The enclosed house is the main architectural form of Hakka residence in the border areas of Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. It integrates home, ancestral hall and fort, and integrates architecture and aesthetics. The "fossils" of activities, especially Longnan County in southern Jiangxi, have become the "encircled capital" of southern Jiangxi because of the largest number of enclosed houses and the best preservation.
The Hakka enclosed houses in southern Gansu can be as large as tens of thousands of square meters and can accommodate hundreds of people. For example, Tian Xinwei in Wudang Town, Longnan, once housed more than 900 people at most. However, small enclosed houses such as Longnan There is only one family living in Maoguiwei in Renxiang, the county.
Panshiwei in Wushi Village:
The Hakka enclosed houses in southern Jiangxi were mainly built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The two earliest existing enclosed houses are Panshiwei in Wushi Village, Longnan (built around Ming Dynasty). During the Wanli Period) and the Yanyiwei in Yangcun (built in the fifth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), Professor Kazutoshi Katayama, director of the Department of Architecture at Tokyo University of the Arts and a famous scholar, inspected the Hakka enclosed houses in southern Gansu and said: "The structure of the Hakka enclosed houses in southern Gansu is not the same. It is not complicated, but its large scale, large space and large capacity integrate the functions of residence, castle, religious belief, meeting hall and central square. Such a magnificent and multi-functional residential house is rare in the world and is shocking!" Yes, looking at the enclosed house is like reading an architectural textbook. People can learn a lot of knowledge and get a lot of inspiration from it. This feeling is like the Japanese people seeing ancient Roman architecture for the first time. Many Japanese scholars believe that "Gannan Hakka enclosed house" It is the Rome of the East.”
Guanxi Xinwei:
The most legendary enclosed house in Longnan is Guanxi Xinwei in Xinwei Village, Guanxi Town. In this huge enclosed house, the colorful paintings on the Feng Shui wall of the courtyard have peeled off completely, but the two pairs of stone lions in front of the courtyard are very impressive: the lions are so heroic and powerful that they can swallow up mountains and rivers. The lioness has her mouth closed, showing a gentle and peaceful expression. Especially the two little lions attached to the lioness express the affection of the two little ladies respected by the owner. Guanxi Xinwei is a typical Hakka residence. The entire building is arranged in five groups, with three front and back entrances, fourteen patios, an ancestral hall in the middle, and eighteen symmetrical halls. The "nine buildings and eighteen halls" praised by the Hakka people are vivid here. ground has been verified.
Yangcun Town Yanyiwei:
Yangcun Town’s Yanyiwei is also an extraordinary enclosed house. Since its construction in 1650 AD, Yanyiwei has become famous all over the world for its tallness, solidity and strong defensive functions. Now it has become a must-visit place for Hakkas, experts and scholars at home and abroad. Yanyi Wai is square, 15 meters high, 12 meters long, 32 meters wide, with an area of ??1368 meters and 136 rooms. The first floor is a dining room, the second and third floors are living quarters, and the fourth floor is a war building. There are 58 shooting rooms. mouth. The gate has three floors. There is a well for domestic use at the door. There are two hidden wells inside the gate, one is a water well and the other is a granary well, which are usually buried with soil. Because this fenced house is tall and easy to defend, it is also known as "Gaoshouwei". In the 1940s, Chiang Ching-kuo, then commissioner of the Fourth Administrative Office of Jiangxi Province, surrounded it for three days.
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