In this regard, Mr. Nan Huaijin explained: Most people say, "The wise enjoy water", which means that smart people like water because water flows. "The benevolent enjoy mountains" means that benevolent people like mountains. If you explain it this way, there will be a big problem. To paraphrase Zhuangzi, "Those who know love water." So eels, loaches, yellow croakers, and mullet all like water. Are they smart? "The benevolent are happy in the mountains", so are monkeys, tigers and lions all benevolent? This explanation is incorrect. The correct explanation is "the one who knows is happy, water". The happiness of a knower is like water, leisurely and peaceful, always lively and splashing. "The benevolent enjoy the mountains." The joy of the benevolent is like a mountain, lofty and great. "Knowing people are happy", knowing people are happy, their outlook on life and interests are multi-faceted; "Benevolent people live long", quiet and self-cultivation people are less likely to lose their temper and are less likely to be impulsive. They look at things calmly and are difficult to deal with first. Later, I found that such people also live longer. This is a connected meaning. Don’t follow the ancients’ random explanation: smart people must like water, and kind people must like mountains. That's a big problem.
This is a characteristic of wise and benevolent people. A wise man is optimistic and active, like water; a benevolent man is deep and heroic, like a mountain. In fact, the external performance of a wise man does not mean that he is lively and active, but rather that he is flexible, like water, ever-changing, able to be quick or slow, quiet or active, moving and still at the right time, gentle and powerful.
The wisdom of a wise man does not come from this active and agile external expression, but should be sublimated from silence. As the Buddhists call "concentration produces wisdom", what is concentration? It is concentration, which comes from being calm and undisturbed. Therefore, wisdom is born in tranquility. From this aspect, an upright wise man is also the most quiet. In silence, you can achieve the state of forgetting both things and yourself and becoming one, and reach the state of nature. And nature, nothingness, is undoubtedly the most natural expression of wisdom. It is also like what Laozi said: "Natural inaction".
In other words, only by entering tranquility and concentration can people achieve natural inaction in nothingness, can they examine the past and the present, assess the situation, and discern the subtleties of heaven and earth. The mysteries of all things, so as to grasp the laws of the development of things, seize the best opportunities, and develop. Look at those people who have achieved great things in ancient times, aren’t they all like this? He is good at teaching the heaven and earth, meditating in tranquility, and achieving "strategy and victory thousands of miles away"; when the opportunity is not available, he "lurks in hiding and waits for the right moment", standing on the edge of life and watching from the sidelines. and when the opportunity comes, move quickly to seize the opportunity and develop yourself. This is wisdom. Only move out when the time is right. If you don't move, it will be shocking.
The Lao-Zhuang philosophy of Taoism in our country embodies profound wisdom. Lao and Zhuang advocated natural inaction, being soft and showing weakness, even embracing the weak and deficient, being indifferent to the world, hiding one's weakness and guarding the body, etc. This may seem negative, but in fact it embodies a kind of using softness to overcome hardness, using the weak to defeat the strong, using retreat to advance, and doing the opposite. of superb wisdom.
Zhuangzi is a person who has a very thorough understanding of life, society and human nature, and can remain aloof. Many things are not what they seem on the surface. People who often talk about the joy of mountains and forests may not be able to truly understand its joy; people who often talk about hating fame and wealth may not necessarily want promotion and wealth. For many things, only by experiencing them can one see the true spirit; for many things, only by experiencing them can one be qualified to say that one truly understands them; without experience and judgment, one cannot truly understand them. As Zhuangzi said: "It is not difficult to understand the Tao, but it is difficult if you don't speak it out. To understand the Tao without making unnecessary comments is to reach the natural state; to understand the Tao and just talk about it is to do it deliberately. And the ancients , is to pursue the noble and natural without doing anything."
Laozi said: "The great sound is the sound," the more you understand it, the less you say it. Because I don’t think it’s necessary, so as not to make things more confusing and darker. After all, "Books cannot express what they say, and words cannot express what they mean." Sometimes language cannot truly represent anything. It is better to say less when it is not needed. A truly wise man never speaks quickly, but always remains silent. "If you don't make a sound, it's enough. If you make a sound, it will make a big difference."
"The world is interesting. Those who get it have nothing to say, and those who say it don't get it.
"So Taoism advocates natural inaction and pursues nature. Natural inaction is the state of obtaining the way of heaven and earth. It is the highest wisdom and the best way of survival suitable for all living things.
Laozi's master His name was Chang Cong. When Chang Cong was about to die, Laozi and his disciples stood in front of Chang Cong's bed, doing their best as a student.
Laozi asked the master, "Do you have anything else to tell the students?" ?
Chang Cong said: "You said, teeth or tongue, which one is strong and which one is weak?" "
Before I could answer, Chang Cong opened his mouth and said, "Look! What else is in my mouth? "
I looked at it and said, "Master, there is nothing in your mouth. "
Chang Cong said to Lao Tzu: "This is the last lesson I teach you. It is better to be weak than to be strong.
Lao Tzu said with tears in his eyes: "Master, who will I take as my teacher from now on?"
Chang Cong looked at Lao Tzu and said, "From now on, you should take water as your teacher." "Then, he said: "The best is like water, 'water' is the weakest, but 'water' has rich revelations about life. A wise person is like water. Water will turn when it encounters obstacles, but its flow direction does not change. This attitude of not confronting others head-on, and not adopting a lose-lose attitude is the style of a wise man. It may seem weak, but it is powerful. "
After hearing this, Lao Tzu and the students were convinced.
As the saying goes, "The best is like water, and virtue carries everything." Under virtue, there is more wisdom and constantly follows the trend. , either fast or slow, flexible and changeable, or quiet, trickling, or rushing, roaring, the character of water, gentle and powerful, as the source of life, it is indeed the most profound revelation to people, and it is our best The so-called "water drops penetrate stone", the power of water is extremely powerful, and has been imitated by wise men throughout the ages.
Zhuge Liang's most important characteristic is that he is good at it. The law of heaven and earth, and the wisdom of Taoism, Zhou Yu deliberately made things difficult for Zhuge Liang and asked him to make 100,000 arrows within ten days. He originally thought that Zhuge Liang would refuse. This is too difficult. However, unexpectedly, Zhuge Liang said: "Cao Jun is coming soon. If he waits ten days to build it, he will miss a big deal.
He said: "I don't need ten days, but only three days to complete this matter." "
Zhou Yu was overjoyed to see him so happy. He immediately signed a military order with Zhuge Liang. In his opinion, how could Zhuge Liang do it? In this way, he would definitely die. He had long been jealous of Zhuge Liang's intelligence. He wanted to kill him quickly, so he hoped to avenge his death.
After Zhuge Liang left, Zhou Yu asked Lu Su to go to Zhuge Liang's camp to check the situation.
When Zhuge Liang saw Lu Su coming, he deliberately said pitifully: "How can you make 100,000 arrows in three days? I hope Zijing can save me! "
The kind-hearted Lu Su replied: "You brought it upon yourself, how can I save you?
Zhuge Liang said: "I only hope that you will lend me twenty ships, each equipped with thirty soldiers. The ships are all covered with green cloth, each with more than a thousand grass handles, and each one is erected. On both sides of the ship. I have a wonderful use for all of this, and I guarantee there will be 100,000 arrows on the third day. But there is one thing you must not let Zhou Yu know! Otherwise, he will get in the way and it will be difficult for my plan to be realized! "
Lu Su said: "Don't worry. "
However, although he agreed to Zhuge Liang's request, he did not understand what Zhuge Liang meant. After he returned, he kept his promise and did not tell Zhou Yu about borrowing the ship. He only said that Zhuge Liang had no intention of building a ship. After hearing this, Zhou Yu was also puzzled about the bamboo, feathers, glue and paint used for arrows.
After Zhuge Liang borrowed ships and soldiers from Lu Su, they were ready as planned. Zhuge Liang made no move. It was not until the fourth watch on the third night that he secretly invited Lu Su to the boat and told him to get the arrows.
Lu Su asked in confusion: " Where to get it? "
Zhuge Liang replied: "Zijing, there is no need to ask, you will know when you go." "
Lu Su was confused, so he had to follow Zhuge Liang's arrangement and accompany him to see what happened.
In the early morning, the vast river surface was filled with mist and darkness. Zhuge Liang He ordered the soldiers to connect the twenty boats together with long ropes, weigh anchor and head for Cao's army's camp on the north bank.
At five o'clock, the fleet was approaching Cao Cao's water village. At this time, Zhuge Liang asked his soldiers to move the fleet from head to west and tail to east, across the front of Cao Jun's stronghold. Then, he ordered the soldiers to beat drums and shout, deliberately creating a momentum of drumming and marching.
Lu Su was horrified when he saw this, but Zhuge Liang said calmly: "I predict that on this foggy night, Cao Cao will never dare to go to war rashly. You and I can drink and have fun with confidence, and wait until When the fog clears, we will go back."
After hearing the news, Cao Cao was really worried about being ambushed in the heavy fog and refused to fight easily. He quickly mobilized 6,000 crossbowmen from Hanzhai and rushed to the river. Together with the navy archers, they fired about 10,000 people and fired randomly into the river in an attempt to stop the "Sun Liu coalition" who was beating drums and calling for formation.
For a moment, arrows flew like locusts, hitting the straw handles and curtains on the boat in the middle of the river. After a period of time, Zhuge Liang calmly ordered the fleet to turn around, head to the east and tail to the west, close to the water village to receive arrows, and asked the soldiers to beat the drums and shout harder.
By the time the fog cleared at sunrise, all the grass on the boat was densely packed with arrow branches. At this time, Zhuge Liang ordered the fleet to turn around and return. He also ordered all the soldiers to shout loudly: "Thank you, Prime Minister Cao, for the arrows!" When Cao Cao learned the truth, Zhuge Liang's arrow-fetching fleet had already left for more than 20 miles, and Cao Cao was unable to catch up. Cao Cao was extremely frustrated.
After Zhuge Liang led the fleet back to camp, he asked his soldiers to calculate that they had obtained more than 100,000 arrows in only three days!
Lu Su was so impressed by what happened that he called Zhuge Liang a "god man".
What he said to Lu Su: "I am not only knowledgeable about astronomy and geography, but I also know the strange gates and the yin and yang. I am also good at the formation and military posture in marching operations. I have already determined it three days ago. There must be heavy fog, so we performed this drama of borrowing arrows from a straw boat." Then he said: "My life is tied to the sky, how can Zhou Gongjin harm me?" When Zhou Yu learned all this, he was shocked. Losing color, feeling inferior.
Why is Zhuge Liang so smart? It is the result of his ability to teach heaven and earth effectively.