Celebrity landscape, help introduce a few

2007 China Tour Series (III) —— The landscape of Confucian celebrities, Confucius (55 BC1-479 BC) famous mountain, the word Zhong Ni. China was an ancient thinker, educator, musician and founder of Confucianism. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Lu was born in Qufu, Shandong Province. He likes singing all his life. During his travels around the world, he was trapped by Chen and Cai, and his diet was interrupted, but he continued to play the piano and sing. Just seven days before his death, he sang a lamentation. He attaches great importance to the educational function of music, and regards music as one of the educational courses and the second of the six arts (ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and mathematics). At the age of 35, I talked with musicians in Qi State and heard Shao. He said: "I don't know the taste of March meat after learning it." At the age of 59, he expressed his feelings in Wei Guo! The "Dutchman" who defends the country knows that he is expressing his dissatisfaction with reality. After that, he learned piano from a musician named Shi Rang and played Wang Wencao. He studied hard, explored various musical expressions from all aspects, and returned to Shandong in his later years to engage in positive music. He collected more than 3000 folk songs and arranged them into three episodes of poems, books and ceremonies. Among them, 305 poems can be sung together. He asked for perfection in music and once said, "Shao is perfect." He believes: "It is not good to be happy and change customs. He advocates that music should serve' benevolence' and cooperate with' ceremony' to achieve the purpose of education. " He thinks that "it is immoral", and only Shao is good music! Confucius' music thought has a great influence on later generations and even today. The existing Guishan Grass, Huolin Grass and Guijiang Grass are all written by Confucius. The real name of Confucius' House is the Duke's House of Feast, which is located in the east of Confucius Temple in Qufu and is the residence of Confucius' first grandson. The Duke of Feast was the title given to Confucius by Song Renzong from the Northern Song Dynasty to the second year of Hehe (AD 1055). The descendants of this title have inherited 32 generations and lasted for 880 years. Covering an area of 240 mu, Confucius House has 463 halls, halls, buildings and rooms. Nine-way courtyard, three-way layout: East Road means East School, and there are big halls, A Mu Grace Hall, Confucius Temple and workshops. West Road is a western school, including Honghuxuan, Zhongshutang, Anhuaitang and Huatang. The main body of Confucius House is in the middle road, with three halls and six halls in front, the inner hall, the front building, the front and rear halls, the annex building and the last six rooms behind, and finally the garden. The tomb of Confucius is located in the center of Confucius Forest. Enter the holy forest gate, cross the bamboo water bridge and enjoy the hall, and you can see the Confucius Temple surrounded by red walls. There is a huge stone tablet in front of the tomb, which reads "Tomb of King Dacheng to Shengwen", which was written by Huang in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (AD 1443). The stone platform in front of the tomb was built by Fengchan Stone transported from Mount Tai in the Tang Dynasty. Confucius compared his death to the collapse of Mount Tai before his death, and after his death, he became the teacher of the emperor and the watch of the world. This tall stone platform symbolizes Confucius' lofty thoughts and indomitable spirit like Mount Tai. The owner's tomb, with extraordinary specifications and magnificent momentum, is even slightly inferior to the emperor's tomb. Gan Long lamented: "The teachings will last forever, and Mount Tai will not fall." "The tomb of Confucius is shaped like a hunchback horse, called' horse-shaped seal', which is a particularly respected form of tomb building. On the right of the tomb is his son's tomb, and on the south is Sun's tomb. This tomb layout is called "holding children and grandchildren". As the saying goes, "If you are pregnant, you will have grandchildren, and you will make contributions from generation to generation", and "If your father is pregnant, wealth will always be there". According to this view, the geomantic omen formed by this layout has an effect on the prosperity of the holy vein. If anyone has doubts about this, they must think for themselves. Kong Li is the only descendant of Confucius. When he was born, Lu Aigong specially sent a big carp to congratulate him. Confucius named his son Kong Li, Apollo. Before Kong Li died of Confucius, he lived a mediocre life. Because he was the son of a saint, he was named "Hou of Surabaya" by Song Huizong, and the descendants of Confucius were honored as "the second ancestor". Kong You inherited and developed Confucius' theory and wrote Confucian classics such as The Doctrine of the Mean. Therefore, he was named as "the sage of solving the state", and Kong's descendants were honored as "the third ancestor". After the death of Confucius, disciples kept the tomb for three years and left one after another. Only Zigong kept it for another three years. In order to commemorate him, later generations built three Westinghouse houses in front of Zigong Tomb on the west side of Confucius Tomb, and erected a monument named "Zigong Land Tomb". There are many wonderful legends about the sincere and touching relationship between Zi Gong and Confucius. Zi Gong, formerly known as Duan Muci, was a patriot in the south of the Yangtze River and was once a wealthy businessman. Because he admired Confucius' knowledge and abandoned business to study, he soon became one of the top ten disciples of Confucius. Zigong later went into politics and was a very successful man, but he always admired Confucius. He often said: "those who never tire of learning are also wise;" Those who are tireless in teaching others are also benevolent. Benevolence, the Lord. " After the death of Confucius, Zi Gong went to the funeral from Jiangnan thousands of miles away. After the funeral, he kept the tomb for Confucius for six years. During this period, he transplanted the precious and rare regular script tree in Jiangnan to the teacher's grave, placing his true feelings for the teacher. Regular script trees are tough and the trunk is straight, which symbolizes that Confucius is a teacher and a teacher. Meng Ziming Ke, the orthodox successor of Confucianism, has the reputation of "Ya Sheng" and is a famous thinker and educator in the Warring States Period. After his death, he was buried in the suburb of Zou County, named Menglin. There are Mengmiao and Mengfu in the county. Meng Fu lived exclusively for the descendants of Mencius and the doctors of the Five Classics in the hereditary Imperial Academy. Meng Temple was built in the Northern Song Dynasty (1037), and the original site was next to Mencius' mausoleum. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), it moved to its present site, and now it has begun to take shape in the Ming Dynasty. The Meng Temple is rectangular and divided into five courtyards. There are 64 halls, 4 wood workshops, 1 stone workshop. Centered on the main building sub-hall, the north and south form a central axis, which is symmetrically arranged left and right. The front part is 20 courtyards, and the back part is left, middle and right. The layout of the buildings in the temple is open, the density is suitable, and the courtyards are different, each with its own pattern. The Confucius Temple is magnificent, with a height of17m and an area of more than 560m2. It has double eaves and nine ridges, a green glazed tile roof and red lacquered columns and beams. In the center of the hall is a statue of Monk. There is a horizontal plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty on the lintel. The sleeping hall, the opening hall, the temple and the imperial tablet pavilion in the temple have their own characteristics. There are more than 350 stone tablets in the temple, the most striking of which are "Meng Mu Broken Machine" and "Meng Mu Three Movements". Meng Mu Temple is located in the northeast corner of the temple. There is a stone tablet in front of the temple, engraved with the words "one mother teaches one person". Confucius Temple is the largest place to worship Confucius in China. * * * There are 9 courtyards, divided into left, middle and right roads, with a longitudinal length of 630m and a lateral width of 140m. There are more than 460 temples, temples, altars and pavilions, 54 city gates and 0/3 imperial monuments, with a huge construction scale. In 478 BC (the year after the death of Confucius), Lu Aigong converted his old residence into a temple. Since then, successive emperors have continuously sealed Confucius and expanded temples. In the Qing dynasty, Yongzheng ordered an overhaul and expanded it to a modern scale. When visiting Confucius Temple, we should focus on the ancient inscriptions of Kuiwen Pavilion, Ming Tombs Pavilion, Xingtan, Dacheng Hall and its two temples on the central axis. Xingtan is located in the middle of the aisle in front of Dacheng Hall, which is said to be the place where Confucius gave lectures. There is an old cypress beside the altar, which is called "the old teacher planted cypress". Dacheng Hall is the core of Confucius Temple, the tallest building in the whole temple and one of the three ancient halls in China. Confucius Temple has the largest number of Han steles in China, and the number of steles in past dynasties is second only to Xi 'an. Kong Lin, located in the north of Qufu, is a special cemetery for Confucius and his family, and it is also the longest-lasting and largest family cemetery in the world. Kong Lin began in the second year after the death of Confucius. With the increasing status of Confucius, the scale of Confucius forest is also growing. Since the Han Dynasty, rulers of past dynasties have rebuilt and added 13 times to Kong Lin, and even opened it to the present scale, with a total area of about 2 square kilometers, surrounded by 5.6 kilometers of forest walls, which are more than 3 meters high and 1 meter thick. Guo Moruo once said: "This is a good natural museum and a chronicle of the Confucius family." . Confucius also played an irreplaceable role in studying the political, economic and cultural development and the evolution of funeral customs in China. Mengmiao scenic spot in Zoucheng, Shandong. Mencius was a famous thinker and educator in the Warring States period, and was the orthodox successor of Confucianism, and he was known as "the sage of Asia". After his death, he was buried in the suburb of Zou County, named Menglin. There are Mengmiao and Mengfu in the county. Meng Fu lived exclusively for the descendants of Mencius and the doctors of the Five Classics in the hereditary Imperial Academy. Meng Temple was built in the Northern Song Dynasty (1037), and the original site was next to Mencius' mausoleum. In the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), it moved to its present site, and now it has begun to take shape in the Ming Dynasty. The Meng Temple is rectangular and divided into five courtyards. There are 64 halls, 4 wood workshops, 1 stone workshop. Centered on the main building sub-hall, the north and south form a central axis, which is symmetrically arranged left and right. The front part is 20 courtyards, and the back part is left, middle and right. The layout of the buildings in the temple is open, the density is suitable, and the courtyards are different, each with its own pattern. The Confucius Temple is magnificent, with a height of17m and an area of more than 560m2. It has double eaves and nine ridges, a green glazed tile roof and red lacquered columns and beams. In the center of the hall is a statue of Monk. There is a horizontal plaque inscribed by Yong Zhengdi in Qing Dynasty on the lintel. The sleeping hall, the opening hall, the temple and the imperial tablet pavilion in the temple have their own characteristics. There are more than 350 stone tablets in the temple, the most striking of which are "Meng Mu Broken Machine" and "Meng Mu Three Movements". Meng Mu Temple is located in the northeast corner of the temple. There is a stone tablet in front of the temple, engraved with the words "one mother teaches one person". Jinan Zengzi Temple, also known as Zengzi Temple, is a temple dedicated to the disciple of Confucius-Zongsheng Zengshen, located at the foot of Xuanwu Mountain, 20 kilometers south of Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province. 1992, listed as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Zengmiao is 260 meters long from north to south and 100 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 26,000 square meters. There are 30 buildings and more than 80 temples in the temple, surrounded by red walls. The main building is located on the north-south central axis, divided into left, middle and right roads, and enters the courtyard. The Analects of Confucius is a record of the dialogue between Ceng Zi and Confucius.