Is the owner of Terracotta Warriors Qin Shihuang?

On June 13, 2009, the third large-scale excavation of the first pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin Shihuang's mausoleum began, which once again attracted the attention and discussion of the whole world. Recently, the ancient architect Chen Jingyuan published his new book The Truth of Terracotta Warriors. The book systematically demonstrates and concludes that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses are not Qin Shihuang's at all! If this assertion is established, it will directly deny the archaeological research of terracotta warriors and horses for more than 30 years. Author Chen Jingyuan accepted an exclusive interview with our reporter. In the tit-for-tat with Yuan, an archaeologist of Terracotta Warriors, 63 conclusive reasons were put forward to prove that the owner of Qin Terracotta Warriors was the grandmother of Qin Shihuang's grandfather and queen (the wife was the queen, that is, Chen Jingyuan thought that the Terracotta Warriors were the real owners) ↓ Qin Wuwang, Qin (half-brother) ↓ Qin Zhuangxiang Wang ↓ Qin Shihuang's "Terracotta Warriors are too hasty" Chen Jingyuan told reporters that the archaeological characterization that the Terracotta Warriors belonged to Qin Shihuang's burial pit has not been made public. The article claims that an archaeologist named Yuan, with his extensive historical knowledge, suddenly thought of an ancient book that Qin Shihuang came to inspect the construction site and ordered Prime Minister Li Si to expand the scope of the mausoleum by "300 feet" on the spot. After their drilling investigation, it was found that the location of the pottery figurines unearthed in xiyang village was within this "300 feet". Chen said: "I found that all versions of' ancient books' did not have the word' 300 feet'; To say the least, even if there is a record of' 300 feet', it is meaningless. Because one foot in the Qin and Han dynasties was only 23 centimeters now, and' 300 feet' was only 690 meters when converted into the current size. Xiyang village is near the center of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum. How can it be within' three hundred feet'? " "After the Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses were officially identified for many years, five bronze statues engraved with Lv Buwei's name were found in the pit. Mr. Yuan and others said without hesitation that he was the prime minister of Qin Shihuang, and the appearance of Ge certainly represented the construction age of this pit. "According to Mr. Yuan, this pit was built by Prime Minister Reese. Why didn't Brother Li look in the pit? Qin Shihuang was a dutiful son, and Lv Buwei was his biological father. Is it reasonable to bury your son in the name of your biological father? In addition, the silt layer is like an annual ring. According to the calculation results of silt layer, the time from pit construction to incineration is at least 40 to 50 years. On page 258 of the No.1 pit excavation report, it is written that' Three years of Lv Buwei Ge' was unearthed on the surface of the silt layer! " "Epang Palace was not built by Qin Shihuang," 72-year-old Chen Jingyuan told reporters. "I studied Epang Palace for decades and wrote hundreds of thousands of words of argumentative papers. Epang Palace was not built by Qin Shihuang. " Chen thinks the "300 Li" of Epang Palace is amazing. If you count the back garden, it is as big as Shanghai now. First of all, according to historical records such as Historical Records, it will take "two years or 10 years" to build Epang Palace around "300 Li" and make it the largest palace in the world. As long as you have some common sense or people in architectural knowledge know that this is impossible. Secondly, logging is the biggest problem in palace construction. "Hanshu Jiashan Biography" records that "Epang Palace is tens of meters high". During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was five feet six inches high and one foot was 0.23 meters. It can be seen that the wooden pillars of Epang Palace are thick and high. As Wang Zhongyan said in Ci Ning Dian Bin, it is "the product of one thousand years and the material of ten thousand years". The consequences of building a palace with logs are unimaginable, so according to the building materials, Epang Palace does not belong to the Qin Shihuang era. Li Yufang, the captain of the Epang Palace Archaeological Team, after five years of archaeological excavation of the Epang Palace site, found no architectural traces of the Qin Dynasty, such as tiles, and no traces of charcoal, ashes, red soil and clods left after burning, except for a tall rammed earth platform. For this reason, Mr. Li believes that the so-called Epang Palace project has no time to build a wooden palace on the pedestal within two years, so Epang Palace is only a "semi-finished" site at best. Dialogue Chen Jingyuan: The unearthed bronze weapons do not belong to Guangzhou Daily in Qin Dynasty: Many bronze weapons were unearthed in the pit of Terracotta Warriors and Horses, and some of them were as bright as new. Do you have any reason to think that these bronze weapons are just outdated weapons? Chen Jingyuan: The length of iron sword can reach more than 150 cm, and steel weapons can cut iron like mud. Can't Qin Shihuang tell who is advanced and who is backward? The bronze imperial hand figurine unearthed near the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, with a sword length of 60.24 cm, was made according to the ratio of 1/2. Its prototype size should be 120.48 cm. Since the length of the bronze sword in the pit is 9 1 cm, the sword worn by the imperial hand is undoubtedly a steel sword. Qin Shihuang unified China, ordered the collection of all bronze weapons in the country, and cast them into twelve bronze figures, each weighing 340,000 Jin, which were originally used by millions of troops in the country. Therefore, in the Qin Dynasty, anyone who continues to possess weapons made of bronze is a serious violation of your orders. From the historical records of Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin in Biography of the Assassin, it can be found that the towering columns in the main hall of Qin Palace are all made of bronze, which fully shows that many copper smelting workshops in Qin Dynasty have long been converted to non-military purposes. Guangzhou Daily: Yuan, honorary curator of the Qin Terracotta Warriors Museum and former head of the Qin Warrior Archaeological Team, believes that the "black-respecting" system in the Qin Dynasty only wears black clothes at important celebrations and funeral ceremonies. Expert Liu Zhancheng's point of view is that Qin Jun's clothes are provided by farmers, so it is difficult to unify colors. How to treat the problem of "clothes are still black" in Qin Dynasty? Chen Jingyuan: Mr. Yuan has always stressed that the terracotta warriors are the burial pits of Qin Shihuang. Isn't that the most important funeral etiquette? Isn't it the critical moment when you have to wear black? In addition, after the death of a country's king, do all soldiers have to wear colorful clothes to attend various mourning activities? It is a misinterpretation to say that Qin Jun's clothes were provided by farmers themselves. The field army fought south and north. After decades of service, there is no fixed address. How do the family post it? Qin Shihuang has the financial resources to shape the colorful costumes of the Terracotta Warriors, but has no money to send real ammunition to the combat troops? The clothes of Terracotta Warriors and Horses are mostly red and purple, which is the reappearance of the Chu people's spirit of "respecting red" and is completely opposite to the system of "respecting black" in the Qin Dynasty. Under the condition that the terracotta warriors and horses are dressed in black, who is qualified to advocate that this is an army that respects the black in the Qin Dynasty? The arrogant Qin Shihuang, after issuing the "black order", actually no one came out to respond, and he was buried with himself in red and green clothes. Is this logical? "The Terracotta Warriors belong to a woman," Chen Jingyuan told reporters. "In Historical Records of Justice, Shaanxi Tongzhi, Lintong County Records and other historical materials, there are' Mount Li: south of Xinfeng County, Yongzhou16; Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor: southwest of Xinfeng County, Yongzhou 10 Li; Qin Mausoleum: A record in the south 14 of Xinfeng County, Yongzhou. The county seat of Xinfeng County in Yongzhou is not far from the northeast of Xingfeng in Lintong County. According to the above-mentioned definite orientation and mileage, it is easy to find the Qin Xu 'an Tailing Mausoleum, which is located in Xiyang Village and Xiahe Village, about one kilometer away from the foot of Lishan Mountain, and in the south of the east side of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is now the Qin Tomb Pit. ""At the same time, people found the most direct evidence in the Terracotta Warriors pit. Many of the heads of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are combed with crooked buns unique to Miao and Chu people, leaning to one side; The clothes of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses are colorful and very bright, which is obviously different from the black system of Qin Dynasty. In addition, the word "rice" is engraved on the pottery figurines, which is similar to the word "rice" in the "North Temple" site of Epang Palace excavated in that year. Epang Palace was founded by King Qin Huiwen, and Empress Dowager Zhou was the concubine of King Qin Huiwen. More importantly, there is a thick silt layer at the bottom of the pit, which can be divided into 14 layers. Judging from the frequency of rainstorm in Lintong and the regularity and characteristics of alternation of drought and flood in history, it will take at least 40 years to form such thick silt. If this pit was really destroyed at the end of Qin Dynasty and lasted for decades, plus the time needed to build it, then the owner of this pit can only go behind Qin Xu Antai! "Chen Jingyuan said that after the Qin Dynasty, his surname was Mi (mǐ), who was a prominent royal family in Chu and later married Qin Huiwen. She ruled the State of Qin for 4 1 year, and was the first lady sovereign who really took power and ruled the country in the history of China. Some even called her "Empress Dowager Cixi" more than 2,000 years ago. She is fully qualified to build luxurious graves and burial pits. Guangzhou Daily: Mr. Yuan thinks that the pottery figurines on the table are a complete word. After identification, it should be the word "spleen" and the name of a craftsman, and it can't be the name of the queen of Qin. Do you have any solid and reliable materials to conclude that this must be the word "Mi Yue"? Chen Jingyuan: Yuan's interpretation of the word "spleen" on the pottery figurine is unfounded, because there are many "spleen" characters in various ancient writings, but all the ancient characters of "spleen" have nothing in common with that pottery figurine. It is a guess and imagination to identify Wen Tao only as a craftsman's name, because there is only one such Wen Tao in the whole figurine pit. Is this craftsman "laid off" after finishing a clay figurine? The pottery figurines are engraved with "Xianyang" and "Xianyang Order". Are these the names of craftsmen, too? The explanation of "Mi, Yue" is based on numerous evidences of ancient philology, and there are the same characters on the ruins of Epang Palace, so both the figurine pit and Epang Palace are directly related to a person named Mi. It should be said that this identification method is very rigorous, reliable and accurate. Can words be disassembled and interpreted? This is the most basic common sense problem about single words and combined words. Professor Zhang, director of the research office of the Terracotta Warriors Museum, published an article in 1984, arguing that it is very correct for me to interpret the words on the Terracotta Warriors as "the sun and the moon". Guangzhou Daily: Yuan believes that there has never been a record of other people's tombs at the northern foot of Mount Li, and judging from the scale of the figurine pit, only Qin Shihuang has the courage and financial resources to build it, so the figurine pit can't be a burial pit after Qin Dynasty. Why have you been insisting for decades that the mausoleum of the Qin and Zhou Dynasties is not far from the eastern side of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor? Chen Jingyuan: In Historical Records, Justice, Boxed Annals, Shaanxi Annals, xi 'an Annals, Lintong County Annals and other historical materials, it is clearly recorded that "Qin Xu's Antai Mausoleum is located in the south 14 miles of Xinfeng County in Yongzhou, Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum is located in the southwest 10 miles of Xinfeng County in Yongzhou, and Lishan is located in the south 16 miles of Xinfeng County in Yongzhou". These data have the same starting point and accurate mileage figures. People can easily find the location of Qin Xu's Antai Mausoleum, which is near Xiyang to Xiahe Village. Yuan believed that Qin Mausoleum belonged to Xianning County in Hong Qing and Hong Qing belonged to Xianning County in history, but there was no written record of Qin Mausoleum in Xianning County Records, Xi Anzhou Records and Shaanxi Tongzhi, so there was no historical basis for Qin's burial in Hongqing. Qin Shihuang fought for years, and his financial resources dried up. It was a short-lived dynasty with no strong national strength. After Qin was in power for 4 1 year, the society was stable and he had the financial resources to engage in any engineering construction, so the real owner of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses was a woman more than 2,000 years ago. Academic debate on terracotta warriors 1. "Lv Buwei Ge" indicates that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built during the Qin Shihuang period? Yuan Zhong Yi: "Terracotta Warriors and Horses" is the conclusion of the funerary objects of Qin Shihuang Mausoleum, which is based on various archaeological evidences. There are as many as 23 bronze weapons with a clear date of Qin Shihuang in the pit. Lv Buwei's name was engraved on the weapon, and Lv Buwei was the prime minister of Qin Shihuang. These weapons were unearthed in the pit of terracotta warriors and horses, but because of the late artifacts, they could not appear in the early tombs. This is the basic knowledge of archaeology. With this "Brother Lv Buwei", it can be proved that the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit was built during the Qin Dynasty, and it is absolutely impossible to build it after Qin Xu Antai, which was decades earlier than Lv Buwei. Chen Jingyuan: According to the officially published archaeological excavation report, there are only five weapons engraved with the word "Lv Buwei", and there are only six pieces of copper beryllium/KLOC-0. There is no trace of the date of Qin Shihuang at all, because the word "temple worker" is engraved on the copper beryllium, and Yuan insisted that "temple worker" first appeared. In fact, there are not many artifacts engraved with the words "temple workers". Among the artifacts unearthed in the Han Dynasty, the word "temple worker" appears frequently. In addition, Wen Tao, a "temple worker", already existed two years before Qin Shihuang. 1995, in an ancient ash pit in weiyang district, the words "Temple Project" were found engraved on the mud seal. Because it is the same as the "bordered column" seal in Zhao Haoqi period of Qin State, it is recognized as an early artifact of Qin State by archaeological circles. In the late Warring States period, the word "temple worker" was also engraved on the copper beryllium unearthed in Yizheng, Jiangsu. It can be seen that "temple workers" were not unique to Qin Shihuang. 2. Can you prove that the objects in the pit are in the same style as the funerary objects of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum? Yuan Zhong Yi: The size, pattern and Wen Tao of the brick in the pit, the hairstyle, style and manufacturing technology of the pottery figurines, the shape and type of the pottery horse, the chariot and driving method of the pit, the construction method of the pit, the partition wall, the top wood of the pit, the names and characters on the pedal of the pottery figurines, etc. are all exactly the same as those of the bricks, pottery figurines, bronze horses and bronze carts unearthed in other parts of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. Chen Jingyuan: For thousands of years, everyone has been "buried underground", and the land with limited feng shui has long been "overcrowded". On the same piece of land, the phenomenon of tomb-in-tomb, tomb-on-tomb and tomb-in-tomb crowding has always been inevitable. "Hanshu" records that when Emperor Cheng built Changling, there were tens of thousands of tombs for the people. " "The Book of the Later Han Dynasty" records: "It is not good for the emperor to be a mausoleum and the official to be buried. There are thousands of tombs of Wang Jian in Zhongshan. "The Book of Jin records:" Yao buried his father and dug thousands of ancient tombs. "When the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor covers an area, didn't it occupy someone else's cemetery? For decades, in the vast area at the northern foot of Mount Li, no matter what cultural relics are found, whether it is cats, dogs, real horses or fake horses, whether it is wooden carts or copper carts, they have been put into the big laundry list of archaeological discoveries of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum. Almost none of Qin Shihuang's funerary objects listed in Yuan Dynasty were confirmed by strict scientific archaeological argumentation. For example, the bronze chariots and horses unearthed at the edge of Qin Shihuang's tomb are called the imperial chariots of Qin Shihuang, but contrary to the system of the emperor driving six horses, the prototype of the bronze imperial sword is 120 cm, while the bronze sword in the figurine pit is only 9 1 cm, which is simply incomparable.