Taihu county tuo Longshan fengshui

It is an idiom, which means that only after many times of tempering can you become a talent. And few people care about its source. In fact, this idiom comes from a unique steelmaking process in ancient China. It is an idiom, which means that only after many times of tempering can you become a talent. And few people care about its source. In fact, this idiom comes from a unique steelmaking process in ancient China.

Steelmaking production in China began in the Spring and Autumn Period. The original steel was sponge iron. When steelmaking, sponge iron is put into the furnace and carburized when heated. After reaching a certain temperature, it is taken out and forged, which is the earliest tempered steel. Later, it was found in smelting that the more times of repeated heating and forging, the harder the steel was. Therefore, in the later production process, craftsmen deliberately increased the number of times of calcination and heating, and fixed it as a national craft. This is the origin of tempering into steel.

The germination of China Hundred Steelmaking Technology appeared in the Western Han Dynasty. According to the textual research of relevant scholars and the analysis of steel swords and gold-plated calligraphy knives unearthed from Liu Sheng's tomb of Zhongshan King in Mancheng, Hebei Province, these swords are all made of carbon steel, but their quality greatly exceeds that of steel in the Warring States period, and the phenomenon of uneven carbon content is obviously reduced. This is the result of repeated heating forging.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the steelmaking process in Bai Gang was mature. At that time, the process of "refining" was divided into "thirty refining", "fifty refining" and "hundred refining", which has been confirmed from the cultural relics unearthed after liberation:

1974 A Shougang knife with a ring was unearthed from Cangshan Han Tomb in Linyi, Shandong Province. The blade is engraved with the words "Build a country and raise a broadsword at noon in May of the sixth year of Yongchun, and build a good sheep (auspicious) for future generations". It can be known that it is made by the "thirty smelting" process. Experts from Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel have tested this knife and confirmed that its carbon content is 0.6% ~ 0.7%.

1978, a steel sword was unearthed from the Han Tomb in Tuolongshan, Tongshan County, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, with a length of 109cm, a body length of 88.5cm, a width of1.13.1cm and a ridge thickness of 0.3 ~ 0.8 cm. There is a gold inscription on the front of the handle: ". Inscription shows that this sword is made by the process of "fifty refining".

196 1 year, a large steel knife made in Zhong Ping period of the Eastern Han Dynasty was unearthed in the ancient tomb of Dongdasi Mountain, Quercus forest, Nara Prefecture, Japan, and it was engraved with the words: "Zhong Ping may afternoon △, making a branch knife, steel essence, stars on it, ominous on it." You can know that this knife is made through the process of "tempering".

Bailian technology was widely used in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao ordered craftsmen to cast five treasure knives for him. After three years of work, the craftsmen left two, three of which were given to the third son.

The five knives took three years to complete, which shows the complexity of the process. After Cao Cao's death, his son Cao Pi also ordered a national smelter to choose the best metal to make weapons for him in AD 2 19. As a result, three swords, three treasure knives, two daggers and a strange knife were refined. These weapons are all refined through 100 processes. To this end, Cao Pi named these five weapons respectively.

At the same time, Shu Han and Sun Wu are also training high skills. Liu Bei asked Puyi to make 500 treasure knives with the inscription "Seventy-two Tests", which means that 500 treasure knives have been forged repeatedly for nearly a hundred times.

The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the heyday of steelmaking, and it was gradually replaced by other steelmaking methods. In some ethnic areas, most steel knives have been tempered for hundreds or dozens of times since the Song Dynasty. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the famous scholar Zeng Minxing said in the magazine Duxing:

"When I lived in Hunan, I often saw Yao people go to the temple to worship God. Each of them Yao people has a sword. These swords are made of yellow steel and can only be made by savage tribes. Yao people have a strange custom. Whenever someone gives birth to a son, all relatives and friends who come to see the child will take a piece of iron and throw it into this wooden basin full of water. When the child grows up, at his wedding banquet, these friends who appreciate iron will be invited to refine the iron in the wooden basin for a hundred times to make it the best quality steel. The sword made of this steel has no impurities. In this way, the child who gets the iron first will have a very sharp sword when he grows up. With a wave of this sword, you can cut the tree in the middle. Someone once visited the old blacksmith there, and they said that the steel used to make this sword is' Yaogang', that is, steel to be refined to a certain extent. "

The most detailed record of hundred steelmaking in ancient literature is Shen Kuo's Meng Qianbi Tan, which says: "Only by sending envoys to Cizhou forge to enjoy ironmaking can we know its steel. Where iron has steel, if there are ribs on the surface, gluten will be seen on the softened surface, and so will steelmaking. However, when refined iron is used to forge more than 100 fires, and each forging is weighed lightly, fine steel is pure, though not light. This is the essence of iron, and its color is clear, dull and black, which is different from ordinary iron. "

China's ancient iron and steel smelting technology is far ahead in the world. According to relevant unearthed cultural relics, China's ironmaking and steelmaking was earlier than Europe's 1000 years ago.

Early ironmaking was to put iron ore and charcoal into a smelting furnace layer by layer, and reduce iron oxide in iron ore to iron by using carbon monoxide produced by incomplete combustion of charcoal at 650- 1000℃. Because of the low temperature in the smelting furnace, iron with melting point of 1535℃ cannot be melted, so liquid iron is obtained. After ironmaking was successful, people cooled the furnace and took out the iron blocks. This method of ironmaking is called block ironmaking. The iron filings obtained by this method are loose and mixed with many oxides and minerals. In practice, it is found that if this iron is heated to a certain temperature and forged repeatedly, mixed oxides can be extruded and the mechanical properties of iron can be improved.

On the basis of forging iron blocks repeatedly, the ancients also gained the experience of carburizing iron blocks into steel, which is the earliest steel. In order to change the performance of block ironmaking, charcoal was used as fuel to heat and beat the block ironmaking, so that a small amount of carbon penetrated into the iron surface. In the Western Han Dynasty, in order to improve the quality of ironmaking carburized steel, people increased the forging times from ten times, thirty times and fifty times to nearly a hundred times, thus obtaining the so-called "hundred steelmaking". From this, the idiom "a hundred tempering makes steel" came into being, which is used to mean that after a long period of exercise, he became very strong and became an excellent figure.

I am more refined into steel than you: iron ore has been refined into pure steel many times. This is a metaphor. Only after a long and arduous exercise and test can we become powerful and useful people.

Strive for strength: make up your mind and strive for progress.

Perseverance: stick to the end and never slacken off.

Face up to difficulties: dare to accept challenges and overcome difficulties when encountering difficulties.

Brainstorming: refers to concentrating the wisdom of the masses and extensively absorbing useful opinions.

Qi Xin works together: Everyone gives advice and everyone tries his best. Describe the wisdom and strength of all people.

Innovation: refers to innovation. More refers to regime change or major changes.

Be original: put forward new ideas and show that you are different.

Originality: The original meaning refers to the originality of poetic conception. After that, it means to come up with a different way.

By analogy, I know many other things. Metaphor is good at learning and can learn from this.

Seeking truth from facts: it refers to exploring the internal relations of things and the regularity of their development from the actual object and understanding the essence of things. Speak, do and learn according to the actual situation of things.

Express your opinions: everyone fully expresses their opinions.

Don't be shy about asking questions: I'm not shy about asking questions from people with lower status and less knowledge than me.

Draw inferences from others: master the knowledge or laws of one thing, and then infer the knowledge or laws of similar things.

Excellent: Things are already excellent, but we still need to pursue more perfection.

Make the past serve the present: carry forward the essence of ancient times and the incisiveness of this era, and use it today. As it happens, I'm in the sixth grade, too.

A hundred tempering makes steel: a metaphor for becoming very strong after long-term exercise.

Angry and self-improvement: angry and determined to work hard; Figure, ask. Determined to strive for prosperity.

Perseverance: slack off, slack off. Stick to the end and never relax.

Face difficulties: face: face. It refers to not being afraid of difficulties and bravely fighting them.

Brainstorming: assembly: concentration; Thinking, thinking and opinions; Expand, expand. It refers to brainstorming and widely absorbing useful opinions.

Teamwork: group, everyone, collective; Plan, plan it means to play a collective role, and let's try to contribute together.

Innovation: reform, change and abolition; Therefore, old; Ding, established. Get rid of the old and save the new.

Be unconventional: mark, put forward and specify; Different, different, special point out a novel idea and show that it is different.

Originality: The original meaning refers to the originality of poetic conception. After that, it means to come up with a different way.

Draw inferences: In turn, and so on. Metaphor is to know many other things by analogy from one thing.

Seeking truth from facts: it refers to exploring the internal relations of things and the regularity of their development from the actual object and understanding the essence of things. Usually refers to doing things according to the actual situation.

Each has his own opinion: express, express and publish. Everyone fully expresses their opinions.

Don't be ashamed to ask questions: you are willing to learn from people with lower knowledge or status than yourself, and don't feel embarrassed.

Draw inferences from others: draw inferences from others and connect with something in one aspect; Bypass and connect with each other. Grasp the knowledge or law of something, and then infer the knowledge or law of similar things.

Excellence: refined, complete and good; Benefit more. Okay, much better.

Make the past serve the present: critically inherit cultural heritage and make it serve today's society. I happen to be in the sixth grade.