He is a traitor in the Tang Dynasty and a turning point in the fate of the Tang Dynasty-whether he is familiar with history or not, "An Shi Rebellion" is not a strange word. So, is the Grange Tomb really An Lushan's tomb? The scale of the grange is bigger than the underground palace and the underground palace. After I arrived at the grange, I first found Laotian, the grange keeper hired by the local cultural relics department. Under his guidance, you can enter the cemetery. Outside the tomb area, there is a big mound. Laotian said that this is the soil taken out during the excavation of the grange tomb. Now a protective shed has been built in the tomb area, and a blue sign stands outside the shed: "The national law is not afraid of crossing the nest." This humorous and tough language was the "masterpiece" of Zhang, the captain of the archaeological team of the Grange Tomb at that time. Standing outside the tomb area, you can clearly see the geomantic considerations of Tianzhuang Tomb-Huangshan Mountain, Taihang Mountain in the north, Tieshan Mountain and Mushan Mountain in the back, Longshan Mountain in the south, Dasha River winding from northwest to southeast-the tomb area is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the terrain is open. Laotian vividly pointed out that the three mountains behind this tomb are "like a plush chair." Walking into the protective shed, the momentum of the tomb is shocking-the huge main tomb and ten ear rooms are all made of blue bricks and are round domes. Liang Yong, a famous scholar in Hebei Province, once described his impression of this mausoleum as follows: "It is amazing to surpass the Cixi underground palace of the Qing Dongling and the Guangxu underground palace of the Qing Xiling."
When Liang Yong learned that I was going to Quyang, he hoped that I could find the answers to some questions. So, I have a piece of paper full of questions in my pocket-who created such a strange structure? Who is the broken bone in the coffin? Why hasn't such a huge project been completed? There are three pairs of human bones in the grave. I learned from Mr. Tian that the excavation of this tomb is somewhat different from other tombs. Due to the serious damage to the main tomb, archaeologists started with the exposed part-compared with the past, they usually started with the tomb. In other words, the tomb was excavated from beginning to end. After the main tomb was cleared, the diameter was 7.6 meters. The top of the main tomb is a huge gap, and some blue bricks are said to have been taken away by local people for building purposes a long time ago. Through the gap, the coffin bed is clearly visible. The coffin bed is made of stone and has been broken. Thick white marble stones are placed in mossy tombs, giving people a sense of historical vicissitudes. From the shape, the main tomb is the back room. The tunnel connects it with the front hall. There is also a large white marble door frame at the northern end of the tunnel with an arched lintel on its forehead.
Those white marble fragments are sarcophagus, sarcophagus beds and other components. The sarcophagus bed is lotus petal-shaped, and the plane is trapezoidal. There are white marble strips on the top of the upper and lower beams, which are carved with flowers and painted with red and green colors. At the four corners between the top and bottom, there is a lux lift. The girdle of the coffin bed is beautifully carved and has different expressions. A wooden coffin is built in the top of the coffin bed, and a sarcophagus is placed outside the coffin bed. The sarcophagus is shaped like a coffin, with a curved top, gold-plated foam nails and arch plugs on the front and back sides. The front of the coffin is stuffed with embossed suzaku, and the back is stuffed with embossed basalt. The door is on the south wall of the tomb, with gold-plated door nails and head rings. There is an arc tread in front of the coffin bed, that is, a "bridge". There are arc railings on both sides of the pedal. There are two people in the middle of the tread. The last one bends his limbs on his back, the next one crawls forward, his left arm touches the ground, and his right arm stretches forward to hook the last one's left foot, which is vivid and meaningful.
According to the investigation, the coffin bed is 4.03 meters long from north to south, with a width of 1.95 meters at the north end and 2.42 meters at the south end, and a height of 1. 1 meter, with a coffin on it. It is said that the white marble lotus square column foundation, white marble octagonal prism and white marble basin were also found in the main tomb. These three items are part of the stone lamp. However, when the author interviewed, these have been transferred to the cultural relics warehouse and have not been placed on the scene. Archaeologists dissected the foundation of the front and back chambers of the tomb, and found that the foundation was built on the fine sand layer, and then compacted layer by layer, and the foundation thickness was 0.6~0.8 meters. At the same time, the sealing soil at the outer edge was dissected, and it was found that before the sealing soil was compacted, the foundation groove with a depth of 0.7 meters was dug first, and then it was compacted upward from the bottom of the foundation groove. "It can be seen that the degree of care of tombs is scientific and elegant." Zhang said to him. Judging from the murals, the owner of the tomb died in an accident. The pyramid-shaped mound is located at the southernmost tip of the whole tomb, with a trapezoidal plane, narrow in the south and wide in the north, and an inclined bottom. The horizontal length from north to south is 29 meters and the width from east to west is 3.6 to 7 meters. Murals are located on the east and west walls of the tomb. Among them, six people can be identified on the east wall, and the number at the north end of the east wall is as high as 1.8 meters. Hao, an associate researcher of Hebei Provincial Museum, lived on the construction site for a period of time during the archaeological excavation of Tianzhuang Tomb. He said: "When the head part of the figure at the northernmost end of the East Wall was exposed, some people mistakenly thought it was a flower-and-bird painting-the exposed part looked like a branch with a fish in it. After cleaning it up, I know that the so-called branches are hoes, and' fish' is actually the eyes of the characters. "
"The characters in the murals are obviously not Han Chinese. From the perspective of figures, ornaments and details, similar to the tomb of Prince Zhang Huai (706), the painting belongs to the Tang Dynasty style. " Hao said, "This provides a reference for the dating of this tomb." Hao looked further, somewhat surprised. I have been engaged in cultural relics archaeology for 30 years and have copied or observed many ancient murals, but this is the first time I have seen such murals. He said: "There are many draft routes. This means that this group of murals was completed in a hurry. " In addition, the walls of the two walls of the pyramid-shaped mound are only partially painted, the painted length of the two walls is different, and the south edge of the painted wall is not neat. These doubts further strengthen Hao Wenjian's inference that the owner of the tomb was buried in a hurry and should have died unexpectedly. There is a wing wall extending from east to west at the northern end of the tomb, and a brick column is erected on the end face of the wall, which is symmetrical from east to west. "Here we see that the upper part is painted black and the lower part is painted red, which symbolizes an instrument door." Zhang quickly thought, "This may be the Aconitum Gate mentioned in the literature. If it is really Aconitum Gate, this is the first discovery of archaeological excavation. " Zhang said to him. "What does it mean to build such a large tomb that is rare in the country during this period?" Hao said, "History has framed this range. Perhaps only the Great Yan Emperor of An Shi Rebellion could do this. Maybe he started to build it quietly before he became emperor. " Secondly, there are so many lines on the murals-the tomb is so well repaired, and the architectural painting in the wing is so careful and meticulous. Only when everyone was buried, the murals on the tomb entrance were painted in such a hurry, indicating that the owner of the tomb may have ended up in a hurry because of accidental death. Return to the luxurious tomb of light. Com, who smashed it?