Daoguang was a very frugal emperor before his death. According to historical records, he used to wear patched trousers to the DPRK before his death, and most of his clothes were washed three times before he was put on.
It is such a thrifty emperor that his mausoleum is also very ingenious. So where is the ingenuity of his mausoleum? How did the thrifty emperor build a mausoleum after his death? The most important thing is how did he die?
Daoguang was very frugal. His clothes are always washed and washed, worn and worn. His clothes are often tattered and patched, and he continues to wear them. It can be said that he is a good emperor who is diligent and housekeeping. And the mausoleum he built for himself after his death is really special. His mausoleum is called Qing Muling, which was built in Longquan Valley on the border of Qing Xiling.
Although the mausoleum was built in Xiling, it was not chosen here at the beginning. But after many twists and turns, the location of the mausoleum was changed three times before it was chosen in Longquan Valley.
Location of the First Mausoleum: In the first year of Jiaqing, when Daoguang was still a prince, he married Mrs. Niu Kulu, who was one year older than her notes, and Mrs. Niu Kulu became the first wife of the future emperor.
But Niu Kulu didn't live long, and died in the thirteenth year of Jiaqing. He was only 28 when he died, and Daoguang was only 27 at that time.
His yearning for Niu Kulu was beyond words, and his father saw it, so he asked Niu Kulu, the deputy commander of Wang Zuo Village near Gyeonggi, to build a mausoleum to commemorate Yunning's first wife. On November 17th, 16th year of Jiaqing, Mrs. Niu Kulu was buried in Wang Zuo Village with the identity and etiquette of the Crown Prince.
Ten years have passed in an instant. After Yunning succeeded to the throne, she was posthumously named the filial piety queen in order to express her thoughts and love for Niu Kulu. And we will build our own mausoleum in Wang Zuo village, but if we do this, we will face the problem of destroying the ancestral system.
Because during the Qianlong period, it was decided that the father and son should be buried separately. The father was buried in Dongling and the son was buried in Xiling. This was also a rule that could not be violated in the Qing Dynasty. Wang Zuo Village is located in neither Xiling nor Dongling. If you build a mausoleum here, it will violate the will of Emperor Qianlong.
After learning this news, the civil and military capitals of the Qing Dynasty played in succession to discourage Daoguang from choosing another auspicious place. Because if buried in Wang Zuo village, it will not only destroy the ancestral system.
In addition, the grave will be very large, which will also affect the interests of the people in Wang Zuo village and the villagers in Wang Zuo, which is very undesirable.
Daoguang listened to the suggestion of the ministers of the DPRK and thought that it was a little thoughtless to build a mausoleum here, so he ordered the ministers to find an eternal auspicious place in Dongling according to the system of ancestral Zhao Mu. And Wang Zuo village mausoleum construction plan to give up.
Second Mausoleum Site Selection: Daoguang started the site selection and preparation plan of the Mausoleum in the first year of Daoguang, after the mausoleum was established in Dongling. Regarding the construction and site selection of the mausoleum, Daoguang once told the minister in charge of this matter that the location of the mausoleum must be very good, and it doesn't matter if the mausoleum is smaller.
Therefore, the address of the final mausoleum was chosen in the Doudou Valley on the border of Dongling. After the address was determined, the Doudou Valley was renamed Baohua Valley. After all the decisions were made, the construction of the mausoleum officially began.
After six years of hard work, the restoration project of the mausoleum was finally completed. Daoguang was so happy that he rewarded the ministers in charge of this matter. On September 22nd, the first year of Daoguang, Xiao Mu's coffin was moved and buried in Xinling.
However, after Xiao Mu's coffin was put into the underground palace for the New Year, God played a big joke on everyone. In the eighth year of Daoguang, the minister guarding Dongling played for Daoguang, and the water seepage in the underground palace of Baohua Yuling was very serious. The deepest water in the underground palace was half a meter high, and even the tomb of Queen Xiao Mu was submerged by two inches.
Daoguang was very angry when he learned of this incident, and immediately punished the minister who was in charge of building the mausoleum. Although he was not executed, he was also dismissed from office, fined and exiled.
Then he ordered people to choose a new place and abolish Bao Huayu's grave.
As a result, the Baohua Hall, which had been used for many years, was abandoned, and Queen Xiao Mu, who was buried in the underground palace, was "rediscovered" for the second time.
Finalization of Mausoleum: After giving up Bao Huayu's mausoleum, the DPRK minister also suggested Daoguang to look for a place to build a mausoleum within the boundaries of the Qing tombs, because this is the ancestral system and cannot be destroyed.
However, Daoguang has the idea of breaking the jar and breaking the fall. He doesn't want to build a mausoleum in Dongling. And also assigned countless feng shui masters to go out and look for Jianling Jidi. During this period, Daoguang was also praised by many North Korean ministers.
The content is nothing more than to make Daoguang think twice before you leap, and to find a place of eternal happiness in Dongling. However, Daoguang has made up his mind not to build a mausoleum in Dongling, and finally chose Longquan Valley in Xiling as his burial place for many years.
After the final address of the mausoleum was determined, the mausoleum was built in Longquan Valley on the eighth day of November in the 11th year of Daoguang. The construction project did not end until the fifteenth year of Daoguang, and it was built for four years.
During this period, more than 2.4 million taels of silver were spent directly and indirectly, and the name of the mausoleum was finally determined as "Muling". After the completion of the mausoleum, Queen Xiao Mu was removed and buried. Xiao Mu's coffin has been moved three times, which is extremely rare in the past history.
In the 29th year of Daoguang, namely 18501October 23rd, Daoguang's mother died at the age of 74. According to the historical data "A Record of Emperor Xuanzong of Qing Dynasty", after the death of Empress Dowager Cixi, Daoguang was heartbroken and cried her eyes out. She didn't talk, eat or even drink a mouthful of water for several days.
This made the civil servants in the Qing Dynasty very worried, because Daoguang was old at that time, and such grief was excessive and his body was likely to have an accident. So the minister of the DPRK knelt down to Daoguang and begged him not to be too sad about the death of the empress dowager, but to focus on the overall situation and take care of himself.
At that time, Daoguang was over half a year old. He is busy with the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi every day and wakes up in front of the mourning hall of Empress Dowager Cixi at night. It was a severe winter in the north and it was very cold. When Daoguang was at the wake, he only spread a straw mat on the ground and slept on the floor.
He is 68 years old. The body couldn't stand the cold at all, and the Manchu civil servants begged him to return to the palace, but Daoguang wouldn't listen. After many days of hard work and bad diet, he finally got sick.
When the time came1February 2 1 day, Daoguang decided to send the body of Empress Dowager Cixi to Yuanmingyuan for storage. On the day when the body was transported away, Daoguang dragged his tired and injured body out to see Empress Dowager Cixi off, then rode a fast horse to Yuanmingyuan, arrived at Yuanmingyuan in advance, and knelt at the door to welcome the body of Empress Dowager Cixi into the park.
A few days later, Daoguang slept on the floor of Yuanmingyuan as before, mourning the Empress Dowager Cixi.
After a series of mourning acts, Daoguang ushered in the last year of his life. At that time, he had been in power for 30 years and was 69 years old. On the fifth day of the first month, under the collective pleading of the ministers of the DPRK, Daoguang gave up the plan to personally transport the body of the Empress Dowager.
But at that time, Daoguang was in poor health and his condition was so serious that it was difficult to stand up by himself. On the eleventh day of the first month, Daoguang died on the fourteenth day of the first month after handling the last state affairs before his death. Because he had a minor illness before, he got worse after a few days of tossing and turned into lung disease.
At that time, Daoguang was old and his body's resistance in all aspects became much worse than before, so his death was basically expected.
In the six hours before Daoguang died, he became speechless, but his mind was still clear, so he announced the candidate for the next emperor. The emperor's testamentary edict was written and preserved five years ago. What we have to do now is to open the box where the testamentary edict is stored.
In Shende Hall, all the officials of the Manchu Dynasty, the relatives of the royal family and the country are in the hall, ready to welcome the new generation of emperors. When the box was opened, there were two secret messages in it. At that time, the home secretary read out the contents of the testamentary edict. The content of the testamentary edict is very simple, only the succession of the emperor and the candidates of other princes are written.
The content of the testamentary edict is probably that Yi Xin, the sixth son of the emperor, was made a prince and the fourth son was made a crown prince. Yixin was appointed as the next emperor, and he knelt down and wept bitterly. At this time, Manchu civil servants inside and outside the hall also knelt down and bowed down to the new king.
The mausoleum built for oneself can be called a grand woodcarving event, and the most striking thing in this event is the beautifully carved and lifelike Nanmu carved dragon.
None of the three Nanmu temples in Muling is painted in oil, and the whole Nanmu temple is painted in melted wax. Moreover, one of the three major halls in Muling is decorated with 13 18 wood carving dragon, and the Long 'en Hall is decorated with 1096.
On the ceiling of Long Entang, dragons are carved out of wood. Due to the special hollow carving method, the overall posture of the dragon seems to be overlooking all beings.
Most of Muling's buildings are very practical and don't have much decoration, because he asked his mausoleum to have good feng shui before his death, and the scale of the mausoleum can be reduced.
Therefore, the main buildings of the mausoleum are only tombstones, Shinto Bridge, Long 'en Hall, Daiyu River, Shiwugong and the necessary monuments of each mausoleum. Compared with other tombs of Qing emperors, there are no Ming buildings and Fangcheng.
Shen Dao Bridge is located in the north of Tombstone Town. Shen Dao Bridge in Muling is not a stone bridge with three holes and three roads, but an arch bridge with a flat bridge on the left and right.
There are two courthouses, a front porch and three spacious rooms in the north of the bridge. There is a classroom in the north of two opposite rooms. Next is the main building in the mausoleum, the Long 'en Hall.
The Long 'en Temple was built on a stone sumeru pedestal, with a five-room table covered with gold bricks, and the roof was a single-eave rest peak paved with yellow glazed tiles, with three doors opened in the middle, but the burner originally placed in the door had disappeared. The east-west distribution around the Long 'en Hall is relatively small towards the main hall.
The main structure of Long 'en Hall is slightly different from that built by emperors in previous dynasties. The Long 'en Hall in Muling changed the previous precedent of five rooms to three rooms, and changed the double-eaved roof to a single-eaved roof. Cloisters were also set up around the main hall, and the railings and carved faucets around the platform and the main hall were also removed. There are two bronze furnaces on the platform.
There are two stone beams and two Jia beams at the east and west corners of the platform. All the visible wooden structures of the Long 'en Hall and the two attached halls are made of golden nanmu, so the Long 'en Hall and the two attached halls cost the most money and take the longest time to build.
Instead of depicting some colorful paintings on the golden nanmu, traditional Chinese paintings on important buildings such as ceilings and group boards are not depicted, but some lifelike Youlong are depicted by some relief techniques. The wooden carved dragons decorated in the three halls add up to 13 18, and Long Entang occupies 1096.
Daoguang believes that the reason why Baohuayu Tomb oozes water is because of the decoration of dragons. This time, when Muling was being built, he specially ordered the woodcut Youlong to be arranged on the roof to make the underground palace watertight.
Behind the Long 'en Temple, there is a river called Daiyu River, and there are three white marble flat bridges across the Daiyu River. Of the three stone bridges, only the middle bridge has more railings than the other two.
In the north of Daiyu River, a three-bedroom, four-column and three-story stone archway made of white marble replaced the three doors in traditional buildings. The sides of the stone archway are pasted on the wall. The foreheads of the two doors on both sides of the archway are engraved with dragon and phoenix patterns, with Youlong in the middle and dragons wrapped on the left and right sides.
There is a platform behind the 15th Palace in Muling, with a width of 45.4 meters and a platform base height of 1.92 meters. There are three steps in front of the platform base, each with twelve steps.
There are no Fangcheng Minglou and Baocheng built on the platform like other imperial tombs. There is an imperial road above the platform base, and at the end of the imperial road is a platform near the square. On the platform, in the middle of Sumeru is a circular treasure dome, and below it is the Tomb of the Qing Dynasty, which is also the burial place of Daoguang.
If you have visited the mausoleum, you may know that there is no monument in the mausoleum to praise the achievements before death like the emperors of past dynasties. This is because China was defeated in the Opium War, and Daoguang felt ashamed of the people and ancestors of the Yu Daqing Dynasty, so he did not build sacred stone tablets and representative stone statues in the mausoleum.
To the north of Wukong Bridge is the Dragon and Phoenix Gate in the mausoleum. The Dragon and Phoenix Gate in Muling is the same as that in Xiaoling and Tailing, but on a smaller scale. There are two dismounting signs in the north of the mausoleum to remind people who come to worship on horseback to dismount and enter the cemetery here to show their respect for Daoguang.
Posthumous title of Xuanzong is engraved on the stone tablet near Shinto, and the life story of Xuanzong is engraved on the back of the stone tablet according to the requirements of Daoguang, which is actually similar to the stone tablet of Shengde.
There is a lot of information about why Daoguang Mausoleum was named Muling. According to the precedent, the name of the tomb after the death of the emperor should be named after the death of the tomb owner, but anyone who knows the history knows that Daoguang's tomb was named by himself. What's going on here?
According to legend, Daoguang decided to set the mausoleum behind Longquan Valley. In order to avoid the tomb leaking like Bao Huayu again, he chose a higher place.
Moreover, he often visited the mausoleum when he was alive. At the end of the construction project of Longquan Valley Mausoleum, Daoguang visited the Qing Mausoleum again. Before that, he had been to Tailing and Changling. When he came to his future burial place, he was very happy because he felt that his mausoleum was built very firmly.
Once, when Daoguang visited the Longquan Valley Mausoleum, he stood on the platform of the main hall with a pen in his hand, staring at the East, and suddenly he was filled with emotion, so he waved his hand and wrote down the commandment that "he longs for it, longs for it". And his two 18-year-old princes, Igu and Yiyi, called on them to read these big characters.
Later, people collected the pens they had just written in the East Warm Pavilion of Long 'en Hall. Two years later, Daoguang died, and Xianfeng, who succeeded to the throne, reread the testamentary edict left by Daoguang two years ago.
When I saw the "desire and desire" on the testamentary edict, it suddenly dawned on me that the original Daoguang Emperor wanted to imply that he would use the word "desire" to name the mausoleum in the future.
On February 9th, 30th year of Daoguang, Emperor Xianfeng issued a decree, officially naming the tomb of his father Daoguang as "Muling". As for the naming of the mausoleum, it can only be said that Emperor Xianfeng was gifted and intelligent.
I didn't forget the edict left by Daoguang, and realized the intention of Daoguang Emperor in time. If the name has been taken and made public when the intention is understood, then the light under the grave can only shake its head and sigh.
Why did you name his mausoleum "Tomb"? Many scholars believe that when Daoguang was in power, the political situation in the Qing Dynasty deteriorated sharply.
Whether it is a domestic uprising or the eyes of western countries. It brought great pressure to Daoguang, and Daoguang was also in a state of managing the Qing Dynasty in a mess, and he regretted it.
At the thought that his ancestor Nurhachi galloped on the battlefield, the Qing Dynasty founded by the Southern Expedition, and the great peace and prosperity created by his parents were all destroyed by his own hands, Daoguang felt guilty in his heart and thought that he had no face to face his ancestors and father under the grave.
His father Jiaqing reigned for twenty-five years, which delayed the decline of Ai Xinjue Roche. However, in his own generation, the Qing Dynasty was in jeopardy. Thinking that he had to admire his ancestors, he named his tomb with the word "Mu", which on the one hand expressed his respect for his ancestors and on the other hand expressed a sense of guilt.
The result of the demise of the Qing Dynasty is inevitable, and the important reason is not Daoguang Emperor. At the beginning of the Qing dynasty, the comprehensive strength of the Qing dynasty was still relatively strong. At that time, many foreign businessmen wanted to do business in the Qing Dynasty. However, at that time, the Qing Dynasty thought that it was very powerful and China's resources should belong to itself, so it adopted a closed door policy.
Not doing business with other countries and not conducting technical exchanges in all aspects also planted seeds for the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Because of the closed door, the development of science and technology in all aspects of the Qing Dynasty became very slow, and at the same time, foreign countries were making every effort to develop social productive forces, which not only made people's lives better, but also greatly improved the strength of the army.
The second reason is the institutional problem. In the heyday of the development of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of resources were hoarded and the national treasury was very substantial. In other countries, the Qing Dynasty was a piece of fat, and everyone wanted a piece of it, so many envoys were sent to China to discuss cooperation, but they were all rejected.
But at that time, European countries had established a brand-new capitalist system, which enabled them to hoard a lot of wealth in a short period of time, and also enabled them to have the basic strength to invade China.
After the Qing dynasty refused to cooperate, the artillery fire of western powers knocked on the "door" that the Qing dynasty had locked for a long time, and the Qing dynasty gradually went to extinction.