Qing Dongling is an ancient royal cemetery with the largest existing scale, the most complete system and the most regular layout in China. Dongling covers an area of about 2,500 km2 in Qing Dynasty, and now its management area is 78km2. It was founded in the eighteenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (166 1) and completed in the thirty-fourth year of Guangxu (1908), which lasted for 247 years, almost consistent with the Qing Dynasty.
In the Qing Dynasty, there were five imperial tombs, four empresses, five princess gardens, 1 princess garden, 15 imperial tombs, and five emperors (Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong, Xianfeng and Tongzhi) were buried, 15 empresses, 65438+.
Tombs in the eastern part of the Qing Dynasty are arranged east and west at the southern foot of Changrui Mountain, centering on the emperor shunzhi's Xiaoling Mausoleum. The tombs with low seniority are far away from Xiaoling Mausoleum, and the empresses' tombs and concubines' gardens of the same dynasty were built next to the imperial tombs of this dynasty. The layout of the mausoleum in the Eastern Qing Dynasty not only embodies the traditional concept of taking people as the center and respecting respect, but also embodies the system of worshipping ancestors.
The main buildings of Dingling in Qing dynasty;
1, stone statue
Dingling is equipped with a pair of stone elephants, a scribe, a warrior, a horse, an elephant and a lion, and a pair of sentries. Both the lookout column and the stone statue students used the old materials of the Baohua jade tomb site of Daoguang Emperor.
2. Arch door
Like Jingling and Yuling, there is an arched gate with five rooms and six columns in the front area of Dingling, which has become the background of five opposing statues of lions, elephants, horses, military commanders and civil servants. However, unlike Jingling and Yuling, in front of the stone statue and the five-hole stone arch bridge in the south of Wang Zhu, there is no monument pavilion and huabiao in Shengde Shen Gong that have been abolished since Muling.
3. Longmen
The Long 'en Gate in Dingling adopts a yellow glazed tile roof, which is five rooms wide and two rooms deep. It rests on the top of the mountain, opposite to the couch door with red lacquer gold nails sewn between the Ming and the second. Sumitomo pedestal stone carving was stamped three times before and after, and the front desk was also exhibited to the south. In addition to the single ladder bucket on the outer eaves, a shelf bucket is installed between the beams on the inner eaves.
Between the two corners, a small corner beam is used to hold up the golden beam to support the mountain flower; There are hat beams and ceiling branches under the beam frame, but there is no ceiling. You can see stone carvings, jade articles, big gold dots, one-character heart paintings and long en graffiti plaques inlaid with Mongolian, Manchu and China characters on gold-plated copper bars.
Reference to the above content: Baidu Encyclopedia-Qing Dongling