Cultivation methods and matters needing attention of camellia. Selection of pot soil and pot for camellia cultivation According to the growth characteristics of camellia, pot soil should be a slightly acidic, loose, fertile and well-drained mixed soil. Special attention should be paid to good drainage and calcareous soil should not be used. The proportion of mixed soil is: 6 parts of red soil, 3 parts of blue mud and 2 parts of fine sand1-. The size of the basin should be moderate, neither too big nor too small. Generally, the ratio of potted plants to seedlings is: a camellia with a plant height of 40-50 cm and a crown width of 20-25 cm should be planted in a purple sand basin or a clay basin with a diameter of about 20 cm. Other sizes and so on. 2. The potted time of camellia cultivation is winter 165438+ 10, and early spring is February-March. At this time, the buds are full and the flowers are in full bloom. It is best to put them in a basin. When the flowers wither and the new roots are still sprouting, if you want to put them in a pot, you should pay special attention not to hurt the roots. Potting usually stops around the germination stage, because at this time, the new buds are ready to go, the leaves are unfolded, and a lot of water is needed. If potted plants hurt new roots, it will easily affect the growth and development of that year. Avoid taking off flowerpots in high temperature and severe winter, so as not to cause plant atrophy and death. 3. Potting method of camellia cultivation: First, put 3-4 pieces of broken tiles on the bottom hole of the selected flowerpot, then fill some coarse soil, plant the seedlings in the pot, fill the roots with fine soil, then slowly fill the pot with larger soil, gently shake the pot and press it with your hands to make the pot soil close to the roots. The big pot can be lightly compacted with bamboo sticks, and be careful not to hurt the roots. Pot soil should account for 4/5 of the pot height for watering. 4. The watering method of camellia cultivation. The seedlings in the new pot should be watered for the first time until the bottom of the pot is permeable. The seedlings in the new pot are kept moist and can be watered like other pots after 2 months. The frequency of watering depends on the climate, and the principle is to keep the soil moist. Generally, more water can be used in spring to meet the needs of budding and taking bamboo shoots, and watering should be done sooner or later in summer; Water accumulation should be prevented in rainy season, watered in time in autumn drought and watered at noon in winter to prevent the basin soil from freezing and make the soil drier and colder. 5. Fertilization method of camellia cultivation Camellia doesn't like fertilizer very much, so it is unnecessary to apply too much fertilizer. Generally, fertilizer should be applied 2~4 times before flowering10 ~1to April ~ May after flowering. Mixed fertilizers are generally used. It is best to give priority to phosphate fertilizer, supplemented by nitrogen fertilizer, to prevent excessive growth of branches and reduction of flowers. All kinds of fertilizers must be fully decomposed before use, but rapeseed cake and fish meal can be directly taken out from the soil surface without rotting, covered with a thin layer of soil, so that it can slowly rot and penetrate into the soil and be absorbed by the roots. The amount of fertilizer should be more for strong seedlings and less or no for weak seedlings. For seedlings with weak growth, it is also effective to replace fertilization with pot soil. 6. Shading and cold-proof methods for camellia cultivation Camellia likes warm and humid climate, and overheating is not conducive to growth and development. In the spring rainy season, potted camellia should be given enough sunshine, otherwise the branches will grow thin and weak, which will easily cause bituminous coal disease and scale insects, or attach thousands of moss, leading to dead branches, aging or death. When the temperature is high in summer, shade and cool down in time. When the temperature drops below zero in winter, the buds will fall off or the stamens will be frozen, which will affect the flowering quality. Therefore, it is appropriate to keep the indoor overwintering temperature of potted seedlings at about 3-4. When the temperature exceeds 16, it will promote early germination, and in severe cases, it will cause defoliation and bud loss. 7. Control of pests and diseases in Camellia oleifera cultivation The main pests of Camellia oleifera are borers and scale insects. The main diseases are leaf anthracnose, black coal disease and moss parasitism on branches. It is necessary to remove the damaged br.
9. The propagation method of camellia cultivation can be carried out by sowing, cutting, layering and grafting. Cutting propagation of high branch layering. Cutting propagation: Cutting propagation is mostly carried out in May-June. It is advisable to choose the robust branches of that year as cuttings and cut them into 10~ 12cm long, leaving 2~3 leaves on the upper part and removing the lower leaves. Insert it into a vegetarian seedbed or flowerpot. River sand or loose mountain soil can be used as basin soil. After watering, water properly, keep the soil moist and cool, and take root in about 60~70 days. Propagation of high branch layering: high branch layering is mostly carried out in April-May. The method is to select the branches of the previous year and girdle them at the high-pressure part, with the girdling width of 0.5cm, and the girdling part is wrapped with a plastic film of moderate size, with the length of 10~ 15cm. Tie the lower mouth tightly first, put wet culture soil in it, always keep the soil moist, and then tie the upper mouth tightly; After taking root, it can be cut and planted separately.