Yongding Tulou is located in Yongding County, Longyan City, Fujian Province on the southeast coast of China. Yongding, a pure Hakka county, has the largest number of earth buildings in Fujian, with more than 23,000. It is a unique and magical mountain residential building in the world, and a wonderful work of ancient architecture in China. In July 2008, it was successfully listed in the World Heritage List. It has a long history, unique style, grand scale and exquisite structure.
Earth buildings are divided into square, round, pentagonal, octagonal, sawtooth, sawtooth, diaojiao building and other internal types. Yongding County has 360 famous circular buildings and more than 65,438 square buildings. Among them, the most famous tulou are-Fujian Tulou King-Chengqi Building, Tulou Prince-Sincere Building, Tulou Princess-Zhen Fu Building. Among them, Chengqi Building is the largest building in Fujian, which entered the Guinness World Record for the largest earth building on 20 10.
The formation of Fujian Tulou is related to several famous Han immigrants from the Central Plains in history. During the Yongjia period of the Western Jin Dynasty, that is, in the 4th century, there were frequent wars and natural disasters in the north, and the local people moved southward on a large scale, which opened the prelude to the continuous migration of Han people from the Central Plains to Fujian for thousands of years. The immigrants from the Central Plains who entered southern Fujian merged with local residents, forming the Fulao nationality with Minnan dialect as its characteristic. The Han nationality in the Central Plains who migrated from Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province to the mountainous areas in western Fujian Province constitutes another important ethnic group in Fujian-the Hakka ethnic group characterized by Hakka dialect.
Fujian Tulou is located in Nanshan District, southwest Fujian, which is the meeting place of Fulao and Hakka. The terrain is steep and sparsely populated. At that time, wild animals appeared and bandits were everywhere. Living in groups is not only the requirement of the deep-rooted Confucian traditional concept in the Central Plains, but also the realistic need to gather strength and resist foreign enemies. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain, with reasonable layout, which absorbs the "Feng Shui" concept of traditional architectural planning in China.
To meet the requirements of social living and defense, it skillfully uses the narrow flat land in mountainous areas and local building materials such as raw soil, wood and pebbles. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type with great aesthetic feeling. These unique residential buildings in mountainous areas have pushed the long-standing rammed earth technology to the extreme. Hakka is an important ethnic group in the Han nationality, and its ancestors came from the Central Plains. Because of the war and disaster, the Hakkas have moved south on a large scale five times. Some of them moved to Fujian and formed Hakka clans.
In the long-term development process of Yongding Hakka earth building, the architectural art and style of each period have accumulated unique patterns and connotations. There are more than 20,000 earth buildings in Yongding, which is more than 2,200 square kilometers, including nearly 5,000 large buildings with more than three floors and more than 360 circular buildings. These tall and majestic earth buildings in Fiona Fang, with various facades, different shapes and natural villages as units, are patchwork and harmonious with the blue sky, green hills and green waters, forming a magnificent and extraordinary earth building group and a strange landscape that makes people lose their souls and seize their souls.