Beijing was called Ji in ancient times. It was the capital of Yan in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Yanjing in the Liao Dynasty, Zhongjing in the Jin Dynasty and Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty, and was renamed Beijing in the Ming Dynasty. 1928 changed its name to Beiping. 1 949 65438+1October1,the people of China * * * and the country, to restore Beijing's name.
In ancient times, the imperial capital was called the capital. The word "North" in Beijing is taken according to its geographical location, so Jinling is Nanjing, Chang 'an (Xi 'an) is Xijing, and Bianliang (Kaifeng today) is Tokyo; Luoyang and Liaoyang are also called Tokyo.
The origin of Tianjin
In the early years of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, Wang Ling, a poet who came to Tianjin from Zhejiang, wrote the first book describing Tianjin folk customs, Zhuzhici. The poem says: "Tianjin is named after Changling." Changling refers to the Ming emperor Judy buried in the Ming Tombs. Tianjin was named in the second year of his reign (Yongle II, AD 1404). At that time, it was not named after a place name, but after a military establishment. It was Tianjin Wei.
When Judy, the prince of Yan, became emperor, he built his capital in what is now Beijing, and gradually built the Forbidden City in Beijing. Judy, the prince of Yan, became Emperor Yongle. Thinking that Tianjin (then called zhi gu) was a military important place with both sea and inland river, I wanted to send troops to zhi gu to farm and guard. Recalling the successful crossing of the river in Zhigu and the establishment of Tianjinwei. Wei means safe community, with 5600 people per Wei. "Tianjin" means ferry. Emperor Yongle thought it was the "Tianjin Beam of the Son of Heaven", that is, the ferry of the emperor. After crossing this ferry, the road is ahead.
The origin of Shanghai
Shanghai is referred to as Shanghai for short, and its name was first seen in the water conservancy book written by Dan in the Northern Song Dynasty. How did the name of Shanghai come from? One said that "its land is in the ocean" ("Hongzhi Shanghai"), that is, the place where fishermen's merchant ships went to sea at that time; One said that it was because the fishermen at that time used the fishing tool "Shanghai" to work, and their work was "Shanghai", hence the name. Shanghai Town was founded in Song Dynasty, and was called Shanghai County in Yuan Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty, trade flourished and became a "famous city in the southeast". In the Qing dynasty, "merchants gathered, tens of thousands of ships, and there was nothing inside and outside the city." 1928 established Shanghai Special City, and 1930 changed its name to Shanghai, which is still in use today.
The origin of Guangzhou
Guangzhou is a famous cultural city with a history of 22 10 years, and it is one of the 62 national historical and cultural cities announced by the State Council. According to historical records, in the Zhou Dynasty in the 9th century BC, "Baiyue" people here had contacts with Chu people in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and "Chu Pavilion" was specially built to commemorate this friendship, which was also the earliest name of Guangzhou.
In 2 14 BC (the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang), Qin Shihuang unified Lingnan, and set up three counties, namely Nanhai, Guilin and Elephant, in Lingnan, with counties under its jurisdiction. Among them, Nanhai County governs Panyu and Longchuan.
Nanhai county government, that is, the seat of military and political institutions, was once located here, then called Panyu, and built a city here. This is the year when Guangzhou was founded. In 226 AD (the fifth year of Wu Dynasty), Sun Quan of Soochow was divided into four counties, including Nanhai and Cangwu, from the former Jiaozhou, and Guangzhou was newly established. Because Taishou was originally in Guangxin (now Wuzhou and Fengkai), the name of Guangzhou was taken from the word "Guang" in Guangxin. After the partition of Jiaoguang, Guangzhou moved to Panyu, hence the name Guangzhou.
The origin of Xi' an
Historically, An was called Chang 'an, with other names such as Da 'an House (Hou Liang), Jingzhao House (Later Tang Dynasty), Shaanxi Road (Song Dynasty), Anxi Road (Yuan) and Fengyuan Road (Yuan). It has always been the center of the "800-Li Qinchuan". 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty in Nanjing. The following spring, General Xu Da captured Fengyuan Road and renamed it An, meaning to settle the northwest.
The origin of Lhasa
Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, China, is the highest city in the world, with an altitude of 3,650 meters, which is twice as high as the main peak of Huangshan Mountain in Anhui Province.
So how did this name come from?
Lhasa, which means "holy land" or "Buddhist country" in Tibetan, was called "Lodi" in ancient times. It is said that 1300 years ago, Tubo Zampa Songzangambu married Princess Wencheng of Datang and entered Tibet. To celebrate this event, we are determined to build the king's capital. But at that time, the Tubo King was still a wasteland. Princess Wencheng observed the terrain of Lhasa because of her mastery of natural phenomena and the five elements of geomantic omen, and found that it was like a supine hooligan (that is, an evil hag). She thinks that choosing Lhasa as the capital is extremely unfavorable to the country. So the princess suggested building four temples outside Lhasa to curb the banshee's limbs. She also figured it out that the Woma Lake in the center of Lhasa is the heart of the dragon, and the lake is the blood of the dragon. We must find a way to contain it. Therefore, according to the theory of five elements, the princess advocates filling the lake with white sheep back soil. King Songzan Gambo of Tibet listened to the princess's suggestion, started construction on Lake Woma, filled the lake to build a temple, and built the famous Jokhang Temple. Lhasa was originally named "Yangcheng", hence its name.
After the Jokhang Temple was completed, the Tibetan king enshrined siddhattha gotama brought by Princess Wencheng from Chang 'an in the temple. Since then, good men and women from all over the world have come to worship. Over time, this sacred "Luodi" (goat land) was called "Lhasa" or "Holy Land" because of its similar sound.
The origin of Suzhou
In 5 14 BC, He Lv, the king of Wu, ordered Wu Zixu to build a city in a double chessboard pattern. Since then, the geographical location of Suzhou has evolved to this day. In 522 BC, Qin Shihuang set up Huiji County and Wuxian County in Wudu City. Since then, Suzhou at that time has been called Wuxian, or sometimes called Wu Zhou. In 589 AD, Sui changed Wu Zhou to Suzhou (Suzhou was named after Gusu Mountain in the west of Suzhou). Another Gusu Mountain was named after He Lv, the king of Wu who built Gusu Terrace. There are still relics on the mountain now.
In 778 AD, the Tang Dynasty established Suzhou as the only "Xiongzhou" in the south of the Yangtze River (the Tang Dynasty was divided into seven grades, and Xiongzhou was the second grade). Since then, the name Suzhou has been fixed as a generic term. 1 1 13 years, Suzhou was changed to Pingjiang House in Song Dynasty.
The origin of Macao
According to records, in the early Ming Dynasty, there were many places along the coast of Guangdong Pearl River Delta for foreign merchant ships to park, such as Bai Lang, Guang Hai, Wangdong, Qitan, Crossgate, Hutoumen, Tuen Mun and Lou Ji. These places near the sea are usually called "Australia" in Cantonese.
As for the "door", there are many legends about its origin:
1. "Gate" is the general name of the channel leading from the inland river to the ocean in China. The Mage Temple in the inner harbor of Macao faces the Yinkeng in Wan Chai across the sea, forming a channel-like gate, so it is called "Macao".
Second, the four islands of Yishuizi, Xiaohengqin, Liuhuan and Dahengqin in the offshore south of Macao are opposite, and the sea water flows through them to form a cross gate, so it is also called "Cross Gate", so it is called "Macao";
3. The South Mount Tai (Mount Marco Miao) and the North Mount Tai (Mount Lianfeng) in Macao are all closed, so they are called "Macao". In a word, it is called "Macau" because it has both "Macau" and "Gate".
The origin of Hong Kong
Hong Kong means a port for exporting spices. Historically, the Wanxiang tree in Dongguan was secreted by wood after being eaten by insects or cut down by people. After years of deposition, it has a special fragrance, hence the name "Aquilaria sinensis". It can be used as traditional Chinese medicine and the main raw material for making various incense. This perfume from Dongguan is the most famous, so it is called "Vientiane". Today, Sha Tin, Lantau Island and other places in the New Territories of Hong Kong belonged to Dongguan in ancient times, and also produced smile incense. At that time, most of Guanxiang was first transported to Xiangtubutou, which is now Tsim Sha Tsui, and then shipped to Shipai Bay formed by Aberdeen and Yayuelizhou in the south of Hong Kong Island. Then it was shipped to Guangzhou with the "eye chicken" sail suit, and then sold to the north as far as Beijing. The place where the customs compartment passes is often labeled as "compartment": the wharf where the customs compartment is concentrated is called Xiangtu Wharf; Shipai Bay at the exit of Yunguan Lane is called Tsai Gangwei. From 1860 to 1870, a new paddock was built outside the old paddock, called Hong Kong Village, which is now Huangzhukeng. 1965 There are also several Shipai Bay for the development and construction of Yuguang. In short, "Hong Kong" originally referred to Shek Pai Wan and Aberdeen, and later extended to the whole of Hong Kong Island and even Kowloon and the New Territories, while Aberdeen retained its original name. As for the production of Guanxiang, it has declined since the maritime ban was moved to the border during the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, and now there is only a small amount of wild fragrant wood left in Hong Kong.