The Guanxi Wai in Longnan was built in 1798 (the third year of Qing Jiaqing) and completed in 1827 (the seventh year of Daoguang), which lasted nearly 30 years and was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous Guanxi monarch. Later generations are different from the old ones, so they are called "new realms". According to experts' research, Guanxi Xinwei is a representative Hakka paddock with the most complete preservation, structure and function in southern Jiangxi.
Located at the southernmost tip of Jiangxi, longnan county is known as the "South Gate of Jiangxi", with a population of 300,000 and a land area of 164 1 square kilometer. Longnan is rich in tourism resources, including Kansai Xinwei, a national key cultural relics protection unit, Jiulian Mountain, a national nature reserve, Xiaowangdan Mountain, a provincial scenic spot and so on.
Longnan is also rich in mineral resources, mainly rare earth, tungsten, coal, limestone and iron ore. Among them, the reserves of heavy rare earths rank first in the world and are known as the "hometown of heavy rare earths". The main local famous local products are Longnan garlic, Longnan chestnut and mushrooms.
Hakka enclosed houses are unique Hakka dwellings and an important materialized carrier of Hakka culture. It fully embodies the superb architectural art of Hakkas. It is not only praised by architects as a miracle in the history of folk architecture, but also fascinated historians, folklorists, artists and many tourists because of its profound cultural connotation.
The outer wall of Hakka paddock is not only the load-bearing outer wall of paddock, but also the defensive wall of the whole paddock. Hakka enclosed houses, together with Beijing quadrangles, caves in northern Shaanxi and earthen enclosed buildings in western Fujian, are called "four ancient dwellings" in China. Hakka wai houses in Gannan are mainly distributed in Longnan, Quannan, Dingnan and Anyuan counties, with a total of about 600. Longnan is the most concentrated.
Hakka enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi are mostly square, showing a different style from the round earth buildings in western Fujian and the dragon enclosed houses in eastern and western Guangdong. There are more than 370 enclosed houses of different shapes in longnan county. Among them, the number, scale, style and preservation of "square houses" are the highest in China, which has become a hot spot for people from all walks of life to visit and seek their roots.
The most famous Hakka enclosed houses in Longnan are Guanxi Xinwei, Yi Yan enclosed house in Yangcun, which was approved as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 200 1, Wushiwei in Yangcun, which was on the scene of CCTV's "Oriental Time and Space Live China" column. Kansai Xinwei is located in Xinwei Village, Kansai Town, longnan county, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province. Built between Jiaqing and Daoguang years in Qing Dynasty, it has a history of 180 years. It was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous gentleman in Kansai.
Xu Mingjun ranks fourth among the brothers, so he is also called Xu Laosi. Xu Laosi once made a fortune in the timber business, and later opened a drugstore and pawnshop. His assets grew bigger and bigger and he became a rich man. Because there are more and more children, the original family enclosure has become more and more crowded, so it took millions and more than ten years to build this enclosure. Because there is no formal name, it is in contrast with the old enclosure "Xichang enclosure", commonly known as "new enclosure".
The total area of Kansai New Wai is over 7,700 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and waters, bamboos, ponds, farmland and blue sky complement each other. The paddock is rectangular, with a wall height of 10 m and a wall thickness of 1 m. There is a tall "cannon corner building" at the four corners. There are many gun holes and windows scattered on the wall, which are solemn and solemn. There are two doors, the east gate is the way for dignitaries to get in and out by bridge, and the west gate is the way for riding horses.
There is a winding path leading to a secluded place, and the porch eaves are painted gold. The main buildings are arranged in five groups, with 14 patios, which are symmetrically divided into 18 halls in the middle of the ancestral hall. This can be fully proved by the praise of Hakka people for the "18th Hall on the 9th Floor". There are two beautifully carved male and female stone lions on both sides of the ancestral hall gate, and two playful little lions are carved on the lioness. A huge screen wall stands in front, and behind it is a garden. There is a stage in the garden, and in front of the screen is a small attic on the second floor, which is used to open and close and enjoy the scenery.
The inner passage runs through all buildings, with a total of more than 100 houses, with scientific layout and rigorous structure. It not only has the functions of safety defense, wind and earthquake resistance, regulating yin and yang, being warm in winter and cool in summer, but also has rich Hakka cultural connotation. Every building has a touching story, and every temple has a beautiful legend.
Outside the west gate of Xinwei, there is also a place for people to relax, covering an area of 1.600 square meters. It is called "Zhou Xiaohua" and has pavilions on the mainland. Dig a 680-square-meter lake in the middle and build an island in the lake. There are rockeries, towers, stone tables and chairs on the island, and two small bridges connect the island. Due to the age, the buildings on the island have already been destroyed.
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