1. Some little knowledge about stamps
The world’s first stamp was the “Penny Black” (no perforations, face value 1) printed in Britain on May 1, 1840 Penny, the stamp is painted black), issued on May 6.
The stamp has: 1. National inscription, 2. Face value, 3. Perforation, 4. Adhesive, 5. Special stamp paper, 6. Anti-counterfeiting measures (secret stamps, micro-characters, special-shaped perforations, inkjet coding, etc.).
Stamps are square, rectangular, diamond-shaped, round, and special-shaped. The printing materials are also available in wood, plastic, and silk. , metal, etc.
Stamps: 1. Classified according to the purpose and use of issuance, including general stamps, commemorative stamps, special stamps, military stamps, donation stamps, etc.
2. According to stamps The formats are classified into souvenir sheets, souvenir sheets, small booklets, non-perforated stamps, coiled stamps, Braille stamps, postage machine coupons, electronic stamps, etc.
Classified by issuance form and by issuing institution ……
2. What are the little things to know about stamps?
Stamp pattern: refers to the face of the stamp, which generally consists of the pattern, country name, face value, explanatory text and trimmings related to the purpose of stamp issuance. etc. composition.
Early stamp designs from various countries around the world were relatively simple. With the development of society, countries around the world today use their country's most representative content in politics, economy, national defense, science and technology, culture and art, history and geography, natural scenery and precious animals and plants as stamp patterns.
More than 300,000 kinds of stamps have been issued around the world, with all-inclusive designs. Stamp collectors can gain a wealth of encyclopedic knowledge by collecting and studying stamp patterns.
Therefore, stamp patterns are the main object of research by stamp collectors. The country name on the stamp: refers to the name of the country or region printed on the stamp surface.
Country names are generally expressed in words and abbreviated letters. Such as: Japan Post, China People's Post.
The United States uses the abbreviation USA and the Soviet Union uses the abbreviation CCCP to represent the country's name. There are also some countries that use special symbols to represent them. For example, early British postage stamps used the portrait of the King of England as a symbol.
Britain's current commemorative stamps feature the Queen's portrait instead of the country's name. By identifying the country name on the stamp, you can learn about the country's geography, history, language and other aspects.
The plate name of the stamp: The stamp number, plate number, sheet number, color code, designer and printer name, etc. are printed on the edge of the entire stamp paper, collectively referred to as the plate name. Inscriptions are important information for studying stamps. Therefore, many stamp collectors like to collect stamps with inscriptions.
For example: The J63 "Stamp Exhibition of the People's Republic of China. Japan" issued by our country on April 29, 1981, has chicken, goldfish, kite, Temple of Heaven, etc. printed on the edge of the entire paper. Various patterns such as butterflies are printed with the stamp name, designer, printer name, edition number, sheet number, color code, etc. These inscriptions are regarded by philatelists as important philatelic information.
Some stamp scientists say that this is a gift from the printing house to stamp collectors, and it is an important basis for studying stamp layout and stamp printing. Watermark on stamps: Stamps are proof of prepaid postage.
In order to prevent forgery, during the papermaking process, a special method is used to press a mark into the paper, called a watermark. Watermark is a colorless mark, mostly simple patterns.
On a whole stamp, there is only one watermark pattern called the full sheet watermark. Watermark patterns that appear repeatedly in the entire stamp are called compound watermarks. There are various watermark patterns, such as crowns, suns, moons, Tai Chi diagrams, etc.
The Penny Black stamp issued by the United Kingdom on May 6, 1840 has a watermark with a crown as the pattern. The Xiaolong stamps issued by my country's Qing Post in 1885 and the Cricket Dragon stamps issued in 1898 were watermarks with the Tai Chi diagram as the pattern.
The watermark on the stamp is easy to identify by looking carefully at the back of the stamp under sunlight or light. For less obvious watermarks, you can spray a little gasoline on the back of the stamp and the watermark will appear immediately.
Gasoline evaporates quickly and does no damage to stamps and adhesives. Experienced philatelists generally use this method to identify watermarks on stamps. Watermarks are an important basis for studying and identifying the authenticity, edition, and year of issuance of stamps.
The stamp number: After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the commemorative stamps and special stamps issued by the People's Postal Service of China have the stamp issuance serial number and year printed on the bottom of the stamp, called the stamp number. For example, the stamps "Commemorating the Fifteenth Anniversary of the Anti-Japanese War" issued on July 7, 1952, have "Annual 16.4-1" and "Annual 16" printed on the left side of the bottom of the stamp, indicating that this set of stamps is the 16th set of commemorative stamps; "4 -1" means there are 4 stamps in this set, and this is the first one.
"(78) 1952" is printed on the right side of the bottom of the stamp. (78) indicates the total number of each stamp in the commemorative stamps. "1952" is the printing year of this set of stamps. For the first time, my country used the prefix "Ji" to issue stamps, starting from the 1st "Celebrating the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" on October 8, 1949, to the 124th "To 32111" on March 10, 1967. Hero Drilling Team Learning" stamp only.
During this period, 124 sets of commemorative stamps with the prefix "Ji" were issued. The expression method of special stamps is the same as that of commemorative stamps, except that the word "ji" is changed to the word "te".
Stamps issued from April 1967 to January 1970 did not have this mark. For stamps issued from August 1970 to October 1973, a new serial number was printed on the left side of the bottom of the stamp, and the printing generation was printed on the right side of the stamp.
For example, the "(1)" on the bottom left of the stamp "Modern Peking Opera (Taking Tiger Mountain by Wisdom)" is a consecutive number, and "1970" is the year of printing. Since 1974, stamp numbers have used "J" to indicate commemorative stamps and "T" to indicate special stamps.
For example, the "Centenary Anniversary of the Establishment of the Universal Postal Union" stamp was issued on May 15, 1974. "J1(3-1)" is printed on the left side of the bottom. "J" represents the commemorative stamp and "1" is the first set.
(3-1) means there are 3 stamps in this set, and this is the first one. "1974" is printed on the right side of the bottom of the stamp to indicate the year of printing.
The stamp number is a unique symbol on the stamps of New China. This kind of marking is very convenient for collecting stamps. You can know the year of printing, the number of pieces in the set, and the total number of each stamp without looking at the stamp catalog.
Stamp condition: Stamp collectors are very particular about the condition of their stamps. The so-called stamp appearance refers to the appearance of the stamp.
To measure the quality of a stamp, there are the following points: New stamp: The face of the stamp is complete, no damage, no creases, the pattern is correct, the color is bright, and it does not fade or change color; the perforations are complete and there are no missing corners; The adhesive backing is intact. Old stamps: The face of the stamp is intact, not peeled off, the postmark is clear, and the postmark is pinned on a corner of the stamp (about 1/4 of the face of the stamp). Such stamps are top grade; light printing of the stamp does not damage the appearance of the stamp, which is medium grade; heavy oil on the postmark affects the pattern. Beautiful appearance is of the highest quality; if you are studying postmarks, it is better to use full stamps. You must be able to see the place name, year, month, day and time on the postmarks.
This is mainly determined by the purpose of the collection. When collecting stamps, pay attention to the condition of the stamps and do not grab the stamps with your hands.
It is easy to break corners and break teeth when grasping stamps by hand. Sweat on your hands and contact with stamps will cause the surface to lose its original luster.
Use tweezers. The tips of philatelic tweezers should be flat, smooth, without embroidery, and have moderate elasticity.
The quality of stamps is relative. Ordinary stamps are easy to get, so you can choose them.
For those with the same pattern, you can compare the quality of the items, try to eliminate the ones with inferior quality, and collect the good ones. If a stamp is extremely rare, collecting one is already very valuable, and there is no need to be demanding about the condition.
If you don’t take the person who is not of good quality, then it will be difficult to get what you want.
3. Knowledge about stamps
Stamps are postage certificates issued by postal authorities for affixing postage to mails. Stamps are a form of payment for postal services by the sender. The sender will affix the stamp to the letter, and then the post office will stamp it and devalue it to prove that the sender has paid all or part of the delivery fee before the mail is sent. For convenience, stamps are usually surrounded by teeth. hole, with a layer of adhesive on the back. The issuance of stamps is managed by the state, which is usually a symbol of the country's political power, and is even an important source of financial resources for some countries, such as Liechtenstein. The earliest stamp in the world is the Penny Black, and China is the earliest The stamp is the Dalong stamp. There are many kinds of stamps. Just because since the date of its birth, stamps have been given more and more uses, they can be classified and summarized as: Ordinary stamps: Ordinary stamps are both the oldest and the most common stamps. Type. Purchasing ordinary stamps is a way to pay postage. Ordinary stamps have full face values, large circulation, small size, and relatively fixed patterns. They are often printed multiple times and have many kinds. Commemorative stamps: Commemorative stamps are for a certain event. A stamp specially issued for an occasion or occasion. Peru issued the world's first commemorative stamp in 1871 on the occasion of the opening of its first road between Lima and Callao, and countries around the world followed suit. Many countries will issue commemorative stamps As a form of self-advertising. Especially for some small countries, commemorative stamps have become one of their own financial sources (but sometimes they may also have propaganda purposes. For example, Germany's first commemorative stamp appeared during the Nazi era.) Commemorative stamps They are mainly aimed at collectors, because they are basically not used on envelopes. Therefore, compared to long-term stamps, letters with commemorative stamps are rare. Commemorative stamps are usually larger in size, with exquisite design and printing, rich patterns, and reprinting is not allowed. , with a specific sale period. Special stamps: stamps issued to promote specific things. Basically, any stamps that are not ordinary stamps or commemorative stamps fall into this category. The scope is wider than commemorative stamps. Welfare stamps: also known as donation stamps , is a stamp issued for welfare, health, disaster relief, charity and other causes. Its face value is divided into two parts, one is the stamp itself, and the other is the amount of the donation. The world's earliest donation stamp was issued by New South Wales, Australia in 1897 The price of 1 penny stamps is 12 times higher than the face value of the stamps, and the excess amount is used for donation. Official stamps: Official stamps are stamps used by *** agencies to pay for official mail. Therefore, they are not used in general post offices. You will see that there are official stamps for sale, and they cannot be used for ordinary mail. So there is actually no incident of abuse or theft of official stamps. The first official stamp was issued by British India in 1866. China's first This official stamp is a perforated stamp issued by China Post in Xinjiang "for official documents". Germany had to wait until 1920 to have its own official stamp, but it was abolished after the end of World War II. East Germany used it from 1954 to 1960. Official stamps. Austria only had official stamps during the German occupation from 1938 to 1945. Switzerland used official stamps from 1918 to 1944. Liechtenstein issued official stamps in 1932. In 1983, the United States issued official stamps. The stamp is marked with the words "U.S. Official Stamp" and "Private use will be subject to a fine of $300." Therefore, it is also called a penalty mail stamp. Air Stamp: Air Stamp is suitable for air transport mail, so it is also called "Air Stamp". But they can only be used for airmail, and airmail stamps cannot be used for ordinary mail. Since the mid-20th century, airmail has become one of the most important methods of postal transportation. Most countries in the world will issue their own airmail stamps. Coin design Usually balloons, pigeons or airplanes, etc. Germany and Switzerland introduced the first air stamps in 1912. Austria issued its first air stamps on March 30, 1918 during World War I. Most European countries Air stamps were later abolished. Ordinary stamps can now be used for air mail. Postage stamps: In many countries, there are postage stamps, which are used to calculate mailing arrears. Staff will affix postage to letters with insufficient postage before they are sent out. stamps and will be cleared upon delivery of the mail
.Postage due stamps cannot be used as proof of postage prepayment and are not sold by the post office. The world's earliest stamps appeared in France in 1859. Austria issued the first postage due stamp in 1894. It was not abolished until the introduction of the euro in 2002. Germany has never had due stamps. Only Baden and Bavaria, which enjoyed postal authority at the time, issued due stamps from 1862 to 1870. Switzerland issued due stamps from 1878 to 1938. Before Liechtenstein separated its postal service from Austria in 1920 Austrian due stamps have always been used. After that, it first issued Austrian currency due stamps, and then converted them to Swiss currency in 1940. China’s earliest due stamps were issued on April 1, 1904, and they stopped using the old currency in 1956. Not issued. Electronic stamps: Stamps of different denominations printed by vending machines based on the size of the postage, also known as automated stamps. These stamps have no perforations and no adhesive, and some have two semicircular recesses on each side of the upper and lower sides. Slot. In 1981, Germany issued its first set of electronic stamps. The face value can be selected according to needs (1 pfennig to 999 pfennig).
4. What are some little facts about Chinese stamps
1. In May 1877, Hurd approved De Cuilin’s suggestion and began preparations to print stamps for use by the Qing Customs and Post Office. .
2. The stamps of the Qing Dynasty can be roughly divided into two periods. From 1878 to 1896, it was the customs and postal period. The stamps were issued by the General Taxation Department of the Customs; 3 sets of stamps were issued by ***; The year 1911 was the postal period of the Qing Dynasty. 3. It has been more than a hundred years since the first set of stamps was issued in our country. It can be roughly divided into four periods, namely stamps of the Qing Dynasty, stamps of the Republic of China, stamps of the Liberated Areas, and stamps of New China.
4. Most of the stamps issued by various countries in the early days were based on the portraits of emperors and monarchs, which were commonly known as "human heads". my country's early stamps have always used the dragon pattern, which is commonly known as "dragon head".
5. The pattern of the "Big Dragon" stamp is a dragon, lined with clouds and waves, which is called the dragon playing with a pearl. Among the three stamps in the set, the face value of 1 cent silver is green, and the face value of 3 cent silver is green. It is dark red, and 5-cent silver is orange. 6. The earliest actual envelope with the "Big Dragon" stamp found so far is postmarked on October 5, 1878.
7. During the Customs and Postal Period of the Qing Dynasty, stamps were issued by the General Taxation Department of Customs. From 1878 to 1896, which lasted 19 years, the stamps "Dalong", "Little Dragon" and "Wanshou" were issued by the General Administration of Customs. "Waiting for three sets of stamps.
5. What should you know about stamps as a collector?
The definition is issued by the national postal department or a postal agency licensed by ***, which means that the postage has been prepaid. and an independent valuable document upon which postal services are provided.
The essence includes the following points: first, it is issued by the national (regional) postal department; second, it is a securities that serves as a symbol of mail payment. Elements There are three elements: national (region) inscription, face value and theme pattern.
Name refers to the text printed on the ticket indicating the purpose of issuance. For example, the name of my country's 1st ticket is "Celebrating the First Plenary Session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference." The name is usually determined by the postal administration.
There are two situations that need to be explained: First, the names of some stamps are not printed on the stamp surface, such as the "Qingtian Stone Sculpture" issued by my country in 1992. Second, some early issuance departments did not determine the title of the stamps when issuing them.
In the latter case, stamp catalog publishers always name stamps based on pictures and texts, in order to facilitate the collection and research of philately. Imprint refers to the name of the postal country (region) or issuing institution printed on the face of the ticket, or their logo.
Country names are generally expressed in words and abbreviated letters. For example, stamps issued by my country before 1992 were printed with the words "People's Post of China" and "People's Post of China", and stamps issued from 1992 onwards were printed with the words "(China)" and "China Post" in English, with the country name and postal mark printed separately. .
The abbreviation "USA" is used on U.S. stamps, and the abbreviation "CCCP" is used on stamps of the former Soviet Union to represent the name of the country. Stamps are postage certificates issued by a country (region) and must be printed with the name of the country (such as China) or the name of the region (such as Hong Kong).
The Universal Postal Union has clear requirements for this, with the exception of the United Kingdom. British stamps are represented by the portrait of the British King. By identifying the inscriptions on stamps, you can learn which country (region) or issuing agency issued them, and then explore knowledge about the country's geography, history, currency, language, etc.
Which early days are worth collecting? At the Jiade Spring Auction in 2004, a complete set of Dalong tissue paper with 25 pieces each of 1 cent silver and 5 cent silver was sold for 473,000 yuan. Early stamps should be collected from the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China: "Red Stamp Stamping" was the most popular. The prices of old stamps issued during the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China have been rising. The cheapest and ordinary Panlong stamps (the market price at that time were just a few cents) are also going for sale. to about 10 yuan.
The most noteworthy ones are "red stamp stamping" and "big dragon ticket and small dragon ticket". Red Stamped "Red Stamped" stamps have been the most popular in early ticket sales because they have repeatedly set new highs at auctions. The current price has also been rising. The cheapest type of ticket used to cost tens of yuan, but now it has risen. To several hundred yuan, it has doubled nearly ten times.
"Red stamp stamp" is a bill used by the customs. At that time, the country had just started to open the postal service. Because there was no time to make it, the stamps from the customs were used to change the value. The original ticket price ranges from 1 cent to 5 yuan, and the number of issued tickets is large, reaching hundreds of thousands.
"Red stamp stamping" is divided into large-character stamping and small-character stamping. Small-character stamping is relatively rare. The current price of a "red stamp stamp" with large characters worth 1 yuan is less than 10,000 yuan, while the "red stamp stamp" with small characters worth 1 yuan costs more than 2 million yuan.
According to information, there is currently only one small print in red stamp for 1 yuan. Another orphan item with a postmark has been donated to the country.
"Red stamp stamping" is popular among stamp collectors, mainly because its craftsmanship is difficult to imitate. At that time, letterpress printing technology was used, but current technology can only imitate offset printing, so counterfeit products are usually easily "clearly visible" to connoisseurs.
In addition, original tickets with red stamps are very rare, so even if they are not stamped with red stamps, they are still expensive, and there is no need for counterfeiters to stamp the original tickets. Big Dragon Ticket and Small Dragon Ticket. The Big Dragon Ticket is also called the Customs Big Dragon Ticket. There are three main versions: the wide-bordered Yellow Dragon Ticket, the thin paper Dragon Ticket, and the thick paper Dragon Ticket. Among them, the wide-bordered Yellow Dragon Ticket is the most precious, and the Thin Paper Dragon Ticket is the most precious. It is best to collect them in complete sets, the price can reach several thousand yuan.
However, the difficulty in collecting Dalong tickets is that the craftsmanship is simple and rough, and it is easy to imitate. The number of Xiaolong tickets issued is too large, so it is not worth collecting.
The Big Dragon stamps were China’s first set of stamps issued in 1878. The fine items among the Small Dragon stamps can cost over a thousand yuan. However, experts remind collectors not to wash the Xiaolong tickets. The Xiaolong tickets are printed on pink paper and the washed patterns will fade.
6. Little knowledge about stamps, including name, face value and number of perforations in 100 words
1. Patterns are very important. Today, all countries have political, economic, national defense, science and technology, The most representative contents in culture and art, history, geography, natural scenery and precious animals and plants are used as stamp patterns.
Stamp collectors can gain rich encyclopedic knowledge by collecting and studying stamp patterns. 2. Stamp condition: To measure the condition of a stamp, the following points should be considered: New stamp: The surface of the stamp is complete, no damage, no creases, the pattern is correct, the color is bright, and it does not fade or change color; the perforations are complete, and there are no missing corners; the back The glue is intact.
Old stamps: The face of the stamp is intact, not peeled off, the postmark is clear, and the postmark is pinned on the corner of the stamp. This kind of stamp is a top grade; a light stamp that does not damage the appearance of the stamp is a medium grade; a postmark that is heavily oiled and affects the appearance of the pattern is a low grade. There are many special stamps, but stamps carved with Hetian jade are really rare. They combine sports culture and easy-to-preserve materials, so they definitely have great potential.