Longmen Grottoes were first excavated in the Northern Wei Dynasty, about the time when Emperor Xiaowen of Wei made Luoyang his capital. This grotto was excavated for a long time, and later it went through the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Western Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Northern Zhou Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. According to statistics, there are more than 2 100 caves and more than 0/00000 statues in the two mountains. The largest statue is 17. 17 meters high. The smallest is only 2 cm. In addition, there are more than 40 pagodas with 3680 inscriptions. There are many caves in Longmen Grottoes, among which Binyang Cave, Qianxi Temple, Wanfo Cave, Fengxian Temple and Guyang Cave are very famous. Only Binyang Cave and Fengxian Temple are mentioned here.
Binyang Cave consists of three caves: Middle Cave, North Cave and South Cave. It is a famous cave in Longmen Grottoes. Binyang Middle Cave is the main cave, located in the north of Longmen West Mountain. This is one of two caves built by Yuan Ke, a Xuan Wudi in the Northern Wei Dynasty, for his parents Emperor Xiaowen and Queen Zhao Wen. From the first year of Jingming in the Northern Wei Dynasty (500 years) to the fourth year of Zhengguang (523 years), it lasted for 24 years, and it was the longest, most labor-consuming and most magnificent cave. The statue of Sakyamuni in the center is 8.4 meters high, with a delicate face, a tall and big nose and a smile on his mouth. It was the best stone carving art in China during the Northern Wei Dynasty. Two disciples and two bodhisattvas stood on both sides of the main Buddha. Carve a Buddha and two Bodhisattvas on both sides of the wall. There are ten musicians flying around the lotus canopy carved on the ceiling of the cave. Binyang North Cave was dug in the Northern Wei Dynasty and was not completed until the early years of the Tang Dynasty. Right in the middle, Amitabha is 7.55 meters high. The Buddha's backlight is like a flaming flame, but it looks like a gourd pattern when you look closely. Exquisite and vivid carving is a masterpiece of backlit flame patterns of Buddha statues in Tang Dynasty. There are arhats and threatened bodhisattvas carved on both sides of the Buddha statue; There are two heavenly kings embossed on both sides of the gate, which are mighty and powerful. From the Northern Wei Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty, the South Cave in Binyang is carved with Amitabha Buddha, with a rich face and smooth clothing lines. There are countless shrines, large and small, in the cave. At the top of the cave, there are two providers with offerings, and six musicians surround the lotus treasure cover. The clothes are graceful and beautiful.