About the Guide Words of Beijing Siheyuan 1
Walking in the old alley of Beijing, I suddenly saw a quadrangle with the quaint charm of ancient China. This is the quadrangle in Beijing.
Entering the quadrangle, you can see the exquisite screen wall, which is carved with exquisite patterns and auspicious words, symbolizing well-being and prosperity; Screen wall is also an important decoration for old Beijing residents. It can not only block the sundries in the yard, but also let outsiders not see the situation in the yard, so it has high privacy.
Standard quadrangles are divided into inner courtyard and outer courtyard; The outer courtyard consists of the south room, the courtyard door, the screen wall and the south outer wall of the inner room. The south room is used as a guest room, study and servant. There is a hanging flower door in the middle of the south wall of the inner room. You can only see the inner room after the hanging flower door, which consists of the north room, the east room and the Westinghouse. The North Room is the first room, tall and bright, which is occupied by the owner, the Westinghouse by the children and the East Room by the grandson and the wet nurse. There are cloisters in front of the North House, and there are cloisters at the east and west ends. The cloister connects the East Room, the Hanging Flower Gate, the West Room and the North Room into a whole, which can not only shelter from the wind and rain, but also enjoy the cool, rest and enjoy the scenery in the courtyard. The whole yard is arranged in good order and the design is very reasonable.
It is worth mentioning that quadrangles often plant trees and flowers according to their owners' preferences, and some even have goldfish bowls and grape racks; Planting jujube and pomegranate trees in quadrangles means early birth, many children and many grandchildren; Raising lilacs and begonia shows that the owner has a certain cultural accomplishment.
The quadrangle in Beijing is a closed house. Everyone in the yard lives a quiet, harmonious and beautiful life. The houses in the yard are independent, but they are connected. Once the elders feel uncomfortable, whether it is windy or rainy, their children and grandchildren can go to the veranda to meet them. The layout of this room fully embodies the family concept and oriental ethics of traditional houses in China.
About Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide II
Beijing quadrangles appeared in the Yuan Dynasty, with a history of 1000 years. They are mainly distributed in hutongs in Beijing, and a few are outside Beijing. With the changes of later dynasties, quadrangles gradually became less and less.
The so-called "four in one" means that there are houses on all sides of a yard. These houses are generally four meters high and eight meters wide. And the center of these four houses is the yard of four families. This yard is as big as a basketball court and very spacious. If you build another house in this yard, the location is absolutely more than enough. The structure of quadrangles is mainly wood, brick and wood, and its weight is very light. If there is an earthquake and the artillery explodes, it can rarely be knocked down. Siheyuan is famous because it has another unique feature: this kind of residence is suitable for the climatic conditions in the north. Although its ventilation and lighting are not ideal, the four houses are independent and connected by corridors. Like the mansion where the rich lived at that time, the rooms were all connected, but the quadrangle was smaller than the mansion.
The folk customs of quadrangles in Beijing are very interesting. At that time, people were superstitious and always used to opening the door to the southeast, because it was said that the loser was in the southeast, and opening the door to the southeast was equivalent to opening the loser, which meant that the financial resources were rolling. This is based on feng shui. Therefore, opening the southeast gate has become an interesting folk custom.
Beijing Siheyuan is typical and representative in the history of China housing, and has a profound historical background. Although their numbers are getting smaller and smaller, their historical position is unshakable. Beijing Siheyuan makes people feel the greatness of China traditional culture.
About Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide Words 3
Beijing quadrangle is an inner quadrangle surrounded by houses in the east, west, south and north. Beijing quadrangles, as the main architectural form that old Beijingers have lived in for generations, are well-known at home and abroad and all over the world.
The gate of quadrangles is usually opened in the southeast corner or northwest corner. The north house in the yard is the first one, which is built on the masonry abutment, bigger than other houses, and it is the owner's living room. There are east and west wing rooms on both sides of the yard, where the younger generation live. There is a corridor between the main room and the wing room for people to walk and rest. The walls of quadrangles and houses facing the street generally do not open windows, and the environment in the courtyard is closed and quiet.
There are large and small quadrangles in Beijing, but no matter how big or small, they are all made up of quadrangles surrounded by houses on all sides. The simplest quadrangle has only one yard, while the more complicated one has two or three yards. The deep house compound where rich people live is usually composed of several quadrangles side by side. There is also a partition wall in the middle. The typical characteristics of quadrangles are regular appearance, symmetrical midline and extremely flexible usage. They expand to large ones, that is, palaces and palaces, and shrink to small ones, that is, houses of ordinary people. The splendid Forbidden City and ordinary farmers' homes in the suburbs are quadrangles.
Siheyuan is generally distributed as gate, first courtyard, lobby, second courtyard, bookstore, residence and so on. There are wings on both sides, and each room has a corridor, which is connected by doors. Understanding folk houses on the surface will certainly promote and develop folk house culture.
First of all, it has a long history. Since Beijing was formally established as the capital in Yuan Dynasty, quadrangles and palaces, office buildings, blocks and hutongs in Beijing have appeared at the same time. According to Xiong Dui's analysis at the end of Yuan Dynasty, "Dadu street system, north and south are called meridians, and east and west are called latitudes. The street is 24 steps wide, with 384 long lanes and 29 narrow lanes. "
Secondly, the composition of quadrangles has its uniqueness. Its courtyard is spacious, surrounded by independent houses and connected by verandahs, making it very convenient to live; Closed doors make quadrangles have strong privacy, and closed doors come from heaven and earth; All four doors in the courtyard are open to the courtyard, and home and music are beautiful; The spacious courtyard can also plant trees and flowers, feed birds and fish, and stack rocks and scenery to let residents enjoy the beautiful scenery of nature.
In addition, although quadrangles are residential buildings, they contain profound cultural connotations and are the carriers of China traditional culture. The construction of quadrangles pays great attention to geomantic omen and geomantic omen theory, which is actually an ancient architectural environmentology in China and an important part of China's traditional architectural theory. The decoration, sculpture and painting of quadrangles also reflect folk customs and traditional culture everywhere, showing people's pursuit of happiness, beauty, prosperity and auspiciousness, such as the pattern composed of bats and longevity characters, which means "longevity and happiness"; The Chinese rose pattern in the vase means "peace in the four seasons"; The auspicious words embedded in the door hairpin and the door head, the couplets stuck on the pillars and the masterpieces of calligraphy and painting hung indoors are all ancient teachings of the sages and philosophers. They use ancient and modern famous sentences, or praise the beauty of mountains and rivers, or learn to live in the world, or recite the ambition of a swan. They are elegant and full of rich cultural atmosphere, just like the halls of traditional culture in China.
About Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide Words 4
Old Beijingers live in traditional buildings-quadrangles. The folk culture preserved in quadrangles makes people truly feel the profoundness and long history of China traditional culture.
Beijing quadrangle has won the reputation of "the pearl of architecture" with its magical charm. There is a folk saying that if you haven't seen the quadrangles in Beijing, you won't really appreciate the charm of architectural art.
Living in quadrangles is a habit handed down from generation to generation by old Beijingers. The ancestors of old Beijing admired the square and thought it was a symbol of auspiciousness, peace and happiness, so the quadrangle was shaped like a "mouth" and completely closed. Generally, quadrangles are spacious, where families plant flowers and trees, and raise birds and fish. Life is leisurely and carefree. In spring, the yard is full of vitality, everything is so beautiful, and then you feel like you have entered a fairyland.
The reason why there are so many beautiful names in Beijing quadrangles is that many elaborate carvings contain national wisdom and rich cultural heritage when building quadrangles. For example, there is a bright and beautiful peony carved on the door wall, which is what ancestors hope future generations can show their talents like peony! Chinese rose is planted in the yard because it symbolizes good luck. You see, doesn't this reveal the elegant charm of national traditions and ancient buildings?
In addition, there is a custom in old Beijing: one family builds a house and the whole city helps. The quadrangle was built at home, and everyone went to bless and set off firecrackers. With the sound of firecrackers, everyone's laughter grew louder and louder, and they became more and more jubilant.
Indeed, the quadrangles in old Beijing are like this, showing a classical charm.
About Beijing Siheyuan Tour Guide Words 5
Since Beijing was formally established as the capital in Yuan Dynasty, quadrangles and palaces, office buildings, blocks and hutongs in Beijing have appeared at the same time. Xiong's Analysis at the end of Yuan Dynasty recorded: "The street system is called longitude line in the north and south, and latitude line in the east and west. The street is 24 steps wide, there are 384 fire lanes and 29 streets. " The so-called "street corner" here is what we call hutong today, and between hutong and hutong is the land where people build houses. At that time, Kublai Khan "wrote to the residents of the old city that the capital was too old, and those with high (rich) positions (serving in the imperial court) came first, but eight acres of land were customized for one point", which was distributed to Jia Jianfang, an official who moved to Beijing, and the large-scale formation of traditional quadrangles in Beijing began.
Siheyuan has continued to this day, and there are still a few quadrangle buildings in Beijing. People who live in quadrangles get along well, just like our little classmates, they care about and help each other. Adults and children often visit the house to play. In their spare time, they sit around the yard and play cards and chess, drink tea and chat about geography, national affairs, common sense and trivial matters. It is very happy and beautiful. Dad said that this is the harmony now, and the culture of quadrangles is the harmonious culture. But now people live in a different community. Although the area of the community is large and there are more people living in it, they no longer contact each other and don't care about each other. The old man fell without help, and the child got lost without help. Alas ... I really want to call "community" and turn you into a "quadrangle"! The wind of quadrangles, blow to every modern community! Send them civilization, courtesy, tolerance and friendship. ...
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