Guo Wei existed in Shang Dynasty. After Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, Wei Chengzhou sealed the country with Ji's surname. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, Wei's ruling center was Qixian and Xunxian. In 629 BC, Wei successfully moved the capital to Diqiu; In 24 BC1year, Wei moved the capital (now Qinyang); During the Warring States Period, Duwei Diqiu was named Puyang because it was located in the Yang of Pushui. In 209 BC, Qin Ershi abolished Wei Jun as Shu Ren, and the country perished. Ceng Wei has moved the capital four times, with a history of more than 800 years. He was a vassal state that still existed nominally after the reunification of Qin.
Confucius traveled around the world, and his first stop was in Diqiu. "Dewey's Diqiu has disappeared today. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, it was submerged by the Yellow River and buried deep underground. It was not until 2005 that the tip of the iceberg was exposed due to the excavation of the Yucheng site. " Li Zhongyi, an expert in Puyang literature and history, said.
On March 9, 2009, the reporter came to Puyang to look for the long-lost Dewey Diqiu.
About 10 km south of Puyang County, the reporter came to Gaocheng Village, Wuxing Township, an obscure village lying quietly on the flat and open old Yellow River. Gao, the old branch secretary of the village, took us to the south of the village and pointed to a green wilderness and said, "This is the place where the ruins of Gaocheng were originally excavated, and now it has been backfilled."
In April, 2005, Henan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Puyang Institute of Cultural Relics Protection conducted drilling and trial excavation on the four walls of Gaocheng Site, and four exploratory trenches were excavated at that time. "When digging, there was a once-in-a-century flood in Puyang City, and the exploration points excavated at the construction site became puddles." Gao Kuisheng, a villager who participated in the excavation, said. Later, we had to drill wells to drain water, and it was very difficult to dig. The trench was not dug to the end, and only two meters of rammed earth was dug in the deepest trench.
From April 2005 to May 2006, the excavation work came to an end temporarily, and the excavation results initially proved that the site was an ancient city site with an area of about 910.6 million square meters.
The plan shape of the city site is roughly rectangular, and the preservation height is 6-9 meters. The base of the city wall is about 70 meters wide, and the top is 20-30 meters wide. There is a moat outside the city wall. The north wall is about 2420m long, the east wall is about 3790m long, the west wall is 3986m long and the south wall is 236 1 m long. The top of the four walls of the ancient city ruins is covered by the silt layer of the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties with a thickness of 4-5 meters, and the moat and cultural layer in the city are overlapped by the silt layer of the Han Dynasty with a thickness of 6-8 meters.
Diqiu is a big city. According to experts' speculation, it should be washed away and buried by a catastrophic flood in the Yellow River at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. Experts therefore imagine that since it was once buried more than ten meters underground by floods, will the layout of streets and palaces at that time be better preserved? Will there be any amazing discoveries in future excavations? Can you provide more information for the study of the history of defending the country? All this is still unknown.
At present, there are 13 villages scattered on the ruins of Gaocheng with an area of 9160,000 square meters, and the northern countryside is desolate. When Confucius arrived, what was Diqiu City buried deep in the countryside like? Why did Confucius choose Wei as his first stop when he traveled around the world? What hope does he have for defending the country?
All this has to start from the beginning.
Why did you leave Rubenway? Confucius did a good job in politics when he was in Lu, and acted as the agent of the minister. In 498 BC, an important event planned by Confucius "captured the three capitals" unfortunately failed, which changed the fate of Confucius' administration.
It turns out that in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, there were three kinds of political forces in Lu, one was the official office represented by Lu, the other was the aristocrat represented by "Sanhuan", and the third was the retainer force. Lu is subject to the "Three Huan", which in turn is subject to the retainer. Lu hoped to weaken the "Three Huan", while the "Three Huan" hoped to attack the courtiers. Confucius wanted to use this contradiction to tear down the three castles rebelled by the retainers of Sanhuan, so as to suppress Sanhuan. But this plan failed, and both Confucius and Lu suffered a blow. "Three Huan" became wary of Confucius, jointly dealt with Confucius and Lu, and once again took control of state affairs.
The following year, in 497 BC, Qi sent 80 dancers and 120 horses to induce Lu to indulge in debauchery. Therefore, if you don't ask about state affairs, you are lazy about state affairs.
Lutz saw this situation and suggested that Confucius resign and leave. Confucius had an illusion and insisted on waiting and seeing. Because it is the day of sacrifice in the suburbs soon, Confucius intends to stay after the sacrifice in the suburbs if he can still distribute the meat to the doctor according to the "ceremony".
Confucius was disappointed as a result. He didn't get meat. Confucius is an understanding person, knowing that "if you are in harmony, you will stay, if you are not, you will leave", so he led his disciples to resign. Before leaving, Confucius expressed his nostalgia and love for Lu in a unique way: "I will postpone my trip and go to my parents' country." "One step nine back, refused to leave.
Confucius had to leave Lu, so he couldn't go east to Qi, because Confucius violated the "gathering grain" meeting, and "sharing female music" greatly angered Confucius. He and his disciples decided to go to the west after careful discussion.
"Lu and Wei are brother countries. Protecting the country and defending the country is politically stable, and there is a voice of righteousness in culture. Economically, Tao Wei also said that they are relatively developed. " Mr. Sun Dexuan, an expert in Puyang literature and history, said.
What is a brotherly country? Weiguo is a close neighbor of Lu, and is a country named Ji with Lu. After Lu came the Duke of Zhou, after Wei came Kang Shu, and both Duke of Zhou and Kang Shu were sons of Zhou Wenwang. These two countries are truly brotherly countries.
Confucius also had a good friend in Weiguo, named Chi. He is a doctor of Weiguo. He has served the Three Kingdoms (offering, helping and protecting the public) all his life and is famous for his virtue. Confucius had a close relationship with him and had stayed in his house many times before.
Confucius' choice to defend his country is also related to the patriotism of many of his students. His favorite students and Zi Gong are patriots, and some well-known disciples such as Zhu Jingjiang, Qin Prison and Yan Qiuyou are also patriots. Yan Qiuyou is Lutz's wife and younger brother, and is an official in Weiguo. These people have extensive social relations in Weiguo, and their popularity makes Confucius as famous as Lu in Weiguo. Lutz actively advocated going to defend the country, because besides Yan Qiuyou, he also had a brother-in-law Zixia Mi, who was a favorite of Wei Linggong. It is believed that you can establish contact with Chi, Yan Qiuyou and others, and it is likely to be reused.
In addition, Wei also had a number of good ministers, such as, public officials, etc., all of whom were appreciated by Confucius. Before going to defend the country, Confucius either knew him or heard his name for a long time.
Gongshufa, that is, Uncle Wen Zi, was regarded by Confucius as an unsmiling and unfair person. Take "Wen" as the dead point after death. I once asked my teacher why I could learn from "Wen". Confucius said that he was "sensitive and eager to learn, and was not ashamed to ask questions, so he said it." Confucius thought that Gongshufa could bear the "posthumous title".
Confucius' running regimen is full of hope. But what he didn't expect was that he stayed in Weiguo for 10 years, making Weiguo his "second hometown".