Explore the historical origin of the endless unity of Hai Lufeng and Wu Hongqi as brothers.

A preliminary study of Hai Lufeng's Black Red Flag: Hai Lufeng's Black Red Flag was two secret organizations that fought against the Qing Dynasty and regained sight. With the rule of Emperor Kangxi, people's consciousness of "opposing the Qing Dynasty and regaining sight" gradually faded. It has evolved into two flags regardless of surname, clan, administrative region and political views, with the aim of resisting foreign aggression, bandits and thieves and promoting social harmony. After the Opium War, the foreign powers invaded and humiliated China, the Qing regime was corrupt and incompetent, and the anti-Qing sentiment among the people revived. In the third year of Xianfeng (A.D. 1853), the "three-point meeting" of Hailufeng rose. The May 7th Red Flag is no longer a traditional NGO. It has no clear laws and regulations, only the belief of living in harmony and helping each other continues the role of the flag. Members are not specific individuals, but the whole village (society). Without a clear leader, it is generally followed by a huge village with a large population and strong economic strength. When conflicts arise between villages, most of them are solved by clan associations. If the family name can't be solved, we will talk about the relatives with flags and settle the grievances with family ties. In case of conflict between villages (clubs) with different flags, villages (clubs) with different flags will automatically organize and coordinate, and most of them will become friendly. The so-called "Hailufeng" and "May 7th Red Flag Duel" refer to large-scale duels between villages marked by banners. In the more than 260 years since the Qing Dynasty, there have been records of "Red Flag Fighting in Thirteen Townships (Red Grass) in Cao Qing" twice on October 12th in the third year of Guangxu (1909 65438+ February 2nd). It may be that there were two "red flag fights" in less than 30 years in the late Qing Dynasty, or it may be that Xuantong Yuannian was unforgettable because of the painful tragedy of breaking the countryside. Since then, the "red flag" of Lufeng at sea has never happened again. Most of the battles between the sea and the land are caused by disputes over land boundaries, mountain boundaries, field boundaries and water sources. In the event of conflict between villages, between different surnames, between different clans with the same surname, and between different "chiefs" of the same clan, coordination is weak, and it is not a "red flag" to look at horizontal fighting and killings with fists. When Chen Jiongming was in charge of Guangdong, he never used the word "Wu Hongqi fights" to expand contradictions. Instead, he advocated handling boundary disputes based on facts, conducting consultations according to common practices, and organizing public judgments according to the principle of reason. It is strictly forbidden that anyone who dares to incite a fight by borrowing the end, both sides must engage in military law, and the village (cousin) will confiscate it and will never be soft. The flag of the post-Peng Pai "Peasant Association" is black and red, symbolizing the great unity of the people. (Chen) The origin of the black flag Before the Republic of China, the flag of black flag or white flag prevailed in all villages and clans in Hailufeng. This seemingly mysterious and chilling story is puzzling. Some say that it was set by the county magistrate Bai Taiye during the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, which made the two factions of Wuqi Hongqi restrict each other and kill each other. Some say that it began in the reign of Xianfeng, and so on. There are different opinions. Some modern villages still hang flags on holidays. Then, what is the connection between Wuqi Red Flag and Heaven and Earth Society and San Fenshe (also known as underworld)? When, where and by whom was it initiated? According to the relevant historical materials and Jin Yong's novel Luyigong, it should be traced back to the history of the patriotic national hero Zheng Chenggong's resistance to the Qing Dynasty in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty, Cai Dezhong, Ma Chaoxing, Hu Dedi and Li were sent to Putian, Fujian Province to become monks, and they were taught by abbot Zhitong. These five people were later the "top five ancestors" of Hong Men. Fang Dahong, the ministry of Zheng Chenggong, was one of the founders of Hong Men, an anti-Qing patriotic organization in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and one of the "five great ancestors" in Hong Men. The Five Ancestors established Heaven and Earth Societies, Triads, Paoge, Senior Citizens' Societies and Knife Societies all over the country. Fang Dahong was the founder of the triad. In the early Qing Dynasty, after the imperial court "set fire to north shaolin", Hu Dedi, Li Shikai, Ma Chaoxing, Fang Dahong and Cai Depei fled to Fujian, and under the cover of Shaolin Temple in the south, they secretly carried out "anti-Qing and regaining sight" activities, which were called the five ancestors of Shaolin. Fang Qiniang (later living in Yongchun) was born in Xiapu County, Fujian Province, and was a martial arts master in the Qing Dynasty. She is the founder of Baihe Boxing, one of the five ancestral boxing in South Shaolin (Taizu Boxing, Luohan Boxing, Dazun Boxing, Walker Boxing and Baihe Boxing). White Crane Boxing, also known as "Yongchun Boxing", widely spread martial arts and participated in anti-Qing activities. "Yongchun Boxing" has influenced Fujian and Guangdong overseas. Fang Dahong, whose real name is Hongmen, is the incense owner of Hongshuntang in the Heaven and Earth Society. Hong Men, green gang and Anbalism, which worshipped Guan Gong and Zheng Chenggong, were all organizations that opposed the Qing Dynasty and regained sight at that time. They are known as the three major gangs in the Jianghu, commonly known as "red flowers, green leaves and white lotus roots". Since Zheng Chenggong opened Jintai Mountain and established Mingyuan Hall, Hong Men has been holding high the banner of anti-Qing and restoring sight, and Hongmen brothers have been engaged in anti-Qing cause. In the 13th year of Kangxi, Cai Dezhong, Fang Dahong, Ma Chaoxing, Hu Dedi and Li Shikai, known as the "Five Ancestors" (also known as the Five Ancestors of Shaolin), negotiated the establishment of five ancestral halls after the failure of the Honghuating Uprising, which were scattered all over the country and developed independently, retaining their anti-Qing strength, and creating unique codes and argots as signs of brothers meeting. The code word is: five people write a poem together, and there is no one in Hong Ying. The story spread to all the brothers, and later when they met again. Cai Dezhong is honored as the banner of "Jiang Biao" and called the September 19 ladder. The flag is black, which is mainly developed in Fujian and Gansu. It is the name of "Jiangbiao", and Hong Men in Taiwan Province Province also belongs to this branch, named Qingliantang and Fenghuang County, also known as "Heaven and Earth Society". Imitation poem is a code word: Fujian Wuqi first branch, Gansu uprising began. Tiger word Jin Lan spread all over the world, who dares to bully. Fang Dahong is honored as the "Tiger Roar" flag in the second palace, and is called the Twelve Ladders. The flag is red, mainly developed in Guangdong and Guangxi. It is called Honghuxiao, named Hongshuntang and Hexian County, also known as "Sanhe". There is a secret code in the poem: the second red flag of Guangdong and Guangxi, every two hours. Shouzi is based on 49, and the changes of 49 are interdependent. The hooded emperor is honored as the three-room "Tiger Harmony" flag, which is called the Nine Ladders. The flag is red, and it develops activities in Sichuan and Yunnan. It is called "Tiger Harmony in the Park", and it is also called "Paoge". Poetry is a code word: the third branch of Yunnan red flag, Sichuan uprising destroyed Hu 'er. Synthetic flood figures are memorized by heart, and the monarch and the minister have their own harmony. Ma Chaoxing is honored as the four-room "Tiger Harmony" flag, which is called the Erjiu Ladder. The flag is white, mainly developed in Hunan and Hubei. It is called "Qihuhe", and it is called Shentaitang and Jinxiang County. It is also called "the society for the aged". Poetry is a code word: the fourth branch of Huguang White Banner, south of the Yangtze River, Guizhou * * *, and the word "He" swore to rebel and restore the throne of Jiangshan. Li Shikai is honored as the banner of the five-room "Hutong", known as the "Four-Seven Ladder". The flag is green, mainly developed in Zhejiang. It is called "Hutong", Honghuatang and Yuxing County, also known as "Knife Club". Poetry is a code word: the fifth branch of Zhejiang Green Flag, supported by Shandong brothers. Sacrifice this flag to the uprising and return to the reunion of the Ming Dynasty. Later, the five major organizations Wuqi, Hongqi, Chiqi, Leitian and Qingqi successively carried out anti-Qing activities in various places for a long time. Because Hong Men's aim is not limited to any religion, nationality, status or region, it can join as long as it conforms to the provisions of its loyalty spirit, so the expansion level of Hong Men is quite extensive, from dignitaries to prostitutes. According to the Records of Haifeng County published in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty and Cai's notes, Haifeng, Chen and Li were ordered by Zheng Economic Commission to set up a white flag to fight against Qing Dynasty as early as the 15th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1676). According to the Records of Haifeng County edited by Cai Fengen, a magistrate of a county in the 12th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (the second volume of urban affairs), in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804), Shi Chenglian, a bandit from the Heaven and Earth Society, and Li, a gangster from Lufeng Jiazi, made Dang Yang hook up with Zheng Wu, a foreign bandit, and were captured. First, the bandits turned stone into company (that is, the big pig), Yang, Ma Dinglong and so on. Contact Li You of Jiazi Institute and advocate the name of Heaven and Earth Society. The first bandit was ordered by Jiaqing on December 29th, 9th, and Yidi Yang went to Haikou and West Fort to hook up with foreign bandits Zheng Wuzhu. First, he entered Meilong for robbery and passed through Jianwei Township, where he was questioned by Gong Liu Chen Ying, deputy head of the township. Li Zhongjue, who became the magistrate in February of the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, recorded that "February of the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty was the magistrate". Kangxi and Qianlong were introduced into Huilai County, then into Lufeng Jiazi, and then into Haifeng and other places. In the third year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty, the activities of Heaven and Earth Society and Three-branch Society (also known as underworld) made great progress, and flags were raised all over the country, including red flags, black flags and white flags. For example, Longmen County in guangzhou fu is divided into red flag and black flag, Huizhou is divided into red flag and white flag (Zhangpu in Fujian is also a red flag and white flag), and Xingning is divided into red flag and black flag. Hailufeng also has signs of red flag, black flag and white flag; In some places, in order not to get involved in the dispute between Wu, Hong and Bai, yellow flags are erected separately, because the central part of the five elements belongs to soil, and its color is yellow, such as the yellow flags erected in Xianqiaodong, Dongcheng Society, Dabuliao and other places, such as the white flags erected in Xinlou Village and Shiziling Village on the outskirts of the fair, the red flags erected in the new market and the black flags erected in the old market. It is understood that there are many red flags in Hailufeng, and few yellow and white flags are erected, but some of them were originally black flags, so they were changed to red flags to avoid being attacked and killed by red flags. There are also secret codes for flag making, such as black flag and red flag outside, indicating friendship with the red flag; For example, the flag surface is red and the outside is white, indicating friendship with the white flag and so on. In the early Qing dynasty, except for a few measures that hurt national feelings, other measures were in line with history. In fact, the slogan of "anti-Qing dynasty and regaining sight" only appeared in the early Qing dynasty, but it faded in the later period, and the people have obeyed and become obedient people. The early Ming Dynasty just perished, and the people's national feelings were profound. Coupled with the use of the small court in Nanming, the slogan of anti-Qing and regaining sight appeared. In the later period, in the face of foreign invasion, the people put forward the slogan of "helping the Qing Dynasty to destroy the foreign countries". Later, officials of the Qing court were corrupt, and Hong Xiuquan launched the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom uprising under the banner of "Red Flag", and all parts of the country rose up in succession to join the war to overthrow the Qing Dynasty. During this period, local governments and evil gentry used "black flag" or "white flag" to safeguard public order and rights and interests, thus causing serious incidents in which "black flag" or "white flag" fought with "red flag". In the 20th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Li Zhongjue, a magistrate of a county in Lu Fengxian, wrote: "... During the Xianfeng period, red and black flags were raised in rural areas, and few people were weak, or one flag was raised in three or five townships, or one flag was raised in seven or eight townships, or dozens of townships, forming a party. As a result, the wind of fighting is everywhere. "Some even hire people from all towns and villages to participate in duels as their profession, which is called' grasping hands'." It has a long history of attaching importance to wealth over life and being brave and ruthless. " In the history of Hailufeng, the Wuqi family in a village in Chikeng, Haifeng and the Hongqi family in a village in Tangke fought against each other, spreading to the whole county. More than 300 farmers died on both sides, consuming tens of thousands of taels of silver, losing more than 0/000 mu of crops and selling prostitutes 1000 people. (See the manuscript of Haifeng New Records in Haifeng Archives). In some villages, conflicts between clans of Wuqi Hongqi are caused by Feng Shui disputes or dragon boat races. Of course, not all Wuqi Hongqi Village are antagonistic, and some people in Wuqi Hongqi Village also have strong friendly feelings. On the 19th day of the first month of the 11th year of Guangxu, Fang Yao, the prefect of Guangdong Navy, went to Haifeng to suppress the latent "three-point meeting" and killed 69 people in Dongjiachang, Haicheng for the first time. Fang Yao was blackmailed for nearly two million taels of silver, and several evil gentry of Haifeng Company became rich. (See the manuscript of Haifeng New Records in Haifeng Archives). In the 15th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, the imperial court sent Fang Yao, an imperial envoy, to Haifeng to handle the case, and Shanwei was listed as a member of the "Sanfenhui". At that time, it happened that Weng Tianqi (a native of Shanwei) had just tried Chinese Jinshi in Kyoto, but had not yet tried it in the palace. As a result, 44 people were released on bail pending trial, and Yan Shiliang, the famous "Sanfen" boss in Shanwei, was also released on bail pending trial. (See the manuscript of Haifeng New Records in Haifeng Archives). The description of Wuqi Red Flag in local historical materials is the same as that in Haifeng County Records, Continued Records and Municipal Records in Qing Dynasty: Xianfeng three years (1853), starting at three o'clock. In the fourth year (1854), on the ninth day of July, Huang and others attacked the county seat. Lin Chi-ling, the county magistrate, died, guarding General Li Chun, and Lin Qisheng, an eye soldier, went to the city to attack thieves and was killed at the same time. Bandits prevailed, and in the third year of Xianfeng, Huilai was broken in May, and Pingshan was robbed in June, which forced things. Lin (county) ordered the dissolution first. Take Yong to Wushiqiao in Haicheng to punish Yan and find out the name book. At that time, bandits Huang You, Wang Yuchun, Chris Lee, etc. Colluding with bandits held a three-point meeting in Lu Yi, and worshipped the Unity Party ... ". On July 22, 2004, the robbers made a trouble on the branches of the village. On August 27th, thieves attacked Houbao. Junzilin of Meilong fought back with Yong and Wang, killing more than 10 robbers, beheading two of them and winning both sides of the red flag. On New Year's Day in the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), bandits slaughtered the old stockade (now the fair reservoir). At that time, the government and the army were in the old stockade, repeatedly taking over the battle. From beginning to end, the thief party flourished, and hundreds of people were slaughtered. "The fifth day of the first month (1856), Nanling (now Huidong) bandits and so on. The burning disturbed Bitao Garden (east of Haifeng today), and Bi Tao (with a black flag) was outnumbered, killing more than 100 people, and all the houses and shops of residents outside the city were destroyed. On February 24th, 2006, in Xianfeng, thieves broke into Shan Mei Castle and defended Hefangzi. Hefangzi fought bravely and failed to set himself on fire. On the 17th day of the first month, thieves attacked the loyalist troops in Chi 'an, and on the 28th and 9th, they broke the dragon teeth and bamboo shoots. On February 1 1, Tung Chung was destroyed, and all the thieves came out to harass and spread all over the country. When they passed the Black Flag and other towns and villages, they were completely slaughtered. In the spring of the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), the temple of Biao Zhong was rebuilt and the idol was restored. In six years (1856), thieves crossed Wupoling, and the icons in the temple were completely destroyed. Peng Pai solves Wuqing Banner problem. The peasant brothers in Hailufeng Wuqing and Hongqi Village are United. Since the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, Wuqing (black flag) defended itself or helped the Qing resistance because of the three-point meeting (red flag), and the two factions of Wuqing banner struggled, two factions or flags, or ethnic conflicts. It has caused many years of fighting and vendetta between Hai Lufeng, and its pernicious influence has greatly affected the vast majority. In the summer of 1922, Comrade Peng Pai secretly organized a six-member farmers' association, publicly established the Chishan farmers' association, and established the first county-level farmers' association in China on 1923+ 10/. He deeply realized from practice that in order to develop and strengthen the peasant association, the vicious struggle between the black flag and the red flag left over from history must be eliminated. So I personally designed this peasant association flag, which means that all the peasant brothers in Hongqi Village of Lu Wu and Hailufeng should unite, share weal and woe under the leadership of the General Peasant Association, completely overthrow the feudal system and strive for their own liberation. This peasant association flag has played a great role in the United struggle of farmers in Hailufeng, and also shows that the designer has a keen eye for understanding and solving contradictions. It was not until 1925 that the first expedition arrived in Haifeng, and Haifeng Farmers' Association changed into a unified red cloth with a yellow plowshare pattern at the bottom. The article was transferred from Haifeng Daily.