Gelao nationality is a minority with a long history, mainly living in Guizhou. Gelao nationality has many unique folk customs different from other nationalities. Of course, this also includes some special taboos in the cultural tradition of the Gelao people. Do you know what taboos Gelao people have?
First of all, there is no place to live.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Fu's "Xi Mang Gong Xiao" said: "The Gelao people are forbidden by ghosts and cannot live there. Although the chief is rich in houses, he also has rafts, such as sheep houses, for mainlanders to live in. "
Its custom inherits the tradition of the ancients, namely, "living in the nest of a rock valley because of danger" and "living in the nest of a tree", which are called "dry hedges" respectively. Today, in the rural areas of northeast Guizhou, the ubiquitous customs are still followed. The right back room of the current wooden tile house is paved with wooden boards about one foot above the ground, which is usually called "building". This is where the host and hostess live. In front of the main building is a wing with cornices and handrails, which is usually called "building".
There are two or three rooms for children in this building. . Its custom of forbidding "ghosts" means "keeping away from ghosts and gods". Whether you live in a dry fence, a wooden building or a bamboo building, you can prevent the attack of wild animals, the bite of snakes and insects, and protect yourself from moisture.
Therefore, its "prohibition of ghosts" should mean respecting ghosts. "Ghost" is not a so-called ghost, but a general ghost, but refers to Mother Earth. In ancient times, this place was once called "Ghost House", such as Ancient History of Guizhou? He said, "Today Guizhou is the main body of Guangxi." Reflected in the place name of Shiqian County, the "Sun Xi" in Xixiang, Jiangxi Province is actually called "Ghost Six Children"; Gaokuitun in Zhongba Town is called Chaokuitun. Maojiazhai area in Daba township, formerly known as "ghost village"; There is a mountain village beside the Yangxi River in Shigu Town, which is still famous for ghosts. The strange peaks and rocks there are very spectacular.
Second, avoid closing the door.
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, in the rural areas of northeast Guizhou, after the big tile house of ordinary families was built, there was a wall in the middle of the house that was not decorated and kept open. Some people tie it horizontally with big bamboo strips and cover it slightly with a few pieces of pine. This is what Tian Rucheng said in his "Zhenyuan County Records". Jig means that the latch or door is closed and the door is locked. Some people invite carpenters to decorate the doors in a few years, which is often called "ordering the doors". Booking a door is as solemn as building the first house. When the door is repaired, it will close. The host family will hold a "Book Door Wine", and relatives and friends in the village will give gifts to celebrate. In the evening, there will be a "opening ceremony": a relative and friend knocks on the door on behalf of the "three lucky and longevity stars", and the carpenter is interrogated in the room. During the Q&A, the two sides talked a lot about Kyrgyz, and then came straight to the point to welcome "Samsung".
The decorative door at the back is usually open. Someone installed two "waist doors" outside the gate. If they want to close the door, they can only close the waist door, not the front door. The waist height of the door is more than 1 meter, and the upper part is vertically installed at the interval of 1 inch times 1 inch. There are slats 1 inch wide, which are ventilated and very beautiful.
Why don't you decorate the gate or leave it open? According to the old man, if the gate is closed, the sheep on the incense can't get in or out. What god is the goat on the incense? They all say "family comes first". According to the dictionary, the ewe is called "Gu", which means "ancient demon". It can be seen that the prohibition of sheep worship is a manifestation of Yelang's totem worship of Bamboo yaoyao.
Third, special customs are prohibited on New Year's Day.
As the saying goes, "the first month is taboo, and the last month is taboo." Gelao people attach great importance to the Spring Festival. There are many taboos and customs at the end of the year.
On New Year's Eve and the first day of the first month, families of all ages should maintain a harmonious atmosphere, enjoy family reunion and avoid angry quarrels and child abuse. New Year's Eve is called "Year Off" and the first day of the New Year is called "Year On". This will be a u
Burn the "welcome flame". As the saying goes, "Thirty nights of fire, fifteen lights." As early as 10 and 12, the gelao people had to find a big tree on the mountain and dig it home to dry, so as not to burn a "welcome fire" on New Year's Eve, which is also commonly known as "bamboo stick fire". For example, the Gelao people in Wude said, "Burn a big bamboo pole for 30 nights and feed a big fat pig next year." During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Gelao people were also called "Xin Wei", which means deep-rooted aborigines. On the first day of the first month, don't blow bamboo sticks on the kang. Legend has it that this fire spread will make people talk about right and wrong next year.
Don't drink soup and rice for New Year's Eve. It is said that after eating soup and dinner, it will rain easily when going out next year.
After dinner on New Year's Eve, some families will feed the fruit trees in front of their houses to celebrate the New Year. First cut a small hole in the tree and fill it with food. Then read "Feed the meat into balls". Hey, stand in a line. "
After the New Year's Eve, seal the spinach and don't open it. On the morning of the second day of the first month, the housewife took the water spinach outdoors, opened it, filled it with rice and threw it outdoors. She read, "Let the mosquitoes go!" Let you fly, fly away. Fly behind Yinshan Mountain and make it cleaner! '
Avoid visiting on New Year's Eve. In order to make money, firecrackers will be set off at midnight. On New Year's Eve in China, a poem wrote: "Don't knock on your lucky door. Year after year, you stay up all night and people cook sweet wine. Congratulations on your good luck. "
Wash feet on New Year's Eve. You can't wash your feet above the knee. As the saying goes, after washing the mountain next year, passers-by can't eat.
You can't burn rice cakes on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. It is said that sesame cakes will eat clothes that are easy to iron, or they will leave scars when they are ironed.
On New Year's Eve, some housewives hide their scales, combs and brooms. It is said that you can't look at the scales on the first day of the new year, and you can't weigh things with scales, otherwise you will easily encounter snakes in the coming year. You can't comb your hair on the first day of the new year, so it will be unlucky to comb your hair. On New Year's Day, it is impossible to clean the windy floor. He also said, "The less poverty you eliminate, the poorer you will be."
Rice is not allowed on the first day of the new year. Tangyuan, mung bean powder, noodles, jiaozi is the only food in the whole day. Say "rice" and "sin" are harmonious, and avoid "sin" and "sin".
You can't wake up on the first day of the new year. On the first morning of every month, sleeping is usually called "digging a hole", which means dreaming of digging underground treasures, so a person can't disturb his dream of making money.
On New Year's Eve and the first day of the new year, people will go to the nearby ancestral graves to light candles, burn incense and paper, which is commonly called "lighting" to welcome their ancestors.
On the second day of the Lunar New Year, the son-in-law and daughter will pay a New Year call to their parents-in-law. As the saying goes, "the first day a son, the second day a son-in-law, the fourth day and the third day eat shit."
The fifteenth day of the first month is "New Year". At night, people, rich or poor, can only play with lanterns and dragon lanterns in this village. They stayed up all night and dispersed happily.
On June 5438+05, every household will have candles. Put the lighted candles on the road outside from the front and back of the house. It is said that this road will be illuminated to facilitate snakes, insects and ants to walk outside. At the same time, I want to play the game of sandalwood bug: one child drags a rotten sandalwood in front with a straw rope, and another child slaps it with a branch in the back, shouting to drive away sandalwood bug!
"Fried worm cake". Late at night on June 5438+05, some young people invited them to steal some onions and garlic sprouts, celery and radishes from other people's gardens. They went home to cook with their father, shouting "Fried caterpillar!" Then divide the food into bowls. It is said that if you do this, all pests harmful to crops in the field will be killed. The next day, I found that the vegetables in my garden had been stolen, and no one could "pout". It is said that the more you scold, the luckier the vegetable thief will be.
According to glaucoma. 15 in the evening, the housewife filled a septic tank that had been washed for a long time with a whole half bucket of clean water, and asked all the people in the family to hold candles and look at the reflection in the septic tank. Legend has it that after taking this photo, there will be no eye diseases such as fire and glaucoma in the coming year.
Four. Other taboos
Old people forbid young men and women to sing folk songs at home. They said: At least there are two more tiles here.
Old people should not let their children eat pig's feet. It is said that children eat pig's feet, and it is difficult to find a "daughter-in-law" when they grow up, and there will always be "rumors" when proposing marriage.