The diaojiao building gives people the impression that there is a small wooden building standing by the river, which is not correct. Diaojiaolou is the western edge of Hunan, with civil buildings and its ancient legends!
Beautiful Xiangxi, Shan Qi water, the only person lingering, can not bear to go back. A diaojiao building with a special antique architectural style is a unique gift landscape. In Phoenix, Mr. Shen Congwen's hometown is a local city near the Tuojiang River, with houses standing on stilts and uneven heights. One end of the diaojiao building is supported by the river bank, and the other end is suspended above the water, supported by high-hanging columns standing in the water, which is full of strength and beauty.
The diaojiao building in Xiangxi is lively, close to water sources and valleys, and built on the edge of the dam. Dig a small brick, choose a good piece of wood to support a seat or decorate a few clumps of bamboo under the watchtower, which saves time and effort and is picturesque. The cornice of this floor is upturned, surrounded by corridors, "hanging" and diamonds with the number eight, and the squares are engraved with hydrangeas or pumpkin hanging columns. The wallboard paint is bright and shiny, with flower windows embedded, and the ventilation is sunny. Flower windows often have profound meanings, and the patterns such as "Double Phoenix Rising in the Sun" and "Magpie Love Plum" are simple and fair.
Beautiful diaojiao building, first of all, is moisture-proof, dry and ventilated, saving land and cheap. Third, a yard or a diaojiao building under construction will generally set aside some open spaces according to dams, and there will be pauses between rows for raising livestock. "People call the diaojiao building a' lamb' (sinking around Wen Ya's nest at night).
The old black-tiled wooden diaojiao building has a bright and warm main room. Fortunately, I knocked on the warm Xiangxi tea screen wine and put all the games away. This is a home far from home.
Xiangxi Diaojiao Building belongs to the category of ancient Ganlan architectural style. The so-called dry diaphragm building is a big building, and the living expenses of the next family are all covered with wood (Zhuang Yuguang's dry diaphragm building). This architectural form is mainly distributed in the south, especially in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the water, air and stratum humidity in rainy areas in mountainous areas. The basic cost of dry diaphragm architectural style is extremely favorable humidity and ventilation.
Tujia, Dong and other ethnic groups who have lived in the mountainous areas of western Hunan for generations cannot do without mountains and rivers without water. You see, when I visited the West Diaojiao Building last year, almost all the towers were on a unique architectural landscape. Although the building has only two or three floors, it is "hanging" on the water surface and hillside, just like a castle in the air, and the construction is not easy.
Although I have heard of the "feet" of the floor, I didn't know it until this time. In fact, there are few thick wooden stakes supporting the building. The house is built on stilts by the water, and two long front "feet" are extended and deeply inserted into the river, one by one, to build a side wall base and other banks supporting the river; On the mountainside, the top of the first two "feet" of the diaojiao building is firmly at a low level, which is based on the balance of the wall support on the other side. There are also some houses built on the flat ground, standing on stilts, and climbing up from the ground to support the construction by crossing the length bet. According to Hunan local history books, the diaojiao building with this structure was originally designed to prevent and avoid poisonous snakes and wild animals.
"To see the diaojiao building, you can go to Tuzhai Miao." This kind of classical, poetic and humanistic village residence, a general building courtyard, has beautiful scenery, or rides a ridge and sits on a beam, or hides in a valley, and some are hidden in the depths of white clouds. Because Xiangxi is a mountain with nine mountains, half water and half fields, it is a national minority in key areas. So most villages are small and scattered, and few big villages with hundreds of people are far away. There are usually a dozen or dozens of clans, and single-parent families are not uncommon. Traditionally, there is a group of pressures to choose a village. Besides seeing the mountains and rivers in the direction of Long Mai, we should also choose a living environment with good terrain, moderate hardness, plenty of springs, dense trees and sufficient light. They believe that only a carefully selected Mr. Feng Shui from the countryside and Mr. Feng Shui from the homestead will there be more and more families and wealth at his doorstep. As far as the emergence of modern ecology is concerned, the concept of "Feng Shui" also contains rich scientific truth and academic value.
Tujia and Miao people in Xiangxi have lived together for a long time. So many cultural beliefs and customs are similar. They live in a diaojiao building with almost pure wood structure in terms of planning and design, but there are also a few bricks and wood. Its most important feature is to build the earth, mountains, water and land. Villages generally sit south facing north, or sit north facing south to avoid things and create feng shui. The traditional diaojiao building is generally three or four rows of well-off five people and six people, and the rich ten rows of seven or nine floors. No matter how many rows or buildings are divided into study, bedroom, kitchen, embroidered building, miscellaneous house and toilet according to different uses, they enter the main room. Houses are usually occupied by two or three people, goods are stored upstairs, mills are placed downstairs, firewood is piled up, and livestock are kept in captivity. At sunrise, most of the diaojiao buildings have been stretched out in the corridor, just like the multi-functional three-dimensional space for drying, chatting, commercial tea, reading, playing chess, embroidery and singing during the full moon. When the golden joy pervades the countryside, the stilt platform of the house will include a string, Huang Cancan's corn, bright red pepper and broccoli Karp (Tujia Brocade), which looks like a colorful, harmonious and charming one. Wealthy and well-off people not only paint tung oil on wind-resistant and rain-soaked buildings, but also paint carved railings, windows, lintels and wall panels in black and bright colors, showing the rich fragrance of traditional ethnic culture and art everywhere. Ted is convenient to eat and wear and do housework. Many people also spread spacious terraces in front and back of the house and plant peaches, pears, grapefruit, citrus, loquat, camphor tree, Toona sinensis, bamboo and palm trees on the surrounding ground.
Beautiful and quiet white flowers bloom in spring, frogs croak, and melons are dyed in the forest in autumn, which is quite a poem of Tao Yuanming. "In Yin's backyard, Luotang", Hu Sangfeng, a chicken in a deep alley of bark, meditated before the meeting. Think about it, so it turns out that happiness in the world is just so.
According to the historical records of relevant documents, Miao and Tujia people have lived in diaojiao buildings for a long time. "Biography of Liao in Shu Wei" 10 1 wrote: "Liao, Gai Nanman posthumous title ... the building blocks of the tree, do it in the name of going home. Historians have verified that the diaojiao building of Tujia and Miao nationalities in Xiangxi is a "living" trunk with a "smooth architectural heritage". The untraceable story has its origin, much like the long bureaucratic cycle in local legends. According to legend, in ancient times, in the land of Bizka (called by Tujia people), Ukrainian children inspired by a man and a woman made treetops on their nests. The trees of wild vines woven a good sleeping net with soft leaves, which was a simple primitive building, so they could live comfortably and satisfactorily. After centuries, the indigenous ancestors, resourceful and resourceful, finally evolved the first vines and even diaojiaolou. Now, I don't know, but the exquisite diaojiao building has a toast system. In the meantime, all the bakers and mountain officials' villas don't expect the only surviving cave to live in thatch. Until the "Tusi" in the Qing Dynasty, the 800-year-old leader class was completely abolished.
In the twenties and thirties of last century, Xiangxi, suffering in the poor corner of China. In the novella Border Town, a famous Miao writer, from Mr. Wen's lyric novels, short stories, especially the novel An Affectionate Sailor and an Affectionate Woman, we describe the love stories of various water sports pictures, and the diaojiao building between everyone and Tujia and Miao people in western Hunan.
In contrast, today's young people are luckier than Tracy and Niu Bao. Alice flew to the corner of the eaves, the diaojiao building, Tujia and Miaoshan houses lived together, and the songs of friends of Tujia and Miaoshan songs were all important places to express their feelings. It has always been a good song of a country. The image says: "two meals a day and a pillow at midnight." They only have language, not words. Their splendid national culture mainly relies on oral traditions.
The theme and content of Tujia and Miao love songs, after years of accumulation and life training, love is very extensive and has experienced young people's emotional and psychological processes from all aspects. Although every labor or holiday, they invited each other in groups of three or five, sang impromptu duets with the diaojiao building and warmed up tactfully.
Zhao Yong, a well-known photographer of Tujia nationality, said: "Those children born and raised with songs full of love in the game are like a can of corn, getting better drunken soju and slowing down the consumption of fine chemicals. Unconsciously, the soul and spirit of their culture permeate into your bone marrow and flow in your blood." Yes, in this song, when men and women are different, when a man comes home, he and his other half tell their parents to find a matchmaker to compete with. If the woman's parents and I agree to this marriage, it will be two relatives. However, if you happen to meet such a hot scene, let our voices sing as much as possible. This is harmless. They sing deeply, but they also win a little look back or smile from Miao and Tujia girls. You don't have to worry that someone really falls in love with you and pesters you, but that your "soul" accidentally hooks up with a girl. ...
In the local Miao village, villagers usually choose to build houses in the autumn off-season. Building safety beam has been regarded as a festival activity of life since ancient times, and Tujia and Miao folk customs are the best performance in the process of building houses.
My landlord will choose an auspicious day for the completion ceremony of the residential roof truss. On this day, the scene was grand and lively, and almost all the villagers rushed to help each other. In the nearby shrine, I saw the carpenter's meat feast, candles were burning incense, and the king sacrificed some ancestors. The crowd above the roof truss beam was shouting and talking. Then, under the guidance of the carpenter, the basket was full of rafters, singing while throwing the bus and praying for peace. The safe homeowner Geely Song Liang "arrived: when they passed the vehicle; Two parabolas west, the total wealth of the world; Three throwing nans, chickens, ducks, cows and a complete bar; 4 for the north, the offspring of several generations of talents ... "
After the carpenter's song was praised, there was a warm suona, firecrackers and people's laughter suddenly broke out, echoing one after another. Bazin must win the favor of onlookers. More and more people are competing for Bazin and have more happiness. After many children, grandchildren and granddaughters built houses, their family business flourished. It is a kind of competition for Ciba, and almost carpenters will give it to its owner to put down a huge cake from the roof of the roof beam. At this point, a new diaojiao building was officially announced.
In people's eyes, Miao and Tujia people have escaped from the noise and refused to be a small village, but they have the local characteristics of "indigenous" villages, the fragrance of life in "indigenous" villages, and the honest and frank characters of Miao and Tujia people have also become "indigenous". It is a profound history book of local residential architecture and minority culture, which is slowly explained and tasted by the world. I don't know why Miao and Tujia people wander around widely, but they fly kites: at the end of the year, there is always a place they can't throw away, but they walk helplessly, and those who are pulled down from the diaojiao building in their hometown and tied tightly to the horizon can't get rid of it and forget it. Shen, a famous modern Miao writer, died in the 1990s, especially in the last sentence. His ashes were placed in the clear green water of his hometown of Phoenix. His nephew Huang Yong, a famous artist, bought his own house in Phoenix and became a farmer in his later years. The local government also specially chose a good homestead for him, a rippling river, and built a complete national style diaojiao building.
If visiting the beautiful waters of Xiangxi can bring you a good mood, then speaking of that strange thing, the diaojiao buildings of Miao and Tujia always capture some people's hearts from time to time, but only hold some people's souls.