Huanggang Mountain, located in the northern section of Wuyi Mountain Range in Shangrao City, northeast Jiangxi Province, is 2 160.8 meters above sea level. It is the highest peak in the southeast of the mainland and is known as the "East China Roof" and "Wuyi Pillar". From low altitude to high altitude, it is Phyllostachys pubescens forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest, coniferous forest, Zhongshan dwarf forest, hilltop shrub meadow and so on. The most complete forest vegetation types are preserved here, so Huanggang Mountain is also called the "masterpiece" of nature.
Freshmen in protected areas
From Nanchang, after passing Dechang and Wan Wan Expressway, you can walk more than 20 kilometers to Yejiachang Protection Station in Wuyishan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province.
Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve was founded in the early 1980s. Wuyishan area is a world-famous biological specimen collection resort. As early as the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of new animal and plant species were discovered here, which has the reputation of "insect world", "bird paradise" and "key to the study of amphibians and reptiles in Asia" and is recognized as "biological window". However, due to historical reasons, some places have suffered serious deforestation and natural resources have been destroyed. 1978 After the National Science and Technology Conference was held, under the appeal of a group of scientists, the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to nature protection and decided to establish a number of nature reserves by means of rescue throughout the country. Wuyishan is one of them, and Jiangxi and Fujian are two Wuyishan nature reserves. At the beginning of the establishment of Jiangxi nature reserve, the land was vast and sparsely populated, the traffic was blocked, the electricity and telephone were blocked, and the conditions were extremely difficult. At that time, Yejiachang was the logging work area of Wuyishan Reclamation Field, surrounded by crude houses and barren hills. There is only a simple way to get into and out of the mountains, and you have to make a phone call to Wuyishan Town, which is more than 10 kilometers away. Without electricity, it was dark at night. Everything you eat and use has to be shipped from outside. If the snow closes the mountain in winter and the traffic is interrupted, you can only tighten your belt and even endure freezing and hunger.
After years of construction, this nature reserve has taken on a new look. The dirt roads in those days were low and shabby, but now they have become asphalt roads and small tall buildings. Tall trees such as golden ginkgo trees are planted on both sides of the spacious road, and a five-story chestnut office building stands aside. There are staff dormitories, guest houses and canteens on both sides of the road, and hiking trails have been built along the river. At the end of the trail, a beautiful modern building is surrounded by green trees, which is a newly-built nature reserve mission hall. The museum has the most precious specimens of animals and plants and the most informative publicity column of popular science knowledge of animals and plants, making it the best popular science education base in nature reserves.
The rich natural resources and unique geological features of the reserve have also been well protected and utilized, playing an irreplaceable role:
One is the highest and most typical Zhongshan primeval forest reserve in the southeast of Chinese mainland. The average elevation of the whole nature reserve is above1.200m. The towering peaks and steep cliffs make the peaks above 1.500m in Wuyishan Nature Reserve an extremely rare primitive vegetation reserve in the southeast of the mainland.
The second is to carry out ecological education, popular science education and nature protection publicity and education. This nature reserve is a world-famous Quaternary glacier "biological refuge", which integrates ancient geological history, typical regional primitive landforms and rich biodiversity resources. Nature reserve is a temple to explore the mysteries of nature, study the climate change, geological and historical changes, vegetation and forest animals in tropical mountain areas of East Asia, or a natural classroom to experience the harmonious coexistence between man and nature and receive environmental education.
Third, developing eco-tourism is a rare "land of feng shui". A variety of typical vertical vegetation belts, spanning 80 kilometers of the Southeast Grand Canyon and the geological and structural fault zone in the main peak area of Wuyi Mountain, make Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve the first choice destination for eco-tourism, especially bird watching.
The fourth is the best platform to show Jiangxi's beautiful ecology and effective protection. Huanggang Mountain, where Wuyishan Nature Reserve is located, and its surrounding areas are located in the southeast of China, with high population density and rapid economic development. It is a natural wilderness between Poyang Lake Ecological Economic Zone, Haixi Economic Zone, Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone and Pearl River Delta Economic Zone, and an "ecological water tower" between Poyang Lake water system and Minjiang River basin. It is the best interpretation of the development of "harmony between man and nature" to display Jiangxi's beautiful natural environment and outstanding achievements in nature protection on the platform of Wuyi Mountain in Jiangxi, and it can establish a good image of "clear water and green mountains are priceless" in Jiangxi at home and abroad.
After several generations' efforts, Wuyishan Nature Reserve has made great achievements in nature protection, scientific research and popular science education, and has become a green pearl embedded on the roof of East China and a beautiful business card of Jiangxi forestry.
The treasure of nature
From Yejiaping to Huanggang Mountain, you have to go through Tongmuguan, and then you can go straight to the top of the mountain along the war preparation road built in the late 1970s. Speaking of this war preparation highway, there is another story circulating. At that time, due to the need of combat readiness, it was necessary to build a radar station at the top of Huanggang Mountain. Before the radar station was built, it was decided to build a war preparation road leading directly to the top of the mountain. In this way, the road to the top of the mountain was built.
Now the radar station has long been useless, but this road has been preserved, becoming the only road that can directly reach all the famous mountains and rivers in Jiangxi. This highway has not only made great contributions to the development of protected areas, but also become a convenient passage for people to climb the top of Huanggang Mountain and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Huanggang Mountain.
Tongmuguan, located at the junction of Jiangxi and Fujian, is one of the eight passes for the ancient mainland to enter Fujian. The narrowest pass can only pass through one highway, which can be said to be guarded by one person and not by ten thousand people. There is an arcade now. On both sides of the building are the symbols of Wuyishan National Nature Reserve and Wuyishan National Park in Jiangxi Province. There is also a station building and a watchtower on the Jiangxi side, and a gravel road leading to Huanggang Mountain is obliquely inserted on the roadside leading to Fujian.
With the elevation, the vegetation changes constantly, and the scenery also changes. Bamboo forests sway, broad-leaved forests are colorful, coniferous forests are tall and straight, shrubs are winding, and alpine meadows are soft and woven. There are also towering peaks, which are endless.
There is a pile of cornerstones at the highest point of Huanggang Mountain, which are scattered and shaped like artificial carvings. In front of the stone are the "Huanggang Mountain" stone tablet erected by Jiangxi Provincial People's Government and the "Wuyi First Peak" stone tablet erected by Fujian Provincial People's Government, which shows that the two provinces attach great importance to Huanggang Mountain.
Standing on the top of the mountain and looking around, surrounded by mountains, there are thousands of peaks in Wan Ren. The eastern peaks are as green as a mirage, and the western mountains and rivers are like thousands of troops. I really feel the feeling that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky. Reach into the sky.
There is a precious boxwood forest not far from the main peak, which has a history of hundreds of years. The big one is more than ten centimeters, and the small one is only a few centimeters. The leaves are small and messy in color, with green, yellow and brown. If you don't remind me, it's precious boxwood, and no one will notice. Buxus microphylla is known as the "king of wood", and carving is a fine product. Boxwood, which has been wild here for hundreds of years, is rare in the market. Looking at these humble young trees, it is difficult for you to associate them with those exquisite carvings. This is the magic of nature.
The nature reserve is rich in animal and plant resources, including the golden pheasant endemic to China, which is a national first-class protected animal. There are only about 4,000 wild populations in the world, and they are recognized as "pandas among birds" in the world. Jiangxi Wuyishan Nature Reserve is stable at around 500-600. In 2009, lead mountain county under the jurisdiction of the reserve was awarded "the hometown of golden pheasant with yellow belly in China" by china wildlife conservation association. Butterflies are graceful, just like a gorgeous, noble and radiant "lady", so they are called "the Queen of Butterflies", a precious butterfly species in the world and a unique treasure in China, and are known as "the national butterfly" and "the favorite butterfly". It is rare and precious. It is the only butterfly species in China and one of the eight precious butterflies in the world. Since 1923, it was found and officially published, and it has been difficult to find its trace for 57 years. It was not until 1980 that the first living specimen was collected in Wuyishan Nature Reserve, Jiangxi Province that the research began. The plant is Tsuga australis, which has the most scientific research, ornamental and economic value with its tall and majestic tree posture. The area of Tsuga forest in the south of the reserve is 1560 hectares, with a contiguous distribution area of about 400 hectares.
The intersection of history and nature
The location of the reserve is not only a treasure of nature, but also a place to appreciate the antique style of the ancient town.
There is a famous ancient post road from Tongmuguan in Huanggang Mountain to the west. At that time, Fujian's tea was sent to Shitang Town through the ancient post road, and then to Hekou Town through the Xinjiang River in Qianshan, where it was changed to the Yangtze River and then reached the southwest of the Central Plains, as far as Russia.
Shitang is a thousand-year-old town second only to Hekou. A lead mountain and a river closely connect Shitang and the estuary, and it has the reputation of "Little Suzhou" under Wuyi Mountain. Shitang Town was also an important distribution center for paper, tea and other commodities in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
The town is surrounded by beautiful water and green hills, and the mountains, water and streets complement each other, with far-reaching artistic conception. Tongjiang and three man-made canals meander through towns, houses or small buildings near the water or across the water, and stretch into streets. There are alleys in the town, and the drainage of the official pit comes from behind the pit and flows along the street. You can hear the gurgling sound of running water in every shop. The water quality of the canal is excellent, and there is a dock every few households, which is very convenient for washing and carrying water. Many people's external walls are built by water, and some even bring water into the yard to facilitate sanitation and fire fighting. Today's Shitang Town has lost its former prosperity, but it still has China that they can't wash away.
Hekou Town, Yanshan County was once one of the four famous towns in Jiangxi Province in history. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the estuary entered its heyday, and most of the goods from Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong were transported and sold all over the country, becoming a place where merchants gathered in the "thoroughfare of eight provinces". The 500-meter-long ancient street of Ming and Qing Dynasties along the river is simple and elegant. The rut on the bluestone pavement records the prosperity of the town that year. The small river in the town twists and turns, and the green stone bridge spans the two banks, adding to the town's watery mood. On the stone tablet of the wharf along the river, the handwriting is vivid, which reminds people of the prosperity of "eight gatherings in Fujian and Sichuan, two miscellaneous in Zhejiang and Huaiyang, boats moored at night, and lights circled the shore". Back to now, this must be an important starting point for the "China-Europe train". The grand blueprint for the construction of the "Belt and Road" shines with the light of civilization in the ancient town. Today, Lead Mountain County is building a brand of "Wanli Tea Ceremony", and has hosted the fourth summit of Mongolian and Russian mayors on Wanli Tea Ceremony and urban development, actively integrating into the "Belt and Road" construction and transforming it into cultural and tourism benefits.
Bluestone remains the same, and streams often flow. Walking on the bluestone road in the ancient town and looking at the ancient buildings, people seem to hear the echo of history and see the prosperity here yesterday, as if they have a feeling of crossing time and space.
Huanggang Mountain is not only a breeding ground for rare animals and plants, but also a paradise for ancient ancestors. In the interpretation of history and nature, it has had a glorious past and will surely have a brighter and more prosperous future.
Author: Mr. Ding Yan Bing