Gobi, Mongolian free translation "The land is difficult to grow vegetation" The vast Gobi in Alashan region is a part of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. During the geological period of1.300 million years ago, intense crustal movement occurred here, and the terrain here rose to form a plateau. Because the rising speed is relatively slow, and living in the deep inland, far away from the ocean, blocked by mountains, the climate is dry, there are few rivers, the erosion is weak, and the surface cutting is slight, and the vast and flat plateau has been maintained. The soil is mostly saline-alkali and lime, and the organic matter content is low, mostly in desert and semi-desert terrain. To the west of Helan Mountain, on both sides of Hetao Plain and Hexi Corridor, rivers flow, forming a large alluvial fan dominated by gravel. The lower soil is sticky, the groundwater level is low, the saline-alkali harm is serious, the plants are scarce and the vegetation is scattered.
Alashan Plateau is located in the west of Helan Mountain, and the summer monsoon is difficult to reach. This is a dry non-monsoon area. In addition, there is a tall Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a barrier in the south, which blocks the entry of humid temperature in the Indian Ocean. The dry and hot air in Alashan Plateau and its surrounding highlands flows southward, resulting in water shortage, strong sunshine, sudden change of hot and cold weather and dryness above 4.0. The vegetation on the surface is very sparse, and most of the ground is exposed. In addition, it is located in the high-altitude westerly circulation area, with windy weather in winter and spring, and wind erosion accumulation is very strong. The strong northwest wind often takes the elite soldiers on the plateau, leaving only a thin layer of coarse gravel on the ancient bedrock, forming the vast Gobi in the northwest of Alashan.
The surface of Alashan Gobi can be divided into three parts according to its composition. Divided into rocky desert and gravel desert. Rocky desert refers to the foothills where the surface rocks are exposed or only covered by a thin layer of rock fragments, and the surrounding and internal piedmont areas are small. For example, in the piedmont areas of Mazong Mountain, Laishan Mountain in Ya Bu, Helan Mountain, Hanwula Mountain and Bayanwula Mountain, the surface of gravel desert is covered with gravel with different sizes. The periphery of the rocky desert is vast, and the strong wind blows away fine particles, leaving behind rough gravel. Most of the gravel has become a windbreak, covered with a hard and smooth dark brown desert varnish. Gobi desert, which consists of rocky desert and gravel desert, has a vast area, as long as it is widely distributed.