According to documents, in the second year of Tang Suzong to Germany (AD 757), the Tang army recovered Chang 'an, Xuanzong returned, and Yang Guifei was moved and buried. Therefore, whether the tomb is the original tomb, the moved tomb or Yang Guifei's cenotaph has not been confirmed.
At present, the imperial concubine's tomb is a small cemetery on a hillside. In front of the garden, there are three antique sacrifice halls with the book "Tomb of Yang Guifei" across the door. The temple is the tomb, 3 meters high and surrounded by bricks. Legend has it that women rubbing their faces with the soil from the imperial concubine's tomb can remove the dark spots on their faces and make their facial muscles tender. Therefore, its tomb soil is called "imperial concubine powder", and women from far and near are scrambling to wipe their faces with soil. Even tourists from other places have to bring bags back to the tomb, so the tomb pile is getting smaller and smaller, and the grave keeper keeps adding to it, but it is quickly taken away. In order to protect the tomb, it must be wrapped in blue bricks. In this way, people can never take it out of the grave again. There is a monument in front of the tomb, engraved with the inscription: "Tomb of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Yang Guifei". Visitors can read the ancient poems on the surrounding cloisters here, so that they can learn about history, express their feelings and have fun.
Now, a pavilion has been built on the half slope behind the tomb of the imperial concubine, and a statue of the imperial concubine nearly 3 meters high is carved with white marble next to the pavilion. She looked dignified and looked down the slope. What seems to be thinking! Yang Guifei's tomb is now a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.
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The tomb of Yang Guifei in Tang Dynasty is the tomb of Yang Yuhuan, the imperial concubine of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, which is located at Maweipo 12km northwest of Xingping City. Now it is a provincial key cultural relics protection unit.
Yang Guifei, a native of Huayin, Hongnong, later moved to Yongle County, Zhou Pu (now Ruicheng, Shanxi Province). She has the fine print of Yuhuan, is familiar with temperament, can sing and dance well, and has the appearance of dumping the country. It turned out that she was the princess of eighteen sons of Xuanzong. Later, Xuanzong was called into the palace as a female official, and the number was too real. Tianbao four years, into the book for the imperial concubine. Fathers and brothers are suddenly expensive and unstoppable. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi Rebellion led to the peril of the capital, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty fled with Yang Guifei. His entourage, headed by Chen, the general of the military system of Youbiao, instigated her and her younger brother Yang to make an insurrection, killed Prime Minister Yang in a rage, and coerced Emperor Xuanzong to hang Yang Guifei. Guifei died at the age of 38.
The tomb of Yang Guifei is a graveyard, and the words "Tomb of Yang Guifei in Tang Dynasty" are written above the gate. On the front of the entrance are three antique dedication halls, and through the dedication hall is the tomb. The tomb is about 3 meters high and surrounded by four Zhou Qing bricks. There are three cloisters around the tomb, embedded with stone tablets of different sizes, engraved with poems of famous people after their travels. In recent years, the local government has renovated the imperial concubine's tomb, built new walls, stele corridors, memorial halls and pavilions, and added a 6-meter-high marble statue of Yang Guifei behind the cemetery. The tomb of the imperial concubine has now become an important tourist attraction.
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Zhaoling is the tomb of Li Shimin, the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and the largest of the eighteen tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong, Shaanxi Province. It is located more than 20 kilometers northeast of Liquan County. The cemetery is large in scale, with a total area of over 20,000 hectares. Known as the "world famous mausoleum", it is the largest royal cemetery in the world. A large number of cultural relics are left on the ground and underground. It is a physical witness that the early Tang Dynasty moved towards the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and it is a rare treasure house for us to understand and study the politics, economy and culture of the feudal society in Tang Dynasty and even in China.
When you come to Zhaoling, you must tell us something about Li Shimin, the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, was recognized as a model of emperor in the history of China. He was brave and resourceful, and helped his father Li Yuan build the country. In 627 AD, Emperor Li Yuan, a high-impedance Zen master, ascended the throne for 23 years. After the emperor ascended the throne, he appointed people on their merits, spoke openly and accepted classes modestly. He implemented a series of policies in politics, economy, military affairs, ideology, culture and ethnic relations, which conformed to the people's hearts and historical development, and created a prosperous generation with social stability, economic development, strong national strength, clear bureaucratic politics, increasingly prosperous ideology and culture and friendly and harmonious ethnic relations. Therefore, his reputation spread far and wide, and he created a very popular "chastity rule" in the history of China. In 636 AD, Queen Wende died. Emperor Taizong chose Jiujun Mountain, about 80 kilometers away from Chang 'an, as the tomb site, named Zhaoling, buried Queen Wende, and continued to build it. Jiusuo Mountain is 1.888 meters above sea level, and the mountain is steep. It is located in hydrocarbon river yin and Weihe river yang, separated from Guanzhong plain in the south, and confronted with Taibai and Zhongnan peaks in the distance. The mountains on both sides of the east and west are undulating, magnificent and spectacular. The main peak of Jiujun Mountain is quite magical: from the south, it looks like a cone; Seen from the southwest, it looks like Mount Fuji in Japan. From the east, it looks like a pen, the so-called "Bijia Mountain". In the ninth year of uranium, Emperor Taizong died and was buried with Empress Wende, then the mausoleum was sealed and completed. The underground palace of the mausoleum faces south and is built between the cliffs on the mountainside in the south. The construction of Zhaoling Cemetery took 105 years from the beginning of the burial in the tenth year of Zhenguan in Tang Dynasty (636) to the 29th year of Kaiyuan in Tang Dynasty (74 1). Zhaoling is the largest and deepest buried one among the "Eighteen Tombs of Tang Dynasty" in Guanzhong. At the same time, it also created a precedent for China feudal emperors to "rely on mountains as tombs", which can also be said to be a microcosm of the "reform and opening up" in the Tang Dynasty. Because the mountain is a mausoleum, we choose a natural peak, cut a hole from the side to make a winding road, and build an underground palace at the bottom of the peak. According to relevant data, Zhaoling is about 230 meters deep from the winding path to the tomb, and there are five stone gates in front and back. The underground palace is spacious and rich, almost the same as the palace in Chang 'an. On both sides of the winding road, there are east and west hatchbacks with stone cabinets and iron boxes full of martyrs. Palaces and houses were also built for the tomb guards on Lingshan Mountain. In order to solve the difficulty of inconvenient travel, a plank road was built along the cliff. After 1000 years of vicissitudes, the ground buildings in Zhaoling have long since disappeared, leaving only a few relics such as Zhuquemen, Xiandian, Altar, Sima Gate and Imperial City. According to records, the buildings in the imperial city were destroyed by fire, and 378 houses were rebuilt in 798 AD.
Kilometers away from Zhaoling Mausoleum in Fiona Fang, there are 167 buried tombs, among which the tombs of Wei Zhi, Li Jing and Li Xun (Xu Weiguo) are different. Li Shimin's mausoleum of Emperor Taizong is located in the northernmost part of the cemetery. Like the palace in the north of Chang 'an, it is commanding and magnificent, which is incomparable to the imperial cemetery before. Because the mountain is steep and inconvenient to travel, we set up a plank road along the mountain and walked 3 meters around the mountain to reach the tomb door. Later, in order to surround the lonely mountain mausoleum; Remove the plank road and isolate it from the outside world. Lingshan Mountain is surrounded by inner and outer city walls, and the remains of the outer city are difficult to verify. The square inner city winds around the mountain, and there are turrets at the four corners of the city wall. In the middle, there is Suzaku in the south, Xuanwu in the north, Qinglong in the east and White Tiger in the west. The main buildings in the cemetery are the memorial hall and the bedroom. Xiandian is located in Zhuquemen, facing the mountain. It is a place where ancestor worship activities are held, and the utensils used by Li Shimin during his lifetime are stored. 1992, a broken goose kiss was found in Xiandian site, which was 1.5m high, 0.65m wide, and 1m long at the bottom, weighing about 150kg, showing the grandeur of the original building. The bedroom is built in the southwest corner outside the gable of Lingshan Mountain. It is 18 miles to the mausoleum, and it is surrounded by 120 miles. It is the place where the soul of Emperor Taizong lived, where officials and imperial secretaries guarding the mausoleum lived. The poet Du Fu wrote in "Re-narration of Zhaoling": "The spiritual bed is empty, and Di Zi keeps the green. Look at Baisong Road again and see Wu Yunfei. " It can be seen that Zhaoling at that time was not only steep, but also became a shade of pine and cypress.
Zhaoling architectural project was designed by Yan Lide, a famous artist in Tang Dynasty, and it has a unique style in scale and layout. In 636 AD, when Emperor Taizong buried Empress Wende, the imperial edict placed the world-famous "Six Horses in Zhaoling" on the altar at the northern foot of Zhaoling. Liu Jun, a six-horse who fought against Li Shimin, made great contributions to the unification war of the Tang Dynasty. Stone carving horses have different postures, but they are all strong and energetic.
The stone carving of "Six Horses in Zhaoling" absorbs the relief technique of Buddhist art and depicts real things with skillful skills and concise techniques, which has high artistic value. Unfortunately, these art treasures were destroyed in the19th century. Two of them were stolen and shipped abroad and stored in the University of Pennsylvania Museum in Philadelphia, USA. The other four pieces were found in the process of theft and transported back to Xi, and are now on display in Xi Beilin Stone Carving Art Museum. In the process of excavation, these six stone carvings were smashed into several pieces, and the horse was originally engraved with the arrow that was shot, but now it is blurred; Emperor Taizong's eulogy and the name of the horse are also out of sight. Fortunately, there is also the Zhaoling Six Horses Monument established in the Northern Song Dynasty. The details, names, color characteristics, exploits of six horses and the full text of Tang Taizong's praise of six horses were recorded by line engraving.
Here are the stone statues of the 14th Jun, which are placed on the altar with the stone carvings of the 6th Jun.. These stone statues were also destroyed in earlier years, and now there are only four left. There is no specific record of the image of the stone statue, and some materials only say that it is "beyond the normal shape", indicating that it is taller and more powerful than the average real person.
In the Tang Dynasty, it was popular to erect a monument in front of the tomb and put an epitaph in the tomb. Most tombs in Zhaoling have monuments, and almost every tomb has epitaphs. Most of the stone tablets are now preserved in Zhaoling Museum.
The Tang Dynasty was the heyday of China's feudal society, and Emperor Taizong was a very successful emperor, so Zhaoling was known as the "world famous mausoleum". 196 1 year, the State Council announced Zhaoling as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
Now here we are, the tomb of Tang Chaoyuan Lao Lixun. Li Bo (594-699), formerly known as Xu, is a famous scholar. Cao Zhou was born in Lihu (now Heze, Shandong). The general in the early Tang Dynasty, a Zhuge Liang-style figure, could pinch and calculate, but once he mastered it, he won the battle thousands of miles away. /kloc-at the age of 0/7, he joined the wagang peasant uprising army at the end of sui dynasty. Unlike Qin Qiong and Luo Shixin, Bob is a veteran of the Wagang Army. He was awarded the title of Duke of the East China Sea. After the defeat of Wagangjun, he returned to the Tang Dynasty with Shi Biao's former headquarters, served as the general of Right Wuhou, and sealed Cao Guogong. Given the surname Li, he was given a single name because he avoided Taizong. He served the three emperors of Tang Gaozu, Li Shimin and Li Zhi, and made great contributions in many battles, which won the appreciation of Emperor Taizong. When he was ill, Emperor Taizong personally cut his beard and decocted medicine for him.
After Rip died, Tang Gaozong built a mausoleum for him. His grave consists of three cone-shaped mounds about 6 feet high. The lower part of the mound is connected together, and the upper part forms three inverted "pin" shaped hills, symbolizing Yinshan Mountain, Tieshan Mountain and Wudeyao Mountain, implying recognition of their meritorious military service before their death. There is a stone tablet in front of this tomb, which is 5.6 meters high. The base 1.2 meters is shaped like a giant turtle, and six dragons are carved on the monument. The inscription was written by Tang Gaozong Li Zhi himself. When Wu Zetian proclaimed himself emperor, Xu Jingye, the grandson of Li Xun, rose up against him. Li Dian was not only deprived of his rank, but also the grave was dug up and the coffin was chopped. After the death of Wu Zetian, Tang Zhongzong reinstated Li Bo and reburied him. What we are seeing now is the tomb of Li Bo restored after Zhao Xue was rehabilitated. Stone man in front of the tomb 1 Yes, there are 3 pairs of Shiyang on the left and 3 pairs of Shi Hu on the right. A three-Liang Jinde crown unearthed in the tomb is the only Tang hat found so far. There is also a song and dance picture, which is also a very precious material for studying dance in the Tang Dynasty. Hu barrels and camel barrels with different expressions have also been unearthed in many other tombs, which reflect the grand occasion of the "Silk Road" in the early Tang Dynasty and the great integration of all ethnic groups in China in the early Tang Dynasty.
In the past 50 years, a large number of stone tablets and epitaphs have been found and unearthed in Zhaoling and its buried tombs. These stone tablets are not only precious physical materials for studying China's calligraphy art, but also rare written materials for studying the history of the Tang Dynasty. Because the contents of these plaques and epitaphs not only eulogized the dead, but also recorded their official positions, important achievements and years of meritorious service in detail, which were closely related to the major political, economic and military events at that time.
Zhaoling stone tablet is tall and finely carved, and it is a celebrity tombstone written by famous calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. In addition, the Li Bo tablet written by Li Zhi's imperial book, the lettering on the pedestal of the Confucius tablet, and the "flying white book" covered by the epitaph are all rare treasures.
Regular script prevailed in the early Tang Dynasty, and the most famous calligraphers were Ou Yangxun, Chu Suiliang, Yu Shinan and Ling Xue, who were called "the four great masters in the early Tang Dynasty". You can see their classic works here. For example, Zhu Suiliang's "Fang Ling Xuan Bei" has elegant and generous calligraphy and full brushwork; Ou Yangxun's "Wen Yan Bo Bei" is the last work handed down by Ou Yangxun, with elegant font and vigorous brushwork. The fly in the ointment is that these stone tablets have been damaged. These art treasures were destroyed in the 1920s. At that time, warlords were fighting and no one asked about the stone tablet. Some unscrupulous booksellers colluded with local officials to sell inscriptions, and the price was as high as 2000 taels of silver. In order to further raise the price, he smashed the key words such as time, name and place name on the tablet, making it impossible for future generations to develop a complete inscription. Later rubbings were the same, so that some rubbings were even smashed into pieces.
Among the cultural relics unearthed from Zhaoling and its burial tombs, the number of pottery barrels is the largest. The production process of this kind of glazed pottery bucket is also unique: porcelain clay is used as the tire, after baking, it is glazed with lead and then fired to form the glazed bucket. This kind of glazed pottery barrel unearthed in Zhaoling has beautiful shape, diverse gestures and vivid expressions. All kinds of hairstyles and costumes reflected the material civilization and colorful cultural life at that time, such as vertical bucket for men in lapel coats, vertical bucket for women in lapel robes and riding bucket for women in lapel hats and boots. There is also a pottery bucket with a flip hat, an open mind, a full face of whiskers, deep eyes and a high nose. Obviously, these are the images of people from the western regions. Camels carrying water hyacinths, pheasants and rabbits show the trek of business travelers on the Silk Road. Colored glazed pottery barrels were only popular in the early Tang Dynasty, which was unique in this period, and provided valuable information for us to study the culture and art of this period.