Fish belong to a kind of temperature-changing animal, and their body temperature often changes with the temperature of living waters. In the life of fish, water temperature directly affects the metabolism of fish. All kinds of fish have their own temperatures suitable for survival and growth. For example, carp, grass carp and bream are all warm-water fish, and the water temperature suitable for living is around 25℃. The suitable temperature for crucian carp is 65438 05℃ ~ 20℃. Living in the water temperature of C, in this temperature range, these fish eat vigorously, which is a good opportunity for fishing. Warm-water fish, when the water temperature drops to 10℃ ~ 15℃, their food intake is obviously reduced; When the water temperature drops below 4℃, the fish hibernate in the deep water.
The thermal conductivity of water is relatively poor. Most of the heat energy irradiated by sunlight on the water surface is absorbed by the water layer about 1 m below the water surface, and only about 5% of the heat energy is transferred to the water area 5 meters deep. According to some data, the water temperature in early spring in 1 m water depth is 10℃ ~ 17℃, while it is only 7℃ ~ 8℃ in 5 m water depth. Summer water temperature. The water depth 1 m is 18℃ ~ 23℃, while the water depth of 5 m is only17℃ ~18℃. 1 meter deep water body, late autumn water temperature 15. C ~ 17℃, but only14℃ ~15℃ in the water area of 5 meters deep; In winter, the water temperature is 3℃ ~ 5℃ in the waters with a water depth of L meters, and 7℃ ~ 10℃ in the waters with a water depth of 5 meters. According to the relationship between water temperature and water depth in each season and the suitable temperature of various fish, the fishing waters with suitable depth are selected.
2. The relationship between oxygen and fish
Oxygen is a necessary gas for all kinds of fish to survive, but they can only absorb oxygen dissolved in water. Oxygen in water generally comes from the following two aspects: first, oxygen in the atmosphere is dissolved in water, but its dissolved amount is very small; The second is the oxygen produced by photosynthesis of aquatic plants and dissolved in water.
The amount of dissolved oxygen in water has a great relationship with the water temperature. The higher the water temperature, the lower the oxygen content in the water, and the higher the water temperature, the stronger the metabolism of fish and other aquatic organisms. Breathing capacity increases, thus accelerating the consumption of oxygen in water. Therefore, in the midsummer season, when the water temperature in some stagnant water and shallow ponds is high, fish often stick their heads out of the water to breathe in order to absorb oxygen. This time is generally not suitable for fishing.
In addition, in the hot and low-pressure weather, there is also lack of oxygen in the water, and fish also have floating heads. Fish at the bottom will migrate to the middle layer, while fish at the middle and lower layers will drift to the upper and middle layers, so fishing should be changed from bottom fishing to upper and middle fishing. Second, various factors affecting fishing
Fish have perfect sensory function. When the external environment changes slightly, they will respond quickly, and their physiological functions, activities and appetite will also change.
Second, various factors affecting fishing activities are:
1. water temperature
As mentioned above, temperature is an important factor affecting the growth and appetite of fish. The folk proverb says "fishing in the shallows in summer and sunbathing in the shade in autumn" because the shallow water temperature rises faster than the deep water temperature in spring, and the fish automatically swim to the shallows, which is the reason for "fishing in the shallows in spring". The water temperature is generally high in summer. However, the daily temperature difference in deep water is very small, so in summer, fish only go to the shore shoal in the morning and evening, and most of them migrate to deep water to escape the heat at noon, so they should "fish in the summer pond" and "fish in the morning and evening, fish in the pond at noon"; "Fishing in the shade in autumn and fishing in the sun in winter" also reflects the activity law of fish in autumn and winter.
2. Water flow
The constant flow of water is conducive to the dissolution of oxygen and can continuously increase food for fish. Therefore, there are more fish in the living water area than in the still water area, and they are lively and have a strong appetite. Because of this, the confluence of two streams, the river population of lakes and reservoirs are often fish-rich areas and good places for fishing.
3. Natural bait
In the waters rich in aquatic life and natural bait, there are more fish; There must be less fish in the waters with less organisms and less natural bait. Different kinds of bait will attract different fish. Multi-bait areas are generally in coastal, sub-coastal and shallow waters; Open areas in deep water are often places where big fish live and migrate. Mastering this rule is very helpful for fishing.
4. Matrix
The number of fish varies with different sediments. For example, generally speaking, muddy sediment is rich in biology and natural bait, so there are many fish; The sediment is worse, but there are generally no fish at the bottom of the sand. However, if there are many cracks and caves at the bottom, sometimes catfish, mandarin fish and other cave fish live here.
5. Water level
The fluctuation of water level is also related to the activities of fish. Generally, when the water level rises, fish are more active, like swimming, and often compete for food on the shore; When the water level drops, it is especially obvious that most fish and larger fish panic and swim into the deep water one after another, with little movement.
6. wind
Where there is wind, there are waves, which is beneficial to dissolved oxygen in water. At this time, fish are particularly active and greedy. When it is calm, the dissolved oxygen in the water decreases, and the fish will move less and eat less. The wind direction also has a certain influence on the activities of fish. When the south wind blows, most fish swim near the north shore. It is closer to the south bank when the north wind blows. For another example, when the northeast wind, east wind and southeast wind blow in autumn, the catch rate of "eating hook" is high and the fish catch is large; When the wind blows to the south and southwest, the second; When the west wind, northwest wind and north wind blow, the catch of fish is greatly reduced.
7. Weather
Weather includes air pressure, temperature, humidity, wind, clouds, rain, snow, frost, fog and freezing. The changes of each element will have different degrees of influence on the activities of fish. All the above factors are related to dissolved oxygen in water. If there is enough oxygen in the water, the fish will be full of energy and have a strong appetite. Once there is no oxygen in the water, the fish will be depressed, lose appetite and be inactive; There is severe hypoxia in the water. There will be fish floating head, stop eating.
Usually, there is more dissolved oxygen in water at high temperature than at low temperature; When the air pressure is high, there is more dissolved oxygen than when the air pressure is low. There is more dissolved oxygen when there is wind than when there is no wind. The temperature is high at 2 pm during the day, and there is much dissolved oxygen in the water; The temperature is low before sunrise, and the dissolved oxygen in the water is low. Grasping the weather and the rules of fish activities is of great benefit to fishing.
Looking at the influence of various weather on fishing activities, the folk summary is as follows: rainy Chu Qing, cloudy and sunny after thunderstorm, cool and pleasant summer and sunny weather in winter are all good weather for fishing. It has been raining for a long time, it hasn't rained for a long time, it is humid and sultry, before a thunderstorm, or it is freezing in the cold, which is not suitable for fishing.
8. Moisture status
Water regime includes fatness and turbidity of water quality, color and temperature of water, movement and stillness of water, etc.
Water quality can be divided into fat water, thin water and poor water. The degree of fatness of water is often measured by transparency, and the transparency of water is related to the color of water, because the color of water is usually a reflection of the substances contained in water. The transparency of the fertilizer pond (that is, the depth visible in the water) is about 25 cm. If the transparency is high and there are few plankton, the fish will not grow well. The color of fat water is generally light yellow, bluish yellow or light brown. If the color of the water turns reddish or brownish red, it is a sign that the water is not good. The so-called bad water is polluted water. Pesticides, fertilizers, diesel oil, petroleum and modern wastewater discharged from factories will cause water pollution, deteriorate water quality and seriously affect the survival and growth of fish if they are discharged or put in disorder without treatment. Fishing is not allowed in such waters. Thin water is not suitable for fishing, the water is too clear, there are few plankton, and the fish are not growing well, which is the folk proverb: "Clear water means no fish."
Generally speaking, the turbidity of water is divided into 0 ~ 10 degree 1 1 grade. If the clear tap water is 0 degrees, and the water full of mud is 10 degrees, the most suitable for fishing should be between 4 and 6 degrees. How to judge turbidity? Usually observed with naked eyes, aquatic plants can be seen faintly under the water 16.5 ~ 33.3 cm. The folk proverb says: "The water is as clear as a mirror, and you can't fish well;" The water was muddy and fishing was ruined. "If the water is too clear or turbid, it is not suitable for fishing.
The movement of water refers to the movement of fish in water. The water is as calm as a mirror, indicating that the fish here are not active. No fish can find food, so it is not suitable for fishing here. There are fish floating on the surface of the water chewing water, indicating that there is no oxygen in the water and the fish will not eat. Don't fish here either. It is also not suitable for fishing in waters where fish are in shock. They are afraid of finding food and run away as soon as they see people.
There are fish in the water, sometimes fish will jump out of the water and hit the water, and there are large and small bubbles coming out of the water, which shows that there are fish activities and foraging, and you can usually catch fish when fishing here.
The sport of watching water mainly depends on blisters. There are usually two kinds of bubbles. One is bubbles, which are biogas bubbles heated or stirred by running water at the bottom of the water, and have the characteristics of fixed position, similar size and similar static time. The other is fish bubbles, which are bubbles emitted by fish when they contact the soil for food, or bubbles spit out by fish when they eat. This is the bubble to watch-Fish Star. "Fish stars" are big and small. As the fish moves, it is different from the bubble mentioned above. Fish are different, so are "fish stars". For example, the "fish stars" of crucian carp are small and few, in twos and threes, like beads; Grass carp has more fish stars than crucian carp.
Generally speaking, fish are big and there are many fish, so "fish stars" are big and numerous; There are few fish, so there are few "fish stars". After sowing the nest, if you find many star bubbles near the nest, you can fish immediately.
9. Noise
Noise will also affect fish's activities and foraging. For example, shooting in the mountains, making loud noises, motor vehicles and ships, and other irregular and accidental noises near the waters will all interfere with fish, leading to fish fleeing and short-term fasting. However, if you are on the dock, in the waterway frequented by motorboats, and in the waters along the river with roads, railways and factories, the regular roar of motor vehicles, boats and machines has basically no effect on fish activities. Because the fish in this area are used to hearing these sounds and adapting to the environment here.
Fishing season, time and climate
1. season
The best fishing seasons are autumn, early spring and around Grain Rain. After autumn, aquatic plants began to rot, and the live food on the shore was close to hibernation. Therefore, the natural edible bait in the water is gradually decreasing. More importantly, all kinds of fish will enter a semi-hibernation state after autumn, so fish eat more before hibernation, and are often hungry because of the reduction of natural food. So the fishing effect is better this season.
Next came early spring and Grain Rain. During this period, all kinds of natural foods are recovering, but there is not enough fish food. Coupled with the spring blossoms, all kinds of fish have changed from semi-hibernation to swimming, and their food intake is gradually increasing. There is a folk saying that "fishing is good in spring and March, and catching turtles before and after the first frost."
Generally speaking, summer and winter are the off-season for fishing, but in severe winter, you can also break the ice and fish-winter fishing. Fishing is hard this season, but as long as the location and bait are well chosen, sometimes it is more rewarding than the fishing season in spring and autumn.
Generally speaking, due to the vast territory of China, from north to south, most areas belong to temperate, subtropical and tropical regions. It's not too hot in summer and not too cold in winter. Although there are differences between north and south, fishing can be done from Sun Moon Lake in Taiwan Province Province to Heilongjiang and Wusuli River in the north almost all year round.
2. Four Seasons Fishing Tips
Seasons, climate and fishing are closely related. Throughout the year, nature is unpredictable and unpredictable. But climate also has its universal laws and particularities. As long as we know its general law and particularity, we can achieve better fishing effect.
(1) spring fishing
In spring, the weather turns from cold to warm, and the water temperature rises. It's rainy in spring, usually in Mao Mao. There are three kinds of folk fishing proverbs: "fishing in the beach in spring", "shallow fishing in spring" and "fishing in rain and fog in spring", which are the summary of people's long-term experience. In spring, weeds germinate and grow in soup and lakeside, which is also the place where aquatic microorganisms grow. Spring is also the most prosperous season for fish reproduction and one of the most active seasons for fish foraging. It is for this reason that fish should choose weeds and stone pits for spawning and mating, and go to the shore and shoal for food, and choose "beach" and "shallow" for spring fishing. Fish are most active, most "feeding" and most willing to "take the bait" when it rains and blows northeast wind, east wind and southeast wind.
(2) Fishing in summer
Summer weather is sultry, with strong sunshine, frequent thunderstorms and typhoons, high temperature and high water temperature. Those adult fish that have been fed for a spring and completed the breeding task once or twice have "recovered" and become strong. In addition, there are many baits in the water, so I am full all day, far from being so hungry, and I am often indifferent to the baits cast by people, so it is difficult to catch big fish in summer. Because the air is cool and fresh in the summer morning, fish float to the surface to breathe and look for bait; After the sun rises, fish will swim to the deep water or aquatic plants, so fishermen must choose the above terrain and orientation for fishing in summer, that is, "summer fishing pond", "summer fishing deep" and "summer fishing early"
(3) Autumn fishing
In autumn, as the weather turns from hot to cold, the water temperature gradually cools and warms, and fish gather at the bottom of the water. Fish are more active this season, and their digestion and feeding ability are stronger. Therefore, fish in autumn is easier to catch than fish in summer, with a high rate of "eating hooks" and a large catch, and the fish in autumn is also the fattest. Folk summary: "autumn fishing"? Refers to the terrain; "Autumn fishing at dusk" means that the time should be at dusk: "Autumn fishing is dark and cloudy" means that the water is dark and the fish's sight is blurred. Bite easily. In the south, autumn is characterized by the sultry weather of the "autumn tiger", and fish swimmers spend the summer in deep pools, which are generally in the corners. At dusk, when the sky is cloudy, fish also need bait. So what folk proverbs say is equally applicable.
(4) Fishing in winter
The cold season is characterized by cold winter, heavy snow, biting wind and withered water plants. At this time, the fish have sneaked into the deepest part of the water body for the winter, with little activity and little food intake. But wintering fish are not absolutely inactive and do not feed, especially some larger fish. When the weather is clear and the water temperature does not reach freezing point, they will still swim to the sunny deep water for food and sunshine. Fishing time is mainly around noon. A folk proverb says that "fishing for the sun in winter" refers to finding sunny areas from the terrain. "Winter fishing" means that the water color should be clear; "Fishing grass in winter" means that fish get into aquatic plants in winter to avoid the cold and keep warm, so they should fish where there are aquatic plants.
(5) Others
There is a folk saying that "fishing without grass is futile", which refers to fishing in or near the growth zone of aquatic plants all the year round. Because aquatic plants are the most ideal "home" for fish, they can escape the heat in summer and keep warm in winter, and they are also places where fish breed and feed, so places with aquatic plants can fish all year round.
3. Time
Fishing is generally better around sunrise and sunset, 9 ~ L 1 in the morning and 3 ~ 5 pm. But it also depends on the season. For example, it gets cold after autumn, and noon is better than afternoon. Midsummer, sooner or later is better. Folk summary is: fishing early in winter, fishing early in summer. Fishing can be done in the morning and evening in spring and autumn. If the location is chosen well, the night fishing effect is also very good. Some people still fish all night. The above is for reference only. Due to different regions and species, the fishing effect is different.
4. Climate
Wind and rain have little effect on fishing. Even with wind and waves, fish still feed underwater. Fishing in calm waters, windy is better than calm (if you look at the float with a hand pole, it will have a greater impact). But it also depends on the climate and wind direction. Generally, the effect of south wind and west wind is poor, and the effect of northwest wind is better when the temperature is high. The south wind is better when the temperature is low.
Fishing when it rains is better in summer. Because the temperature and water temperature are higher on sunny days in summer. Light rain can reduce water temperature and increase fish activity. However, it is not suitable for fishing when it rains heavily. It is better to wait until the rain clears. After the autumn, there is "an autumn rain and a cold". After the rain, the water temperature drops sharply, and the fish do not feed, which is not suitable for fishing.
When the temperature and water temperature are relatively stable, the fishing effect is better, and the fluctuation of temperature will affect the fishing effect. Generally speaking, when the air temperature and water temperature do not exceed 6℃, it will not have a great impact on fish foraging. The best time is 2 ~ 3 days before the weather changes, such as before rain and snow, before heating up and cooling down. At this time, the activity and food intake of fish will increase. Usually before it rains or after it blows. This time is better.
For example, someone is fishing in Tuancheng Lake in the Summer Palace in Beijing. The wind is 5 ~ 6, southwest wind. Waves often hit the coast 2 ~ 3 meters. Anglers can catch a 4.5 kg carp at 9 am. Why can fishing get a good harvest when the southwest wind blows and the wind reaches 5 ~ 6? This is because there is no running water in calm waters, and when wind and waves meet, moving water will be generated in the waters. At this time, the fish is not in the upper layer, but in the bottom layer or deep water. With the increase of activity and appetite, the biting rate is high.