "blocking the moon".
Coming out of the "blocking the moon" gate, there is a Soviet-style small courtyard with a small pool in the middle and Taihu stone around it.
The surrounding red column cloister connects the whole courtyard, and there is a moon gate at each end of the cloister, which is called "Ningcui" and "Han Xiu" respectively.
On the wall of the gallery, there are some stone carvings of "Jichang Garden Fa Tie".
The "Ice Auditorium" in the south of the courtyard is simple and elegant, decorated with wooden floor-to-ceiling windows and fans 18.
This is the place where ceremonies are held. It is said that the name of this hall is to commemorate Guan Gong.
After Guan Yu was placed under house arrest by Cao Cao, he was only given a room to test Guan Yu. Guan Yu gave his room to his sister-in-law, and stood outside the door, reading by moonlight until dawn.
Cao Cao admired this very much.
The owner of the garden worships Guan Gong even more, and the title is "Li Bing", that is, holding candles and observing etiquette.
Walking out of the yard from the north, sitting in the east-facing Sanmen ancient house is the "Zhai Zhen", which used to be the reading room of Qin Yao, the owner of the Ming Dynasty. The garden owner who is frustrated in officialdom likes to chant "Wandering for thousands of years, stroking Gu Song;" In the poem, "I am loyal to myself when I am cold", so the name of fasting is also called "Zhai Zhen".
There are two ginkgo trees in front of the house, tall and straight, and a big osmanthus tree is planted behind them.
Through the Woods, you can see the "Nine Lions Platform".
Jiushitai is a large rockery. The whole rockery looks like nine giant lions made of Taihu stone.
It is said that it was created according to the painting Nine Lions by Ni Yunlin, a famous painter in Yuan Dynasty.
Climbing the lion's head is the highest point in the country, and the whole garden is unobstructed.
Starting from Jiushi Tainan, it is not far from the "Neighboring Van Gogh Pavilion".
The Vatican is a Buddhist community, and the pavilion is built on a rockery. Because it is close to Huishan Temple, it is named "adjacent to Van Gogh".
The original building has been destroyed, and the present pavilion was rebuilt in the early 1980s according to the record of Chicken Farm Yuan Ji written by Wang in Ming Dynasty. Visitors boarded the pavilion and had a panoramic view of the western hills.
Beauty Stone-Jinhuiyi-Yupanting-Pan Yu Corridor
Keep going east. In front of the high wall near the end, this three-meter-high lake stone stands against the wall, like a gentle and graceful lady, combing her hair and makeup with water as a mirror in front of the square pool.
So people call her "Beauty Stone".
The rectangular pond in front of the stone is called "mirror pool".
Visitors must stand in the southwest corner of the square pool to enjoy the "beauty stone" in order to vividly show the girl's lovely expression in front of you.
There is a Gan Long imperial pen in the pavilion in front of the stone tablet.
When Qianlong came here to visit, he thought that this stone held his head high and had manly spirit, so he renamed it "Jierufeng".
The owner specially carved the inscription and poem of Qianlong into a stone tablet and stood in front of the mirror pool.
Ladies and gentlemen, look at the south corner of the stone. There is an unremarkable stone, like an epileptic toad, drooling over the beauty stone, like an epileptic clam wanting to eat swan meat.
Looking north from the monument pavilion of Beauty Stone, this rippling water surface is "Jinhuiyi", which is named after the splendid scenery of the whole country.
The whole scenery of Jichang Garden revolves around this first-class pool water.
"Jinhuiyi" is long from north to south and narrow from east to west, with an area of only 2.5 mu, but it is open and clear.
On the east is the pavilion gallery near the water, and on the west is the rockery with high terrain. There are stone bridges on the water surface, which makes the water surface become an irregular huge mirror, gathering the surrounding mountain shadows, tower shadows, gallery shadows, pavilion shadows, tree shadows, flower shadows and people in the pool.
From the east bank of Jinhuiman along the promenade to the north, the first thing you see is a small hexagonal pavilion. Its name is "Pan Yu", which is taken from the sentence "Pan Yupan, clouds and water fly" in Wang Wei's Fu Chuan Yuan Ji.
The bluestone platform and stone drum stool in the pavilion are old things left by Qin from the Ming Dynasty.
There is also a folk legend in Yujin Pavilion: there was an old monk in Huishan Temple in Qing Dynasty, and his chess skills were superb.
When Gan Long visited Huishan, he played chess with him on the bluestone platform.
As a result, Gan Long won again and again. He thought, my chess skill is far inferior to that of the old monk. Why do I win again and again? I am the emperor, but he dare not win.
Later, it was discovered that Qianlong didn't expect it, so although Qianlong won, he was still unhappy. Later generations named this return to Taiwan "Pan Yu" and the pavilion "Pan Yuting".
The corridor from the Garden Pavilion to the north is called "Pan Yu Corridor", which was built when Qin Yao rebuilt the garden.
Before and after the old gallery, the ancient trees are hidden and lush, and the bamboo, stone and flowers are looming outside the window.
Visitors will find that the colonnade here is particularly high and the promenade is particularly open.
So, if you look around in the corridor, you can also see the towering trees and the majestic Huishan opposite the "Jinhuiyi".
Zhiyujian-Hechengtan-Qixing Bridge-Hanbige
Go north along the promenade and see a pavilion extending into the water. This pavilion is called "the threshold of knowing fish".
Surrounded by water on three sides, it was built when Qin Yao rebuilt the airport garden.
After the completion, the owner often enjoys watching the fish from the threshold here.
The plaque in the pavilion was inscribed by Zhang Xinjia, with a fish-watching picture painted by Wu Yongkang hanging in the middle.
Opposite the "threshold of knowing fish" is the "hebutan".
It is the main peak in the garden, surrounded by local rocks and soil.
The gardener regards the rockery here as the remnant vein of Huishan, connecting them with each other. At the foot of the rockery, there is a crooked Gu Dao, and the water flows downstream. Water and rocks are harmonious and full of interest, like a group of white cranes roaming, hence the name "Hebutan".
The stone bridge on Jinhui No.1 is made of seven stone slabs, hence the name "Seven Star Bridge".
Qixing Bridge faces the water to the east, which is the "Hanbi Pavilion" with upturned cornices.
The ancient camphor tree behind the pavilion has a history of more than 400 years.
Jiashutang-Bayinjian-Ancient Zhang in Ming and Qing Dynasties-Fa Tie Stone Carvings in Jichangyuan
Jiashutang is the northernmost building in Jichang Garden. 1993 was completely renovated, which restored the hard mountain architectural style of Ming Dynasty.
Visitors stand in front of the main hall, and the beautiful western hills in the south, the Longguang Tower at the top of the mountain, the fish-knowing sill and the Yujin Pavilion in the garden are integrated into one, forming a wonderful scene of "the shadow of the mountain tower".
This is the embodiment of Jichangyuan style.
To the east of Jiashutang is the "Lv Huan" corridor door. When you leave the "Moire" corridor door, you can reach the "Bayin Sword" to the west.
This stream was named after Zuo Si's famous sentence "Why do you need silk and bamboo, mountains and rivers have clear sounds" in the Jin Dynasty.
Bayin Cave is composed of Yellowstone, with ancient trees planted on it and clear springs flowing below. The water in the cave is taken from the water of "Er Quan", and people walk in the valley.
These ancient trees in the rockery group near Bayin River are all ancient camphor trees, which are 200-300 years old. They grow luxuriantly, with a maximum bust of 4 meters.
During the visit to the airport garden, we can also enjoy the stone carvings of the airport garden, totaling more than 200 pieces, which are distributed in Yupanting Gallery, Ice Auditorium, Ham Wall and adjacent Van Gogh and Jiashu Hall.
On the basis of "Sanxi Hall Fa Tie" given by Qianlong, the Qin family collected the ink of Qin Guan, Wen Zhiming, Dong Qichang, Liu Tang and other famous artists in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and carved them carefully.
What we are seeing now is re-engraved on the basis of 198 1 old rubbings, which basically reproduces the ancient style.
On the wall on the south side of Han Zhenzhai, the remaining original stone carvings are still scattered.
If there are calligraphy lovers among the guests, you can browse and enjoy them slowly.
Although the area of Jichang Garden is small, it can skillfully use the scenery, see the big from the small, and achieve the effect of getting close to the garden and enjoying the scenery in many ways.